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Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
1877-7058 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICPVT-14doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.220
ScienceDirect
aBeijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China bShandong Meiling Chemical Equipment Company Ltd, Shandong, 255430, China
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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICPVT-14
264 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
et al.et al.
et al.
et al.
2.1. Specimens preparation
265 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
d1 d2 t l L
S W D
d1 d2 tl L S
d DP
2.2. Measurements of tube expanding percentage k
Heat Exchangers
d d bkt
Steam Boiler Safety Technology Supervisory Regulations
d tkD
266 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
2.3. Pull-out force and push-out force experiments
268 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
3.1. Relationship between tube expanding percentage and expansion pressures
Pk
Pk
270 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
3.2. Relationship between pull-out forces and expansion pressures
q P P
271 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
q P P
q P P
3.3. Relationship between push-out forces and expansion pressures
272 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274
3.4. Relationship between pull-out forces and tube expanding percentages