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Experimental Pathologyand Health Sciences

Research, Clinics, Teaching and Society

António M. Silvério Cabrita, MD, PhD, Coimbra, Portugal

Manuel Luís Correia Matos Beja, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalDaniel Cartucho, MSci, MD, Faro, Portugal

Anabela Cordeiro, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalAntónio Silvério Cabrita, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalAmérico Afonso, DMD, PhD, Porto, PortugalArtur Varejão, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalAura Colaço, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalCarlos A. Fontes Ribeiro, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalCarlos Gonçalves, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalCarlos Lopes, MD, PhD, Porto, PortugalCarlos Viegas, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalFátima Gartner, DVM, PhD, Porto, PortugalFátima Martins, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalFelisbina Luisa Queiroga, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalFernanda Seixas Travassos, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalFernando Capela e Silva, PhD, Evora, PortugalFidel San Roman, DVM, PhD, Madrid, SpainFrancelina da Cruz Lopes, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalGraça Dias, DVM, PhD, Lisbon, PortugalHelena Fernandes, PhD, Porto, PortugalIsabel Dias, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalIsabel Poiares Baptista, DMD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalIvone Souza, PhD, Recife, BrasilJoão A. B. Patrício, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalJorge Colaço, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalJorge Rodrigues, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalJosé A. S. Medeiros, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalJosé Manuel Almeida, DVM, Vila Real, PortugalL. Boyanova, Sofia, BulgariaLuís Antunes, DVM, Vila Real, PortugalLuis de la Cruz Palomino, DVM, PhD, Lugo, SpainMargarida Caramona, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalMaria de Lurdes Pinto, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalMaria dos Anjos Pires, DVM, Vila Real, PortugalMaria Helena Gil, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalMaria João Pires, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalMaria Manuela Estima Gomes, PhD, Minho, PortugalPaula Oliveira, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalPaula Pereira, PhD, Lisbon, PortugalPaula Rodrigues, DVM, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalPaula C. Tavares, PhD, Coimbra, PortugalRita Payan Carreira, PhD, Vila Real, PortugalRogério Branco, MD, PhD, Porto, PortugalRui M. B. Alves, MD, PhD, Coimbra, PortgualStefano Geuna, MD, Torino, ItalyVasco Bairos, PhD, Coimbra, Portugal

Ana I. V. Rafael, MSci, Coimbra, PortugalRodrigo Farinha, DMD, Coimbra, Portugal

Journal of the Portuguese Experimental Pathology AssociationEditor:

Associated Editors:

Editorial Board:

Experimental Pathology and Health SciencesClinics, Teaching, Research and Society

Correspondence:Two issues each year António M Silvério CabritaISSN 1646-8414 ExinlabLegal deposit: 266156/07 Centro de Empresas de TaveiroFounded: 2007 3000-111 Taveiro 2008: Volume 2 (1) PortugalLanguage: English Hsjournal@appept.org

Redactorial Board:

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Experimental PathologyandHealth Sciences

Research, Clinics, Teaching and SocietySTATEMENT OF PURPOSE As the beginning of a new century, there is a need to promote scientific and technological development applicable to the entirecommunity, only possible if research is primarily devoted to solving the basic problems and the financial gains are, instead ofbeing the goal, only the means to sustain research. Scientific knowledge and technological capacity should be translated intopractical applications for clinicians which in turn will be applicable to the population. New information and capacities can betransferred to teaching programs to prepare new health technicians.Experimental Pathology and Health Sciences Journal belonging to the Portuguese Experimental Pathology Associationmeans to be a forum to bring together scientists, clinicians and those who can voice health social problems. Our objective isto contribute to pluritranslational health work and in so doing provide better conditions for our citizens.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Manuscript Categories The journal comprises articles, organized under the followingsubjects:Editorial, History, Invited Opinion, Invited Review, Review,Reports, Student's Tribune, Technical Notes, Research andExperimental Models, Clinical Cases, Clinics and Society,Teaching in Health Science Courses, Teaching and ResearchMatters.All submissions should be made using the email addresshsjournal@appept.org. All manuscripts are evaluated first bythe Editor and Associated Editors and then submitted to ablinded peer-review process, where we preserve the confiden-tiality of the authors. After 60 days after the receiving date,the authors are informed about the result of the review:accepted, rejected of acceptable after some changes.If there is any Conflict of Interest, the journal should beinformed by the author on the submission of the manuscript.The Portuguese Association of Experimental Pathologyholds copyright of published papers.All correspondence concerning editorial matters should beaddressed to:António M Silvério CabritaEditor of EExxppeerriimmeennttaall PPaatthhoollooggyy aanndd HHeeaalltthh SScciieenncceessExinlabCentro de Empresas de Taveiro 3000-111 Taveiro - Portugalor by email to: hsjournal@appept.org.

Manuscript Structure Manuscripts should be prepared in the style of the Journaland according to the Uniform Requirements for ManuscriptsSubmitted toBiomedical Journals (Available at: http://www.icmje.org).Reviews should have a maximum of 8,000 words, 150 refer-ences, and six tables or figures.First Page: Should contain an intelligible to the general read-er abstract, with no more than 250 words. For research papersthe abstract should clearly summarize the background,methodology, results and their significance.Second Page: The second page must include a concise title;complete names of all authors; departments, institution andaddress where the research was performed; grant numbersand sources of support; name, address, e-mail and fax of thecorresponding author. Any affiliations with any organizationor entity having a direct financial or personal interest in thesubject matter or materials discussed in the article should alsobe stated. The title page is the only page where the authorsand their affiliations are identified. Please refer the number oftext

pages, tables and figures of the manuscript.Body Text: Starts on the third page of the manuscript. Forresearch papers the remaining sections of the text, shouldinclude: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results,Discussion, and Acknowledgments. Commonly abbreviatedterms should be spelled out in their first occurrence and thenmay be referenced in abbreviation through the remainder ofthe manuscript. Authors must say if the appropriate boards orethics committee approved the research protocol. If applica-ble authors should inform about the existence of informedpermission of the patients.Tables: Tables should be typed double-spaced and submittedon separate pages, as part of the manuscript. Tables should beblack and white text only and should not include figures orother non-typeset images.Figures: One figure consists on one or multiple related pan-els described under one legend. During the paper construc-tion, figures will be sized to fit one or two columns. Figureswithout the appropriate size will be sized at the publisher's dis-cretion. If the exact scale is critical, scale bars should be usedon the photograph and specified in the legend. The legendsare submitted as part of the manuscript, in the place where therelated figure should appear in the paper . An adjustment ofbrightness, contrast, or color balance is only acceptable ifapplied to the whole image and does not change the conclu-sions taken from the picture. All pictures should be sent sep-arately, in JPEG or TIFF format, with the best resolution pos-sible.

ReferencesReferences should be double-spaced and numbered in orderof citation in the text, including citations in tables and figurelegends. Complete author citation is required. Referencesshould conform to the style of the Journal, as follows (exam-ples):References of Journals: Pereira JE, Cabrita AM, Filipe VM,Bulas-Cruz J, Couto PA, Melo-Pinto P, Costa LM, Geuna S,Mauricio AC, Varejao AS. A comparison analysis of hindlimbkinematics during overground and treadmill locomotion inrats. Behav Brain Res. 2006:172; 212-218 References of Books: Ted A. Looms, A. Wallace Hayes.Numbers in Toxicology. Loomis's Essentials of Toxicology.Edited by Academic Press. 1996; pp.17-30 References of Websites: Cited in text only. Include the nameof the institution sponsoring the web site, URL address anddate of access.Authors will receive an electronic (PDF) reprint.

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EDITORIALIntegrative MedicineAntónio M. Silvério Cabrita

Experimental Pathology and Health Sciences2008: 2(1)

Pigeon Ovary.H&E; 100X in the original

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INVITED OPINIONAn Integrated Medical Currriculum Manuel C. de Matos Beja

HISTORY - INTEMPORAL DOCTORSLi Shih ChenCatarina Amaro

TEACHING AND RESEARCH MATTERSA Digital Record for Bowel Experimental OncologyAntónio M. Silvério Cabrita, Karen Cavalcanti, Ivone A. Souza, Rodrigo Farinha and M.L. Matos Beja

IX International Symposium on ExperimentalTechniques - Programme and Informations

Abstracts

Authors' index

REPORT 2007Research For Health

RESEARCH PAPERSRat and Mice Urothelial CarcinogenesisPaula A. Oliveira, Aura Colaço, L.F. de la Cruz and Carlos Lopes

The Sheep as an Animal Model in Orthopaedic ResearchJosé Caeiro Potes, Joana da Costa Reis, Fernando Capela e Silva, Carlos Relvas, António M. SilvérioCabrita and José António Simões

Children Oral Health: A Social PriorityMaria Helena Moreno, Ana G. da Fonseca, Rodrigo Farinha

SHORT COMMUNICATIONEchocardiographic Evaluation in Experimental PathologyCristina Brás, H. Roque and Antônia I. Souza

Morphologic Evaluation of the Bowel in Experimental Drinking of an Extract ofRed Wine and 1-NaphtylcarbamateKaren Cavalcanti, José Carmo B. Silva, Rodrigo Farinha, Ana I.V. Rafael and A.M. Silvério Cabrita

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REVIEWReversine a new and promising compoundAntónio Cabral, Vanessa Machado, Nuno Machado and Rodrigo Farinha

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EDITORIAL

Experimental Pathology and Health Sciences

2008; 2 (1): 5

Integrative Medicine

António M. Silvério Cabrita

Although today many accept the fact that most of our planet’s countries areintegrated into a global village, it is our understanding that in many aspects there arestill great dissimilarities, which is the case for health care.

People’s access to health care is still a far cry from what would be expectedfrom today’s developed society. Take, for example, Portuguese Speaking Countries(PSC). According to the information made available online by WHO, in this coun-tries, there is a close relation between the money spent in health care per capita andthe average life expectancy.

This information calls for an approach to solve this issue, which due to eco-nomic limitations, cannot consist of merely increasing the money invested in healthcare. Instead, we believe the solution is to find clinically and economically viable alter-natives.

The solution we propose is to implement the Integrative Medicine concept,which sees Medicine as a whole, not only integrating the most recent technical andscientific advancements but also the knowledge of the old and traditional ways, afterproof of their medical value. Integrative Medicine is based upon three pillars: educa-tion for health, illness prevention and the treatment itself. Education for health inte-grates in the society through the educational system, being desirable that the mediaact as active partners. Because of its preventive role, Medicine is present in both workand leisure and should work in close cooperation with institutions so that the valuesof life and health start being taken into account in norms and legislation. IntegrativeMedicine sees the man as a being beyond the morphologically recognisable, with avital psychological dimension and in permanent interaction with the community andthe environment.

Integrative Medicine is therefore a science that soars through time harvest-ing everything that may be useful to today’s society, fits in every sectors of the comu-nity and concerns everyone regardless of age, gender, social and economical condi-tion or whatsoever.

António M. Silvério Cabrita MD, PhD,Faculty of Medicine of Coimbra’s University,

President of the Portuguese ExperimentalPathology Association

scabrita@mac.com

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INVITED OPINION

Experimental Pathology and Health Sciences2007; 2 (1): 6

An Integrated Medical Curriculum

Manuel C. de Matos Beja

Over the years medical curricula have been changing accordingly to theimproved knowledge and technical capacities that keep coming up. Often the newbiochemical data and technological capacities do not conceive the man as more thana complex biochemical structure. Also, the important knowledge of ancient timesseems to have been forgotten by science, therefore refusing our History on Earth.Some new achievements are no more than a meeting with the past and improvementof old practices and ideas.

Muhammad ibn Zakarya Razi, known as Rhazes or Rasis, born in the year865 and died in the year 925, was a chief doctor at the Baghdad Hospital and an earlyproponent of Experimental Medicine. He was the first to write about what we nowcall of allergy and Immunity. Rhazes is often considered the father of pediatricsbecause of his work in this field.

Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi (936 - 1013), who lived inthe Iberic Peninsula gave an important contribution to medicine and surgery andmuch of his work has been passed on to us by his medical encyclopedia Kitab al-Tasrif. He describe procedures still used in Orthopedics and Obstetrics. He was thefirst to describe blood vessels ligature and the forceps to extract dead fetus are alsoof his creation. For many he is the father of surgery even tough many other exam-ples as such could be cited.

Now in the XXI century, physicians must deal with old diseases with an eco-nomic adverse system that will not support the newest and most expensive technolo-gies. When planning the medical curriculum it is mandatory to have in mind what is thepossible applicable knowledge and technologie. It is necessary to go for a sustainablemedical practice, in terms of social needs and socio-economic availability. This is thedirection of an integrated curriculum, incorporating the useful knowledge of ancientpractices as Acupuncture and Phytoterapy, better developing fields as environmentalmedicine, preventive medicine and education for health.

The new physicians should also practice more medical research in social lifeconcerning knowledge divulgation and legislation. This medical research in social lifeshould be regarded as an extension of medical act and should be reflected in the med-ical curriculum.

The new medical curriculum must be designed to integrate the doctor in theXXI society so that he is able to solve the problems of present times, using all theknowledge accumulated over the course of history.

M. L. Matos Beja MD, PhDPortuguese Experimental Pathology

Association

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