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Experimental Particle and Nuclear Physics
BaBar CMS Mu2e nEDM NOvA …and more
B-physics
CMS at the Large Hadron Collider Harvey Newman and Maria Spiropulu
CMS
Atlas Heavy Ions
The first accelerator
to probe deep into the
Multi-TeV scale
Many reasons to expect
new TeV-scale physics
Higgs Discovery at the LHC: H gg Narrow diphoton mass peak over smooth background
Y. Yang, Y. Ma, A. Mott, V. Timciuc, J. Veverka, A. Bornheim, E. DiMarco, M. Gataullin, R. Zhu, HN
+ Many Undergrads: Hardenbrook, Schneider, Yen et al.
Main background gggg
Keys: 1) Precise Calibration 2) Optimized Photon Identification
3) Precise Energy Scale 4) Innovative Analysis Methods
+ Many Caltech
postdocs and
students over
last 20+ years
Weighted
Unweighted
Diphoton Mass Spectrum
QCD tt + Jets SUSY
LM1
SUSY Searches with the Razor
We have reached beyond the 1000 GeV Scale for Squarks and Gluinos We are extending the reach with new multidimensional methods
C. Rogan, M. Spiropulu, J.Duarte, A. Mott, A. Apresyan, Y. Chen
Rogan
Duarte
Mott
Chen
Apresyan
Physics Achievements & Objectives
Higgs
Standard Model
SUSY
EXOTICALH
Clo
ok
-a
lik
e s
ep
ara
tio
n
Physics signatures/ variables/ objects
Muon Reconstruction/ Timing
& Simulation
Detector Achievements & Objectives
W. Smith, U. Wisconsin, CMS Collaboration Week Opening Plenary, December 6, 2010 HLT Experience 2010 & Issues for 2010-12 - 2
Offline Reco
& Fwk
Offline Release
Planning
Physics Object
Groups
Physics Analysis
Groups
L1 Trigger DPG. L1 Data Analysis
L1T & Emulator DQM
Algorithm perform Jonathan Efron & Luigi Guiducci
POG Contacts I
mu: I. Bloch, Z. Gesce
e : R. Covarelli, A. Holzner
MET: G. Lungu
POG Contacts II
tau: S. Gennai
b-jet: J. Komaragiri
jet: F. Lacroix
POG Contacts III
forward: A. Proskurakov
L1/MB: D. Hofman
HI: C. Roland
HLT Code Integration
Martin Gruenewald
Andrea Bocci
L1: Jim Brooke, Vasile Ghete
Rates & Prescales:
Len Apanasevich
Lucie Gauthier
Menu Compile & Eval.
Aram Avetisyan
Florent Lacroix
Performance Metrics
Silvia Goy Lopez
Physics Datasets
Maurizio Pierini
Trigger Menu Development
Jonathan Hollar
Roberto Rossin
Online
Deployment
Matthias Mozer
Alex Mott
Data Unpacking
& Menu Optimization
Edgar Carrera
Alexey Ferapontov
Calibration/
Alignment
Stephanie Beauceron
Javier Fernandez
Trigger Menu Integration
Tulika Bose
Bryan Dahmes
Algorithm
Performance
Tom Danielson
Nuno Leonardo
Release Validation
Nuno Leonardo
Tom Danielson
Offline DQM
Conor Henderson
Online DQM
Jason Slaunwhite
Hwidong Yoo
Trigger Performance
Vladimir Rekovic
Physics Links:
Data Sets: Oliver Buchmuller
& Claudio Campagnari
TriDAS Link:
Event Filter
Emilio Meschi
Offline Link:
Reconstruction & Fwk
Lucia Silvestris
TriDAS/Offline Link:
L1 Emulator & Software
Vasile Ghete, Eric Conte
HLT Operations Manager
Samim Erhan
Trigger Study Group
Chaired by Dep. Tr. Cor.
Trigger Executive Board
Chaired by Tr. Cor.
Trigger Coordinator
Wesley Smith
Deputies
Christos Leonidopoulos & Emmanuelle Perez2011
Spiropulu, Maria
SP 2010-11Ph 172 Sec. 58 - Research in Experimental Physics
0001552525.jpg
ChenYi
G3 (Ph)
0001635959.jpg
MottAlexander R (Alex)
G2 (Ph)
19-May-11 4:09:11 PM
CMS Awards to Our Students Yong Yang (ECAL) Alex Mott (Trigger) Yi Chen (HCAL)
3 of the 7 student awards to our Caltech students; There are 170 Institutions in CMS
Spiropulu, Maria
SP 2010-11Ph 172 Sec. 58 - Research in Experimental Physics
0001552525.jpg
ChenYi
G3 (Ph)
0001635959.jpg
MottAlexander R (Alex)
G2 (Ph)
19-May-11 4:09:11 PM
https://www.facebook.com/Caltech.LHC.CMS
10
Flavor Physics – Standard Model and Beyond
Faculty David Hitlin Frank Porter
Postdocs Chih-hsiang Cheng Bertrand Echenard Kevin Flood Markus Röhrken Tomo Mayashita
Grad Students Daniel Chao Jae Hong Kim New student(s) The objective of flavor physics experiments in the coming decade is to increase experimental sensitivity so that the effects of New Physics beyond the Standard Model can be studied. The mass scale sensitivity for indirect effects exceeds that for direct observation
The group has two major activities: Mu2e and BABAR • Mu2e is a high-sensitivity search for lepton flavor violation at Fermilab • BABAR’s physics goals are now to use its large cache of data to catch a
glimpse of physics beyond the Standard Model by making novel, more subtle, tests of the consistency of the CKM matrix
11
Charged lepton flavor violation can be observable in many extensions of the Standard Model: Example: SO(10) SUSY GUT with heavy neutrinos
The rates of LFV processes are very sensitive to the details of the Yukawa couplings and the mass scale of heavy nR (L. Calibbi, et al.)
Are the couplings similar to those in the neutrino mixing matrix (PMNS) ? Or, are they similar to those in the quark mixing matrix (CKM)?
Super B factories have sensitivity Mu2e has sensitivity for
in rare t decays, such as t→mg m to e conversion
10
7 B
R (
t→m
g)
M1/2
Belle II
SO(10) MSSM
LFV from PMNS
LFV from CKM
Search for lepton flavor violation with Mu2e at Fermilab
Mu2e
Mu2e has greater coverage of (this) model space
12
mN→eN
m→eg
m→eee
CLFV sensitivity to high mass scales
Loops dominate
for κ << 1 Contact terms
dominate for κ >> 1
mN→eN
m→eg
m→eee
A. DeGouvea
κ
L (
TeV
)
13
Mu2e at Fermilab
1. Produce an intense m beam
Search for an electron resulting from m to e conversion, while rejecting
background sources sufficiently well that sensitivity is ~ 10-16
We are using our expertise on high quality crystal calorimetry to build
the electromagnetic calorimeter for electron idenification
• Requirements: radiation hard, fast timing, good energy resolution
• Two disks with 1930 scintillating crystals of BaF2 read out with a novel
APD that we are developing with JPL
2. Transport the beam
to a stopping target
3. Identify monoenergetic
conversion electron
Requires measuring momentum
of conversion electron with
high precision positive ID as
an electron
14
Disk geometry optimized by Monte Carlo
Disk geometry provides advantages in efficiency and other performance
metrics, and is charge symmetric, an advantage in calibration as well as
in use of the calorimeter in subsequent experiments
Optimum separation at ½ l of
conversion electron helix
15
Flavor Physics – Standard Model and Beyond
The BABAR experiment at SLAC provided the final crucial element of the quark sector of the Standard Model, the demonstration that the CKM phase h could describe all known CP-violating phenomena
BABAR was cited in the award of the 2008 Nobel Prize to Kobayashi and Maskawa
Data-taking has ended, but analysis will continue for several more years
Now more than 500 papers published in refereed journals
Emphasis is now on New Physics searches
)
)
112
1
21
23
22
32
lhl
ll
l
hlll
AiA
A
iA
d s b
u
c
t
16
Flavor Physics – Standard Model and Beyond
Recent results:
o Measurement of the difference in the CP
asymmetry in the penguin decays set stringent limits on Wilson coefficients of New Physics amplitudes
o Searches in e+e- final states set strong limits on the existence of the carriers of the currently fashionable dark forces (dark photons, dark Higgs)
o Search for (and find) time reversal violation in B decays
o Many more forefront analysis opportunities remain in e.g., CP violation in charm decays, angular analysis of bsl+l- decays, ….
( )±
d s
-B B x gand
17
BABAR data continues to yield important new results:
Last year, BABAR produced the first direct observation of time reversal (T)
violation in the time evolution of any system, using processes related solely
through time reversal
Exploits the unique production of entangled B meson pairs at the U(4S)
This measurement does not assume CPT invariance, or depend on the
previous establishment of CP violation in the B meson system
T violation in B meson decay
Projection of the fit with T violation
Projection of the fit without T violation
time (ps)
18
Flavor physics: present and future
Our group’s offices are on the third floor of Lauritsen Laboratory
David Hitlin - 367 Lauritsen Frank Porter - 348 Lauritsen
Postdocs and students along the same hallway
We have opportunities for graduate students
o We will be engaged in R&D, design and construction activities for the crystal calorimeter Mu2e for the next several years
This provides the increasingly rare chance to participate in the design and construction of a major new HEP experiment
o The large BABAR dataset provides the opportunity to do forefront analysis on an important flavor physics topic for a timely thesis
We hope to see you on Friday afternoon on the fourth floor of Lauritsen, or come by our offices to find out more about precision measurements in flavor physics as a window into the world of physics beyond the Standard Model
Ultra-Cold Neutron Group in Kellogg Lab
Precision measurements with free
neutrons
-- Neutron Decay
- TeV mass particles cause
~ 0.5% deviations
-- Neutron Electric Dipole Moment
- 100 TeV particles can
give observable EDM (standard model EDM is unobservably
small)
Ultra-Cold Neutrons (UCN)
(Fermi/Zeldovich)
• What are UCN ?
– Very slow neutrons
(v < 8 m/s l > 500 Å )
that cannot penetrate into
certain materials
Neutrons can be
trapped in bottles
or by magnetic
field
Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (EDM)
• Why Look for EDMs? – Existence of EDM implies violation of
Time Reversal Invariance and Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry
+
-
J
+
- d d
J J
t t
• New CP Violation is needed to explain the Matter-Antimatter asymmetry we see in
Universe The Standard Model effect is too small
J
Impact of non-zero EDM
• Must be new Physics
• Sharply constrains
models beyond the
Standard Model
(especially with
LHC data)
• May account for matter-
antimatter asymmetry of
the universe
McKeen, Pospelov & Ritz hep-ph 1303.1172 Heavy sfermions >50 TeV
1 TeV gauginos
Present EDM Limits
Shaded region is excluded
New nEDM at 3x10-28 e-cm
moves limits off graph (> 1000 TeV)
New EDM Experiment
Uses Super-fluid Helium to make trapped Ultra-Cold Neutrons
>2 orders-of-magnitude improvement possible
B. Filippone (Caltech) is Spokesperson for Collaboration Magnets and magnetic shields built at Caltech Then equipment moves to Oak Ridge National Lab for neutrons
nEDM Sensitivity vs Time
2000 2010
Future neutron EDM
1950
Trapped UCN
Possible Future Projects
• Precision measurement of neutron lifetime
• Search for new scalar or tensor particle interactions (via neutron decay)
• Design and build neutron EDM experiment
– Explore improved measurement techniques
• E.g. “spin dressing” of polarized neutrons and 3He
– at Caltech for next 4 yrs then measurements at Oak Ridge
Experimental neutrino physics
Ryan Patterson (faculty)
Leon Mualem (staff scientist)
Jason Trevor (engineer)
Chris Backhouse (postdoc)
Kirk Bays (postdoc)
Joe Lozier (grad student)
Dan Pershey (grad student)
Ben Clark (undergraduate)
Nico Salzetta (undergraduate)
incr
easi
ng m
ass
absolute masses?
mass ordering? (“hierarchy”)
|U𝜇3| = |U𝜏3| ? (“maximal mixing”)
UPMNS has “first-order” structure, contrast with UCKM
(model building, unification, new physics, ...)
unitary?
leptonic CP violation?
Majorana or Dirac?
Light sterile states? (experimental anomalies)
GUT-scale physics? (see-saw connection)
astrophysics/cosmology (solar 𝜈, supernovae, DM, ultra-high-energy 𝜈, C𝜈B)
…and more (geoneutrinos, nuclear processes, 𝜈 interactions)
Just a few of the questions in the neutrino sector
NO𝜈A
Fermilab
NO𝜈A Far Detector (Ash River, MN)
MINOS Far Detector (Soudan, MN)
Measure 𝜃13 via 𝜈e appearance
Determine the 𝜈 mass hierarchy
Search for 𝜈 CP violation
Determine the 𝜃23 octant
Using 𝜈𝜇→𝜈e , �͞� 𝜇→�͞� e …
A broad physics scope
Atmospheric parameters: precision measurements of 𝜃23 , |m2 |. (Exclude 𝜃23=𝜋/4?)
Over-constrain the atmos. sector (four oscillation channels)
Using 𝜈𝜇→𝜈𝜇 , �͞� 𝜇→�͞� 𝜇 …
32
Neutrino cross sections at the NO𝜈A Near Detector
Sterile neutrinos
Supernova neutrinos
Other exotica
Also …
To APD
4 cm ⨯ 6 cm
1560 c
m
A NO𝜈A cell
32-pixel APD
Fiber pairs from 32 cells
Superb spatial resolution for a detector of this scale (14 kton!)
Near detector 𝜈𝜇 CC event simulated and reconstructed using
tools developed at Caltech
NO𝜈A Far Detector Ash River Laboratory
Joe Dan
Neutrino interaction in (partial) Far Detector
Neutrino interaction in (partial) Far Detector
sin2(2𝜃13)
0 0.05 0.10
good better great!
Daya Bay result (2013)
NO𝜈A physics program, as a function of sin2(2𝜃13)
→ Ample 𝜈e rate at the NO𝜈A Far Detector
Neutrino physics with NO𝜈A… The Caltech group has lead roles in… - Detector design and construction - Electronics and data acquisition - Commissioning and calibration - Simulations, software, analysis - Oscillation physics - Overall physics program
…and more MINOS+ : High-stat searches for new physics (sterile 𝜈, extra dim., Lorentz violation) Global fit development : Extracting maximum information from world data Detector development: R&D toward next-generation experiments
2:00 pm today
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Experimental Particle and Nuclear Physics
