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Experimental Method; EFFECT OF ALLOYING ADDITIONS AND AGING CONDITIONS ON THE HARDNESS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY
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EFFECT OF ALLOYING ADDITIONS AND AGING CONDITIONS ON THE HARDNESS (HB) OF 319 (ALUMINUM) ALLOYS
By Andi Firdaus SudarmaID No.: 432107963
ME-508 Experimental Methods in MEDR. Basharat Salim (Lecturer)
INTRODUCTION
Table 1. Chemical composition limits of aluminum 319. [3]
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Experimental Procedure
Ingot Melting
Adding Alloys
Pure Argon Degassing
CastingHeat
Treatment (8h@495OC)
Quenching (Water@65O
C)Aging
Hardness Measuremen
t
Heat Treatment and Aging Scheme
Experimental Aging Matrix
H1: aging at 180oC up to 2 hours.
H2: aging at 180oC up to 8 hours.
H3: aging at 220oC up to 2 hours.
H4: aging at 220oC up to 8 hours.
DATA & RESULT
Data ResultAlloy Code
Factors Combination Aging Condition
%Mg %V.F Sr-ppm H1 H2 H3 H4
18 - - - 117 119 108 103
20 + - - 131.5 132.5 119 116
19 - + - 117.5 123 106 101
21 + + - 137.5 133.5 127 112
18s - - + 108.5 109 94 96.5
20s + - + 120.5 119 114 99
19s - + + 117.5 115 96 95.5
21s + + + 127 128.5 116 101.5
Notation•%Mg (+) maximum value of magnesium contains (~0.27%) (-) minimum value of magnesium contains (~0.1%)•%V.F(+) Fe-type morphology: α-Fe and β-Fe
(-) Fe-type morphology: α-Fe•Sr-ppm (+) Strintium modified
(-) No modification
Anova Table
Source of Variation
Sum of Square
Degree of Freedom
Mean
Square
Fo Ft
Alloy2131.59
47
304.513
24.077
2.51
Aging Condition
2177.406
3725.80
257.38
73.10
Non Addivity
5.766 1 5.766 0.456 4.35
Error 252.952 20 12.648
Total4567.71
931
Hypothesis
•With confidence level at 95%, non addivity comparison of F value, we have Fo < Ft, so the null hypothesis is accepted. It mean that there is no interaction between treatment A and B. If there is no interaction then (τβ)ij = 0 for all i and j.
•Comparing the F value that we get from observation and F value from table, the correlation is Fo > Ft, it mean that there significant mean effect of treatment A and treatment B.
Plot of Hardness vs. Aging Condition
1 2 3 480
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Alloy 18Alloy 20Alloy 19Alloy 21Alloy 18sAlloy 20sAlloy 19sAlloy 21s
Har
dnes
s
Aging Condition
Plot of Hardness vs. Alloy Addition
18 20 19 21 18s 20s 19s 21s80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
H1H2H3H4
Treatment A Mean Comparison (LSD)
Mean Comparison
Mean Difference
Less/More LSD Remark
y1-y3 -0.125 < 5.190 Not significant
y1-y6 -1.375 < 5.190 Not significant
y2-y4 -2.75 < 5.190 Not significant
y3-y6 -1.25 < 5.190 Not significant
y5-y7 -4 < 5.190 Not significant
y6-y8 -5.125 < 5.190 Not significant
Treatment B Mean Comparison (LSD)
Mean Comparison
Mean Difference
Less/More LSD Remark
y1-y2 0.3125 < 3.670 Not significant
y1-y3 12.125 > 3.670 Significantly Different
y1-y4 19.0625 > 3.670 Significantly Different
y2-y3 12.4375 > 3.670 Significantly Different
y2-y4 19.375 > 3.670 Significantly Different
y3-y4 6.9375 > 3.670 Significantly Different
DISCUSSION
Responses for Alloy Containing
Alloy Code Factors CombinationMean
Hardness%Mg %V.F Sr-ppm
18 - - - 111.75
20 + - - 124.75
19 - + - 111.875
21 + + - 127.5
18s - - + 102
20s + - + 113.125
19s - + + 106
21s + + + 118.25
Mean Value of Treatment B
H1(Temp-180,
Time-2h)
H2(Temp-180,
Time-8h)
H1(Temp-220,
Time-2h)
H1(Temp-220,
Time-8h)
977 979.5 880 824.5
CONCLUSION
•The main effect of alloy addition that is, Mg addition and volume fraction addition to alloy has increased the hardness number significantly. The contradictive is happen to Sr-modification, it cause the hardness number decrease.
•The main effect of aging time and aging temperature on the hardness is described as follow; at temperature 180oC, the main effect of aging time is not significant. At temperature 220oC, increasing the aging time will effect to hardness, which is decreasing. With the same of aging temperature, increasing temperature will decrease the hardness.
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