Experimental Hadron Physics in PolandExperimental Hadron Physics in Poland

• status (1985-2006) and perspectives• polish contributions and achievements• fields of interest:

1 fm

rN

Interactions and structure of hadrons

LQCD [Bowman etal ‘02]

Instanto nmodel

[Diakonov+Petrov ’85,Shuryak]

1 fm r

Chiral Symmetry and mass generation

Nuclear matter at extreme condition (T,)

Physics experiments Polish Groups

Interactions and structure of hadrons

COSY: COSY11,GEM, ANKE, WASA

SATURN: DISTO

GSI : PANDA

JU-I, US, INS, US , INP, UW

JU-II

JU-I/II, INS, US

Hadron properties in nuclear matter

GSI: KAOS, FOPI, HADES JU-II, UW-I

Properties of hadronic matter at extreme

conditions

GSI/SIS : FOPI, CBM

CERN/SPS : NA49

RHIC: PHOBOS, BRAMS,STAR LHC: ALICE

UW-I, JUIII,US,INS

IPSA, INP, INS,WIT

INP, JUIII, WIT

INP,WIT, UW-II

JU (I-III)– Jagiellonian University (Krakow) WIT - Warsaw Institue of Technology (Warsaw)

US - University of Silesia (Katowice) UW (I,II) - Warsaw University (Warsaw)

INS - Institute of Nuclear Studies (Warsaw) INP - Institute of Nuclear Physics (Krakow)

IPSA - Institute of Physics Świetokrzyska Academy (Kielce)

COoler SYnchrotron COSY

• polarised and unpolarised proton and deuteron beams• stochastic and electron cooling

• momentum range: 600 – 3700 MeV/c

• meson production up to (1020)

WASA

• only s-wave partial waves contribute to Final State

• 1S0 pp FSI known

• pX interactions measured via (Q=s1/2 – s12

thresh ) and Dalitz plot

X: , ' , , K- , K+ , ,

Saturn

Meson productionMeson production close to threshold close to threshold

CELSIUS

•COSY-11: J. Smyrski et al., NIM A 541 (2005) 574.

JU Since 1987: 12 members. Construction of TOF walls, Drift chambers, beam monitors

US: 3 members

pp pp η at Q=15.5 MeV

• bin size is experimental resolution !

//'' production production

|M|2 ~ |M0|2 |Mpp|2 |Mp1η|2 |Mp2η|2

|M|2 ~ |M0 |2 |Mpp|2

σ = dVps |M|2F

1

COSY11

strong p FSI (S11 (1535))

weak p' FSI

Strangeness productionStrangeness production:

K+/K- ratio important for:

in medium kaon properties- HI@GSI

(subthreshold kaon production)

• K+K- production :

/ ratio OZI rules in pp collisions

COSY: PLB 635 (2006) 23

2001-06

pp FSI DISTO[1]

/ ratio enhanced but not so much as in pp annihilation at rest

non –resonant contribution consistent with space distribution

L=1032 cm−2s−1

• Test of CP symmetries in flavour conserving decays: +-e+e-

• charge symmetries of strong interactions (u, d quarks mass difference) via / mixing in ' decays anddd0

• exotics – glueballs, pentaquarks

Polish groups:

UW, JU, US, INP, INS

ECAL, Forward-Detecto

GSI-GSI-FAIRFAIR

SIS 100

U28+ 2.7 GeV/u 1012 ions/sprotons 30 GeV 2.8x1013/s

2T (4T/s) magnets

SIS 300

U92+ 34 GeV/u 1010 s

6T (1T/s) magnets

Secondary Beams

Radioactive beams up to 1.5 GeV/uAntiprotons up to 30 GeV

Storage and Cooler Rings

Radioactive beams e-A colliderHESR: Antiprotons 1.5- 15 GeV

FOPI, HADES, KAOS

UNILAC SIS

FRS

ESR

SIS 100/300

HESR

SuperFRS

NESR

CR

p Target

18

PANDA

MoU signed by Poland in 2005

CBM

PANDA @ FAIRPANDA @ FAIR• p production rate 2x107/sec• Pbeam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c• Nstored = 1011 p• Internal targetp/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling)

• • Charmonium spectroscopy (cc)

• "Glue" bound states: Hybrids(ccg) and glueballs (ggg))

• D mesons in nuclear matter

• Hypernuclei spectroscopy

Polish groups:

R&D: ECAL (UNS)

MDC, DAQ, FEE (JU)

Forward Spectrometer coordination

Design Studies: (JU)Solenoid

Target Target spectrometer

Forward spectrometer

KaoS

FOPI/KaOS@ GSIFOPI/KaOS@ GSIKaons in mediumKaons in medium

JU: since '87

5-7 members Zero Degree Hodoscope

UW: since 1989

6-7 members

Participation in construction of TOF Barrel

Subthreshold KSubthreshold K-- production production

KaoS

• calculations with in medium potential describe data : U(K+, 0)= 30 MeV, U(K-, 0)=-70 MeV

W. Cassing et. al Nucl. Phys. A 614, 415 (1997).

KK++ production and nuclear matter EOSproduction and nuclear matter EOS

S

pK )(9

KaoS PRL86(2001)39

•K<200 MeV soft EOS

Soft EOS preferred

(precise K for k production in NN essential! )

NN thres.

C. Fuchs PRL91(2003)152301

In-medium hadron properties with HADES @ GSIIn-medium hadron properties with HADES @ GSI

• Studied via electron momentum reconstruction of e+,e- pairs (penetrating probes) from pp, pA,A, AA

• excellent electron ID against hadrons (~10-4)

• Spectrometer with high invariant mass resolution M/M~2% at /, large acceptance and high rate capability.

CollaborationMore than 100 physicists from

Cyprus, Czech Rep., France, Germany, Italy, Poland,

Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain

Project launched in 1995. Measurement started in 2002

JU since 1995 (~12 members)

R&D and construction of Pre-Shower incl. read-out electronic of 20k channels

p

e+

e-

e+e-

e+e-Ne+e- measured rates span over 5 orders of magnitude

better description with in-medium spectral functions of

• more sensitivity in larger systems (Ar+KCl, Au+Au,..) expected

FOPI & HADES future programms FOPI & HADES future programms (2006-2010)(2006-2010)

• FOPI: K- flow sensitive to KN potential (TOF RPC upgrade) Kaon production in pion induced reactions Kaonic bound state in nuclear matter

• HADES studies of e+,e- sources in pp, dp collisions, modifications in nucleus, pion induced reactions, studies of e+,e- production in heaviest systems (Au+Au) at top

SIS18 energies->inner TOF and DAQ upgrade (EU programme) HADES at 8 AGeV (->CBM experiment)

Nuclear matter under extreme Nuclear matter under extreme conditionsconditions

M. GazdickiChiral resotoration?

NA49: observation of onset of deconfinment?

• (Marek ) HORN

• STEP

30 AGeV

Na49 Future: Search for critical point of Na49 Future: Search for critical point of Strong InteractionsStrong Interactions

• Search for anomalies in fluctuations and flow (v2) in function of system size and energy (s1/2 > 7 GeV)

• Systematic scan in energy and system size:pp, pA, AA collisions (10-158 AGeV)

• Letter of intent SPSC for dedicated experiments at SPS in 2006-2011. Test run in august

Polish groups (data analysis):

IPSA, INP, INS,WIT, UW, JU

CBM experiment at FAIRCBM experiment at FAIR

Polish groups:

•Feasibility studies dieleptons (JU), strangeness (UW), DAQ (US, UW)

• R&D

Silicon Tracking (JU), RPC(UW)

beam

STS

magnet

RICH TRD

TOFECAL

Scientific goals: properties of baryon-rich and dense nuclear matter

A+A 8-35 AGeV (Au+Au), pp and pA (p<90 GeV)

ChS restoration - in medium / at high baryon density

open charm (D-mesons) and J/ in medium

Strangeness production: K, , ,

event by event fluctuations

RHIC’s ExperimentsRHIC’s Experiments

• Top Center-of-Mass Energy: 200 GeV/nucleon for Au-Au

• LuminosityAu-Au: 2 x 1026 cm-2 s-1; p-p : 2 x 1032 cm-2 s-1

STAR

HHototMMatteratterPPhysicshysicsDDivisionivision

Experimental set up

Hadrons ID: p, K, at:

up to 30 GeV/u, with (dp/p) ~ 1%

0 < |y| < 4 0.2 < pt < ~ 3GeV/c

• 9 drift chambers & FEE built in JU detector lab

HHototMMatteratterPPhysicshysicsDDivisionivision

Net protons rapidity density comparison

Net protons rapidity densityNet protons rapidity density

(highest rapidity measurements not yet completed)

12

7

With increasing energy the nucleus – nucleus collisons are more and more transparent The matter that is created at RHIC differs from anything that has been investigated before (baryon free region) !

HHototMMatteratterPPhysicshysicsDDivisionivision

Large high pt suppression for central collisions as compared to semi-peripheral

HHigh pigh ptt component of hadron spectra component of hadron spectra

Nuclear modification factor :

ddpNdN

ddpNdR

tNN

bin

tAuAupp

inelAuAu /

/2

2

Ratio of the suppressionfactor Rcp at =0 and =2.2

The evidences for strong nuclear effects

Jets energy loss

Au(100A GeV) + Au(100A GeV)

RC

P

Color Glass condenste ?

Spectrometer

Trigger Counter

Octagon

TOF

SpecTrig

T0 counter

MIT, BNL, Argonne National Laborator, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Rochester, University of Maryland

Poland: INP ( 7 members), Tajwan: National Central University

Participation of the Polish Group (since 1992): - contribution to the detector construction (~30% of the total detector cost) - developments of the physics research program and software system

Au+Au, sNN = 200 GeV

137k silicon sensors

~4 multiplicity coverage

excellent low pt

Particle flow

dN/d( - R ) = N0 (1 + 2v1cos (- R) +

2v2cos (2(- R)) + ... )

-R

Hydrodynamical models, with the assumed ideal nature of the fluid (no viscosity), reproduce the strength of the flow for central Au+Au for the first time at RHIC energies!

ITS

TPCTRD

TOFPHOS

HMPID

MUON SPEC.PMD

FMD

ALICE detectorALICE detector

• 30 times larger energy as in RHIC

• Energy desntity ~15-40 GeV/fm3 >> crit~1 GeV/fm3

• Freeze-out out ~ 20000 fm3, QGP duration (4-10 fm)

Coming Future: AliCE (ATLAS) @ LHCComing Future: AliCE (ATLAS) @ LHC

Polish groups:

~20 members

INP (TPC analysis), INS

WIT (HBT correlations), UW

Summary• Many interesting physics done so far

(COSY, SATURN, GSI, CERN, RHIC)• New exciting possibilities and challenges:• short term (<2010):

HADES, FOPI: in-medium hadron properties

WASA : studies of symmetries of SI

NA49future: search for critical point of SI• longer term (>2012):

PANDA : charmonium physics

CBM: studies of compressed baryonic matter• LHC : starts tomorrow..

back-up slides

HHototMMatteratterPPhysicshysicsDDivisionivision

High pt suppression at forward in d+ Au

BRAHMS: PRL 93

(2004) 242303

Initial conditions for high energy collisions are determined by the „wee partons” in the wave functions of the colliding nuclei

Color Glass Condensate (CGC) phase of hadronic matter.

Rd

+A

uR

CP

Laboratory of nuclear matter

Toneev at al. ,nucl-th/0503088:

3-fluid hydrodynamics

Collision trajectory in

e

Space

Time jet

AuAu

p K

T = 120 MeV = 0.06 GeV/fm3

T = 230 MeV = 3 GeV/fm3

200 AGeV "collider"

e

Strangeness creation

KaoS