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Experimental Evaluation of an Informational and Behavior Change Program to
Increase Undergraduate Students’ Energy Conservation
Marcie Desrochers, Hilary Mosher, Jonathan Agins, Sandeep Mitra,
K. B. LakshmananThe College at Brockport--SUNY
Why does energy use occur? Unnecessary energy
useEnergy conservation behaviors
Reinforcers/rewards
Easier to immediately turn on computer or gaming station;Immediate use when computer or gaming station is left on
Statements by self or others that energy was conserved or savings accrued
Punishers Slightly higher monthly electric bill – very delayed and not tied directly to energy use for computer or gaming station
Takes time to turn off computer completely or gaming station;Must wait for computer or gaming station to turn on completely for use
How can energy conservation be fostered?
Unnecessary energy use
Energy conservation behaviors
Reinforcers/rewards
Statements by self or others that energy was conserved or savings accrued;Immediate information about savings
Punishers Higher monthly electric bill – immediate and tied directly to energy use for computer or gaming station;- Make it more difficult to immediately turn on computer or gaming station;
Antecedents -> Desired -> ConsequencesBehavior
• Goals• Prompts/cues• Role Models
• Benefits vs. costs
• Immediate vs. delayed
• Informational feedback
• Knowledge• Attend to
behavior• Evaluate
behavior
A Behavioral Analysis
Antecedents -> Desired -> ConsequencesBehavior
Self-Management Behaviors
Behavioral Contract
Example: Behavioral Contract
1. Goal:2. Steps to change the environment to promote your behavior: 3. Monitoring your behavior:4. Rewards for your behavior:5. Steps to maintain commitment :6. How will you evaluate effectiveness of program? Signature: Date:Cosigner: Date:
Example of a Behavioral Contract
Goal: Laptop should be unplugged at least 6x per week for at least 12 hours per week.
Steps to change the environment to promote the behavior: I will use a sticky note on my door (to be changed every night) to remind me before I leave home.
How will you monitor your behavior: Record duration turned off on graph.
Consequences for the desired behavior: I will buy my favorite coffee when I make a week with 12 hours unplugged
Consequences for the undesired behavior: If I forget to turn off, I will have to turn off for at least 1 hour when I get home.
3 Post-Treatment
Assessments
Control Condition
4 WeekFollow-up
44 Participants randomly assigned
to condition
ExperimentalCondition
*Experimental Procedure
2 Baseline Assessments“How many time per day did you completely turn off and unplug your computer?”
1 20
10
20
30
40
50
60
ExperimentalControl
Self Report Assessments
Ave
rage
of t
he T
otal
Tim
e Pe
r Day
Dev
ices
are
Tur
ned
Off
Baseline Follow Up
Desrochers, M.N., Mosher, H., Meehan, G. (2012). Self-management of pro-environmental behavior. In preparation.
Results
* t test between conditions for follow up t(42) = 2.13, p < 0.05
*
Results
Problems with Self-Reports
• Subjective• Delayed – 24 hours• CMS dependent (administered on ANGEL)
PUMP (Power Usage Monitoring Program)
• PUMP Imitates the functionality of a Wattmeter by recording the energy use of multiple devices simultaneously.• Provides an option to give the user
feedback every time a device is powered down.• Data is saved in a central database,
making it effortless to run studies on massive sets of data.
PUMP (Power Usage Monitoring Program)
• PUMP runs on every mobile platform, making dispersion both inexpensive and easy.
• Every session of PUMP lasts exactly three days and has the option to lock users out of specific functionalities, making it an effective measuring tool for gathering data.
Current Research
Concurrent Validation of PUMP
Procedure
Recruiting participants
Giving instructions
Does app usage time & watt-o-meter time agree?
app
Watt meter
Correlation
Questionnaire
Correlation
Preliminary Results
10
500100015002000250030003500400045005000
Watt-O-MeterApp Estimated Via Survey Question
Participants
Min
utes
Dev
ice
On
. . . is possible
. . . requires planning
. . . can be beneficial
Summary: Behavior Change. . . .
Acknowledgements
• Student researchers• Faculty• Institutional support