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Experience with management of MPAs in Northern
Mediterranean:Portofino MPAValentina Cappanera
In Italy 27 operative MarineProtected Areas, but only fewof them have a regulation
Science for Management Workshop, Ortigia, 5‐6 March 2013
0 25 Km
N
Zona A (no take‐no entry zone) – 19 heZona B (generally protected zone) ‐ 167 heZona C (partially protected zone) ‐ 188 he
Portofino MPA
Site description: Portofino Marine Protected Area (MPA)
• established in 1999• 374 he• 15 Km of coast• includes the Municipalities of Camogli, Portofino and S.Margherita Ligure
SPAMI (2005)L‐TER (2007) site
Seaweed environment
pre‐coralligenous
Coralligenous and twiligth environments
The most important benthic populations
Portofino environment
Along the western and eastern slopes of the Promontory:meadow of Posidonia oceanica
The typical biocenosis of the southern slope are the pre‐coralligenous and coralligenous one
Portofino MPA -Zoning A (19,05 he) B (167,02 he) C (188,061 he)
Fine sand 0 0,13 11,49
Infralittoral plebbes (IP) 0,59 1,50 0
Photophilic infralittoral algae (PIA) 2,77 17,55 20,54
Sciaphilic red algae 1,15 11,50 15,53
Posidonia meadows(HP) 0,53 0,41 38,97
Mixed of living and dead Posidonia 0 0 0,99
Dead matte of Posidonia 0 0,35 3,83
Sciaphilic circalittoral algae 0 14,98
Coastal muddy bottoms (VTC) 0 0 15,58
Coralligenous assemblages (C) 0,74 17,21 2,75
Coastal detritus (CD) 10,75 144,94 42,15
Muddy detritus (MD) 0 0 14,48
The Governance is put in charge of a Consortium constituted by the Municipalities of S.Margherita Ligure, Camogli and Portofino, the Metropolitan City of Genoa and the University of Genoa
So the organs of the MPA are :•The Board of Directors (with a President)•The Responsible•The technical‐scientific Committee•The team of auditors
Management description
Different activities in a small area
The aims of Portofino MPA:
• safeguard of sea biodiversity and biological resources
• promotion and enhancement of local economic activities, when they are compatible with the importance of the naturalistic aspects of the area
€ 396.430,00
€ 271.655,44
€ 271.655,44
€ 261.551,95
€ 295.170,10
€ 155.105,39€ 172.136,61
€ 154.328,35
€ 160.869,39 € 178.523,44
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2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Public fundings (Italian Ministry of Environment)
Science for Management Workshop, Ortigia, 5‐6 March 2013
Conceptual model of Portofino MPA
In 2010 (with ISEA project) a standard management plan has been introduced and consequently approved by the ItalianMinistry of Environment
Biodiversity target identified in ISEA project
Lobster: the species Palinurus elephas, together with other crostaceans such as the Mediterranean slipper lobster(Scyllarides latus and Scyllarus arctus), European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and the spider grab (Majasquinado)
Grouper: brown grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), but also red grouper (Mycteroperca rubra)
Coralligenous habitat: tipical habitat of infra and circa‐littoral coast included in the Barcellona Convention as PriorityHabitat IV.3.1 by the SPA/BIO protocol
Posidonia oceanica: habitat included in the Barcellona Convention as Priority Habitat III.5.1 by the SPA/BIO protocol(SPAMI and Natura 2000 species) associated with important protected species included in the SPAMI list such asPinna Nobilis
Vision“Conservation and education
for a better life quality”
MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
On Species
Habitat
Fisheries
Tourism
Dissemination, Education
DATA System management
National and International scientific proiect
Fishery is an old activity in the area
• yachting
• diving
• professional fishing
• recreational fishing
•Bathing/swimming
•Outdoor activities (kayaking/excursions)
The competition among different activities causes a conflict (The MPA Manager plays an important role to avoid conflicts)
Since 2003, the manager has been acted monitoring in order to value the human impact and the “effects of protection”
Human activities inside Portofino MPA
On the base of adaptative management
The MPA carrys on a long monitoring activity finalized to manageScuba diving activity
Total number of dives in 2016 =
37993
Number of total dives from 2000 to 2016:
Monitoring of diving sites (2016)
Visual census of 139 organisms
Results: only 5% of organisms were of good lengh to catch (minimum lenght of catch: 9 cm)
First analysis: the 95% of organisms were under 35 metres of depth
Three hipotesis to explain these results:
•Species migration•Over exploitation of resources by professional fishery•Illegal catch by divers
In 2012 trammel net characterization
CL
Data collected:
•abundance•size – carapace lenght (CL) ‐sex
In relationship with recoded parametres:•Site of dive•depth (30‐60 m)•Dive time
Study about the population of lobster (Palinurus elephas)
A sussessful experience of study and management with divers
First step: engagement of diversSecond step: engagement of fishermen
Idea of experimentation on the use of a lobster potto reintroduce it in the regulation of the MPA and forbid trammel net
Guiding Mediterranean MPAs through the climate change era: building resilience and adaptation
The MPA‐ADAPT’s goals are to developcollaborative and site‐specific adaptation plansfor MPAs that enhance their resilience toclimate change impacts.
Actually Portofino MPA is improving itsresilience engaging divers and making themmore and more environment controllers(Citizen science)
The management of yachting activity
The monitoring activity
Since 2006, Portofino MPA has been carryingon specific monitoring campaigns in order tounderstand the full extent of recreationalboating problem, identifying the highest riskarea of the MPA and optimizing managementstrategies already in place
The monitoring activity is useful andnecessary because of the presence of areaswhich are Sites of Community Importance(Posidonia oceanica and coralligenous)
Visual census by MPA boat
Boating monitoring by daily ferries
Types of monitoring totally comparable(3% of gap)
This monitoring activity permits to have goodinformations with low cost (the activity iscarried on above all by students of theUniversity of Genoa)
This collaboration brought to thecreation of WebGIS MACISTE system(Marine Coastal Information System)
The presence of boats can be easilycompared with weather conditionsas well as, spatially, with habitats
This system is working well forPortofino MPA and is in progress forother Ligurian national MPAs
www.remare.org
Stima nautica da diporto nell'AMP Portofino (dal 2006 al 2015)
10574 10535
9310
12056
10212 10223 10589 105119753
11347
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
anno
num
ero
unità
da
dipo
rto
The hystorical series of data
Since 2013 the monitoring activity has been improved with information collected with camera surveillance system, only useful to evaluate boating fluxes and have information on weather condition
16 giugno 2014Ore 15.00
16 giugno 2014Ore 15.30
16 giugno 2014Ore 16.00 circa
Management measures adopted1) over a hundred of ‘seagrass‐friendly’ moorings for recreational boating
before after
A future development of this study will be to create predictive models ofrecreational boating in order to inform users, in advance, regarding mostcongested areas and encourage the correct use of Portofino MPA
3) from 2012 a swim line forbidden to boats access
2) a forbidden zone to boats bigger than 10 metres2009
2012
0 20 40 60 80 100%
surrounding net for mullet
small tuna trap
surrounding net
fishing line
longline
boat seine
fixed net
0% 3%15%
12%
38%
32%
<2526 ÷ 3536 ÷ 4546 ÷ 5556 ÷ 65>65
• number of boats: 39• middle age 57
• ligurian small boat named “gozzo”THE SMALL SCALE PROFESSIONAL FISHERYMunicipality of fishermen
Age class of fishermen Gears used in Portofino MPA
The Tonnarella of Camogli,an example of sustainable fishery in Portofino MPA
Today, fishermen write species and number of catches on a log‐book every day
Log‐book of catchesTHE COOPERATIVE OF CAMOGLI
FISHERMEN
Total Yields (t/year) in the small tuna trap from 1950 to 2012
Cattaneo et al. 2014
1950‐54 1955‐59 1960‐64 1965‐69 1970‐74 1996‐00 2000‐05 2006‐12
Balestra et al., 1976
Balestra et al., 1976
Balestra et al., 1976
Balestra et al., 1976
Balestra et al., 1976
Relini 2001 this study this study
Auxis rochei avg (t) 21.39 11.15 7.03 4.69 4.12 9.50 8.13 5.78
Belone belone avg (t) 0.47 0.87
Boops boops avg (t) 4.02 2.96 1.08 1.40 2.92 4.00 3.42 1.54
Coryphaena hippurus avg (t) 0.12 0.10
Euthynnus alletteratus avg (t) 0.72 1.12
Oblada melanura avg (t) 0.02 0.35 0.46 1.41 1.40 0.59 0.41
Sarda sarda avg (t) 2.56 9.14 2.59 3.93 2.91 2.90 4.37 5.49
Sardinella sp. avg (t) 0.23 0.40
Sarpa salpa avg (t) 0.71 1.37 3.06 8.66 14.16 1.50 0.99 0.29
Scomber colias avg (t) 2.49 2.21 3.22 0.41 2.56 2.40 4.50 7.11
Scomber scombrus avg (t) 0.38 0.81 1.44 0.16 0.47 0.20 0.04 0.00
Scomberesox saurus avg (t) 1.33 3.27 2.55 3.35 1.51 6.00 0.13 0.04
Seriola dumerili avg (t) 9.00 9.72 4.84
Sphyraena viridensis avg (t) 0.13 0.31
Trachurus spp. avg (t) 3.47 2.12 5.53 1.66 7.05 12.00 17.24 6.88
Others avg (t) 3.92 1.89 2.19 2.81 3.38 4.50 2.70 2.00
Total catches avg (t) 40.43 34.49 29.71 32.02 41.46 52.00 53.28 37.18
std 6.92 6.09 8.04 5.67 11.85 13.04 11.79 14.78
Total Yields (t/year) in the small tuna trap from 1950 to 2012
Cattaneo et al. 2014
Typical of Southern Mediterranean (such as dolphinfish and yellowmouth barracuda) have been caught with more frequency
Their catches in the season are related to warm seawater temperature (such as also Atlantic bonito)
Taking into consideration the presence of the MPAImportant young realities working on environmental topics have borned in the last years
Ziguele Cooperative
Guided tours to the Tonnarella of Camogliand streaming activity from the bottom of Portofino MPA
Kayak, sup, swimming and other sport activities
