Upload
sanaa
View
44
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Experience with Jatropha in Peru and Honduras. CFC/DED pilot project “Production of vegetable oils as fuel in replacement of diesel for public transport in Peru and Honduras” Peter Thoenes FAO - Trade and Markets Division International Consultation on Pro-poor Jatropha Development - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Experience with Jatropha in Peru and Honduras
CFC/DED pilot project “Production of vegetable oils as fuel in replacement of diesel for public transport in Peru and Honduras”
Peter ThoenesFAO - Trade and Markets Division
International Consultation on Pro-poor Jatropha DevelopmentIFAD, Rome, 10-11 April 2008
2
1. Project overview2. Key features3. First findings & main challenges
agronomic/technical economic social institutional
4. Conclusions
3
1. Project overviewsmall-scale pilot project on the cultivation of jatropha
and rapeseed and the direct utilization of their oils as fuel for local transportation
primary objective: to test technical & economic viability and suitability for smallholder farmers living in marginal areas
budget & funding sources: total cost USD 3.3 million USD 1.7 mill grant Common Fund for
Commodities (CFC) and Government of the Netherlands
USD 1.6 mill counterpart contributions (in kind and cash)
4
Project overview (cont’d)
implementing agencies: Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (DED) national governments, farmers (associations),
entrepreneurs, national research institutes
duration: 3 years (April 2007 – March 2010)
location: Peru (costa, sierra, selva), Honduras
project supervisory body: FAO (IGGOOF)
52. Key features (jatropha
component)
target groups: associations of small, resource-poor farmers working
in marginal areas, distant from main markets small entrepreneurs (processors, bus owners)
operating in the same areas
focus on: small scale and local resources & markets: local
seed crushers, local mini-bus companies, on-site adaptation of bus engines
.... as opposed to large-scale plantations and processing, full mechanization, transportation to distant markets, industrial refining into biodiesel, external investors, export orientation
full compatibility with existing, local farming systems
no direct competition with foodcrops for land simple, easy-to-procure technology (cultivation,
processing)
6
Key features (cont’d)
short commodity chain - entire chain from the primary product to the end user
limited number of actors close-by markets local value addition local employment & income
ingeneration reduced dependence on external markets/prices
public-private partnerships - close interaction between
farmer associations/cooperatives small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) researchers and extension workers local governments private investors
73. First findings & main challenges
a) agronomic/technicalb) socialc) economicd) institutional
8
a) agronomic/technical
first findings : high adaptability & good performance in different
agro-ecological zones grows under marginal/extreme conditions (soil
quality, rainfall) ... ... suitable for otherwise uncultivated or underutilized land
suitable for direct planting (seeds, cuttings) planting density up to 10 000 plants/ha in arid zones: temporary drip irrigation (small-scale;
simple & low cost; resource efficient) yield estimates (using mix of local
landraces/ecotypes): promising, but wide range - depending on seed material
minimum 6-7 t/ha average 9 t/ha most performant 12 t/ha (= 4t oil)
9
agronomic/technical (cont’d) very responsive to improved cultivation methods
in particular pruning mulching; bees-assisted pollination; etc.
performs well without chemical fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides
good natural pest resistence (once plant is established)
highly suitable for inter-cropping (variety of staple and cash crops)
regular labour requirements: weed control manual, year-round harvesting post-harvest treatment (depulping)
oil fully suitable as fuel in modified diesel engines
10
agronomic/technical (cont’d)
four main challenges :1. trial & error approach, experimental nature ...
need for: NARS driven, systematic on-station/on-farm research networking and exchange between NARS
2. seed shortage (local & improved varieties) ... need for: (i) systematic, integrated seed selection programs,
(ii) identification of traits of economic importance, (iii) breeding and genetic improvement
farmer-managed revolving seed funds national and regional genebanks (general access; safe
exchange; public-private financing; partial cost-recovery) commercial production & distribution of improved seed
11
agronomic/technical (cont’d)
3. farmer training in cultivation practices ... need for: collaboration between NARS, national extension
services, local NGO’s
4. labour-saving technological innovations (depending on scale of operations) improved weed control uniform flowering/fruiting machine harvest mechanical depulping
12
b) socialfirst findings: farmers are responsive, stimulated & committed compatible with existing farming systems, labour allocation,
etc. farmers associations are not new value of land is reported to have increased in project areasthree main challenges: 1. viability & sustainability of farmer associations to be
proven 2. limited management and commercial skills
provide training 3. farm-labour bottlenecks (depending on size of operations)
closely monitor farm-labour use availability of off-farm labour gradual mechanization
13
c) economicfirst findings: (tentative) readily available market ... current demand by far
exceeding supply ! interested, motivated entrepreneurs positive economic returns confirmed for key actors of the
commodity chain: farmers, processors, bus owners based on price assumptions: 150.- USD/t seed and 700.-
USD/t oil including lending (by farmers, processors) and own
investment (by bus owners)main challenges:1. critical role of yield levels (7-12 t/ha) 2. long spell until jatropha reaches full maturity 3. need to guarantee constant supply flow and homogenous
quality4. contractual arrangements to be tested5. access to credit, loan guarantees6. potential competition from other biofuels (... role of gov.
policies!)7. sensitive to price developments of crude oils
14
d) institutional
first findings: limited direct interaction with governments weak formal linkages with NARS/extension systems (as
to be expected with pilot project ...) increasing awareness among policy makers in Peru,
Honduras and elsewhere rising interest from NGOs; parallel activities and
exchanges increasing interest from donor community & media ... more dissemination/sensitization work is plannedmain challenges:1. mobilization of government support to NARS & public
extension systems 2. creation of an enabling environment -- call on
governments, donor community, CGIAR-system, others: .../...
15
institutional (cont’d)a) action at national level
stimulate private-public collaboration in research (... how?)
regulate seed certification, control and marketing review of land use policies strengthen rural credit (favourable rate, loan guarantees) regulation of domestic fuel market:
adapt biofuel norms & ensure quality control; provide tax incentives regulate fuel distribution and sale; control pricing coherent national energy policy
b) international input policy advice and technical assistance stimulate international cooperation in research on
jatropha facilitate germplasm exchange and seed trade between
countries
16
4. Conclusions first promising findings (technical, economic viability) ...
... but results need to be confirmed sound developmental approach (social impact &
resource utilization) considerable potential for replicability scope for expansion into other local uses (rural
electrification in remote areas) need for increased external/international assistance &
coordination room for NGOs key outstanding challenges:
agricultural research seed supply sensitization of policy makers stimulation of public-private partnerships
17Thank you for your attention ... on behalf of the entire project team !
CONTACT: