Topic 1: Manifest Destiny & Expansion

WarmUp

Turn in Texas HW Reading & Questions to front tablePick up Notes Graphic Organizer and start working on first two bullet pointsFind new seat

Manifest Destiny

In the 1840s, many Americans believed that their movement westward was predestined by GodManifest Destiny was the belief that the US would expand “from sea to shining sea” - from the Atlantic to the PacificWestward expansion was also helped by technology

Manifest Destiny Groups

1. What does the angel represent?2. The 49ers?3. The farmers/plowers?4. The Native Americans?5. The carriage?6. The railroad?7. The Oregon Trailers?8. The bear?

Manifest Destiny → Mannequin Destiny

Task:

- Groups will be given one of the key groups of people in the Manifest Destiny illustration

- You will “act” out your group’s role in the illustration

- You will perform The Mannequin Challenge- After Mr. Betts

Regions Create Differences

The Northeast continued to develop industry while the South and West continued to be more agricultural The Industrial Revolution reached America by the early-mid 19th centuryNew England first to embrace factory system, especially in textile (fabric) mills

South Remains Agricultural

Meanwhile, the South continued to grow as an agricultural powerEli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin (1793) made producing cotton even more profitableThe South became a “Cotton Kingdom”More labor was needed -

1790 = 700,000 slaves1820 = 1,500,000 slaves

Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

Economic differences created political tension between North and South

Tariffs (AGAIN!!!)As the regions moved apart, politicians attempted to keep the nation togetherHouse Speaker Henry Clay’s American System called for a protective tariff, a National Bank, and an improved infrastructure to hep travel: Erie Canal

New Inventions Help Expansion

1837 - Samuel Morse invented the TelegraphRailroads were becoming faster and more numerous by 1830 surpassing canals as #1 means of transportRobert Fulton invented the Steamboat and by 1830, 200 were on the Mississippi RiverJohn Deere’s Steel Plow and Cyrus McCormick’s Reaper improved agriculture

The Mexican American War

Timeline

1. Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821

2. Americans settle Mexico’s northern border (Texas) but keep US customs

3. Mexican government tries to enforce new laws that upset US settlers (like no slavery)

Timeline

4. Texans clash with Mexican army led by Santa Anna

5. Sam Houston & Texan leaders declare Texas independent

The Lone Star Republic

6. Texas is a sovereign (independent) nation from 1836-1846

Remember the Alamo

During the revolt against Mexican rule, American Texans moved into an old mission known as the AlamoAfter 12 days, 150 people held off an army of 6000The Mexican troops finally scaled the walls and killed all 187 Americans“Remember the Alamo” becomes a famous battle cry

Mexican-American War

In 1844 President James Polk wanted to annex Texas (make it part of the US)Negotiations failed and US troops moved in Mexican territoryAmerica victories soon followed, and in 1848 Mexican leader Santa Anna admitted defeatTreaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed - US won present-day Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and parts of Colorado and New Mexico

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1. Mexico agreed to accept the Rio Grande River as northern border of Texas

2. Mexico recognized that Texas was part of the US

3. Mexico gave up a large stretch of land between Texas and the Pacific

California Gold Rush

After gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill, migration to California rose from 400 in 1848 to 44,000 in 1850Folks who rushed to San Francisco in 1849 became know as Forty-ninersBy 1857, the total amount of gold mined in California topped $2,000,000,000!!

Reformer Speed Dating

Sign up for a reformer of this time period (Antebellum Era)You will research your reformer

We will do this next class mostlyWhat you don’t complete in class will be homework

We will do “speed dating” on November 17th/18th!

Topic 2: Reformers & Revolution

WarmUp

Sit in your new seats from MondayPick up WarmUp Exit Pass and begin working on warmupIf you didn’t turn in Texas Reading that was due last class, turn it into me.

Reformers

- Signing up for reformers- You will be given 1 reformer- Rest of class: researching your reformer and

creating a dating profile.

Abolition

Frederick DouglassWilliam Lloyd GarrisonHarriet Beecher StoweSojourner TruthNat TurnerGabriel ProsserHarriet Tubman

Women’s Rights

Elizabeth Cady StantonSusan B. AnthonyGrimke Sisters

Prisons/Asylums for the Mentally Ill

Dorothea Dix

Education Reform

Horace Mann

Temperance

Carrie Nation

Factory/Labor Reforms

Lowell Mill girls

Western Expansion and Inventions

Eli WhitneyCyrus McCormickJohn DeereSamuel Morse

Some others (religious focus)

John Humphrey Noyes - “free love” communitySylvester Graham - vegetarianism & temperance Mother Ann Lee - the ShakersJoseph Smith - Mormonism Brigham Young - Latter Day Saints

Your task...

Research your reformerThis is individual!

Fill out the chart on one of the papersRemember for speed dating it must include:

1-2 paragraphs of formal writing about your reformerDating profile (a template has been given to you)

WarmUp

Last minute touches on your Speed Dating profile and research15 minutes

Speed Dating

Task:

1 minute Talk about:

Your reformerThe reform movement associated with the reformerWhy it is significant? Why should we care?Prove that you’re the best reformer

Let’s talk about the most important reformers for your test!

Task:

Check over your notesJot down any key words/specifics about the reform that you will need to know for the test!

Frederick Douglass

● Former slave● Published The North Star

William Lloyd Garrison

AbolitionistPublished The Liberator

Harriet Beecher Stowe

AbolitionistAuthor of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Nat Turner

● Started slave revolts in Virginia

Gabriel Prosser

● Started slave revolts in Virginia

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

● With Lucretia Mott, organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Susan B. Anthony

● Fought for temperance, abolition, and women’s rights

Dorothea Dix

● Fought to improve conditions for the mentally ill

Horace Mann

● Fought to begin public schools for poor children

Eli Whitney

● Invented the cotton gin

Cyrus McCormick

● Invented the mechanical reaper

John Deere

● Invented the steel plow

Samuel Morse

● Invented the telegraph

Topic 3: Division & Road to Civil War

How did the US Grow?... and then divide?

Task:

- Pick up papers from front table- Label & color the map (back of the manifest

destiny picture)- There will be a map on your quest

- Quest Dates: Wednesday, 11/30 and Thursday, 12/1

Treaty of Paris 1783

Louisiana Purchase 1803

Treaty of 1818

Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842

Now moving a little back in time...

What happens when we expand and create states? Are the states free states or do they have slavery?

Missouri Compromise - 1820

Missouri Compromise - 1820

Drew a east-west line through the Louisiana PurchaseSlavery allowed below the lineSlavery prohibited above the line, except in Missouri

What does it mean to Compromise?

- Will everyone be happy with any kind of compromise?

- What is compromise?

Missouri Compromise RAFT Battles

R = ROLE

A = Audience

F = the format of your writing (letter, diary, news article…)

T = topic → reacting to the Missouri Compromise

RAFT Task...

Task = write a reaction to the Missouri Compromise

You will be one of the 5 roles (the perspective)White SouthernerSlaveFreed slaveNorthern businessmanWoman

Task

Complete your RAFT individually & silentlyROLE: you received a label at the beginning of classAudience: your choice (slave master, husband, yourself, the North/South)Format: letter, diary, news article, adTopic: reaction to the Missouri Compromise

RAFT Rap/Song Battles

1. Create a song with your group reacting the MO Compromise

2. Components of your songa. Must be school appropriate b. Use laptops to help with song choicec. You will be performing d. ***MUST include at least 3 factual evidence

supporting your ROLE’s feelings on the Missouri Compromise

Tariffs and Nullification - 1832

The central argument of South Carolina’s “Exposition” was that a sovereign state could nullify any federal law that it disagreed withIf the federal government did not recognize this right, Calhoun wrote, that state was within its rights to secede from the Union

The United States in 1849… what’s next?

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

California would be admitted as a free stateSouthern territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their own“When the residents of a territory vote to decide on the issue of slavery for themselves” = POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

Fugitive Slave Law (1850) → part of Comp. of 1850

The Fugitive (runaway) Slave Law required people in the North (free states) to:

Capture slaves who had escaped Return them to their owners in the South

In was a crime to help an escaped slave

Uncle Tom’s Cabin - 1852

A book by Harriet Beecher Stowe (an abolitionist)Described the life of a slave (Uncle Tom)Helped people in the North understand how horrible slavery was

Slave Revolts

Increased in the 1800sNat Turner - Newport NewsGabriel Prosser - Richmond PlotFed white Southerner’s fears about slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slavesSoutherners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence

The United States in 1853… what’s next?

Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854

Repealed (took away) the Missouri Compromise lineGave Kansas and Nebraska the right of popular sovereignty Led to Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas - 1854-1856

Bloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each otherEach side wanted to get the most supporters into Kansas, so they could win the vote on slaveryThey fought one another in brutal battles

Birth of the Republican Party - 1854

Created to oppose the spread of slaveryMade up of Northern Democrats, anti-slavery Whigs, and Free-Soil Party membersDid not agree on many things… BUT they were all against the spread of slavery

Dred Scott Decision - 1857

A slave sues for his freedom Supreme Court rules that slaves are not citizens…

So Dred Scott remains a slave under Missouri Law

… and that Congress can not outlaw slavery in any territory

So… Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry - 1859

Election of 1860

Election of 1860

“A house divided against itself cannot stand.”Lincoln is elected with NO support from the SouthBelieves the Union should stay intact… SO South Carolina secedes

South Carolina Secedes - 1860

Overall Causes of the Civil War

Northern Abolitionists vs. Southern defenders of slaverySectional debate over:

SlaveryExtension of slavery in the territoriesNature of the Union (state’s rights)

More Causes...

Sectional Debate over…Failed compromises over slavery in the territoriesUS Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott casePublication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher StoweIneffective presidential leadership in the 1850s