Expansion and DivisionEurope 1000 - 1500

4 Case Studies of Political Development:Consolidation vs. Fragmentation

Holy Roman Empire

Germany c. 1500

England: Political Consolidation and Checks on Royal Authority

Again, be prepared to compare. . . What factors contributed to such different political trajectories?

What are some of the key tensions and conflicts shaping politics 1000 – 1300?

Waning Imperial Authority during the Investiture Controversy (c.1075-1125)

After 1125, elective monarchy in the Holy Roman Empire!!

Key figure to whom we shall return:Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (r.1152-1190)

Another key figure to whom we shall return:Emperor Frederick II (r.1215 – 1250)

“Wonder of the World”

The German States after 1250:loose confederation of independent principalities and a weak

monarchy

So how does this compare to political development in England?