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Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Expanded clay and lava rock as potential filter media for nutrient
removal in vertical subsurface flowconstructed wetlands
Rob Van Deun, Mia Van DyckKatholieke Hogeschool Kempen, Geel, Belgium
SWS European Chapter Meeting29th June – 3rd July 2008
Kuressaare, Saaremaa, Estonia
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Introduction
Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregates:Literature possible P-removalArgex ??? (“Flemish” LECA)
Argex 0/4• Aggregate size: 0 – 4 mm
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Introduction
Lava rock:Commercial products: CW’s treatment of wastewater, water from fish ponds, swimming ponds
• Two types: size: 2 – 12 mm and 8 – 16 mm
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
IntroductionOptimizing nutrient removal with constructed
wetlands
Methods and MaterialsColumn studies: Infiltration columns
Height 80cm
Hydraulic loading50 l / m².d
45 ppm N (NH4NO3) + 15 ppm P (KH2PO4)
Sampling
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Methods and MaterialsAdsorption testsDetermining maximum adsorption capacityMethod (described by Seo, 2005):• 10 g of filter media• Blanks + different P- or N-solutions (100ml)• Continuously shaken for 24 h • After settling, supernatant was filtered
Langmuir equation apparent adsorption capacity
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
PhosphorusExperiment 1: 15 mgP/l - 50 l/m².d
Results after 6 months:
Removal: 89.7% 37.7% 45.1%
Experiment 1: Phosphorus
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
argex 0-4 lava 8/16 lava 2/12
g P in
out
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
PhosphorusLineair Langmuir plot: Argex 0-4
Langmuir equation:Ce/q = Ce/b + 1/a.bCe/q = 1.2791.Ce + 28.333
b = apparent maximum adsorption capacity
b = 0.78 mgP/g
y = 1,2791x + 28,333R2 = 0,9499
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Ce
Ce/
q
PhosphorusInfiltration columns:
Height 80cm
Hydraulic loading50 l / m².d
Argex (LWA)15 ppm P (KH2PO4)
75 ppm P (KH2PO4)
150 ppm P (KH2PO4)
Sampling
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
PhosphorusExperiment 2: column study: maximum adsorption
capacity Argex 0-475 mg P/l
0,0
100,0
200,0
300,0
400,0
500,0
600,0
700,0
0,0 100,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0
total P added mg P / kg
tota
l P a
dsor
bed
mg
P / k
g
150 mg P/l
0,0
200,0
400,0
600,0
800,0
1000,0
1200,0
1400,0
0,0 200,0 400,0 600,0 800,0 1000,0 1200,0 1400,0
total P added mg P / kg
tota
l P a
dsor
bed
mg
P / k
gmaximum adsorption capacity = 0.67 mgP/g
Langmuir = 0.78 mgP/g
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Phosphorus
Z. Tong, et al. (1996)
Tota
l Met
al m
g/g
Ca
mg/
g
P-s
orpt
ion
mg
P/g
Filtralite 589 310LECA 226 85Argex 0-4 213 14
2.210.5650.781
Arkansas LW 140 12 0.037
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
PhosphorusLineair Langmuir plot:
Argex with Fe2O3 and without Fe2O3
b = 0.84 mgP/g b = 0.43 mgP/g
R2 = 0,9624
R2 = 0,9943
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 200,00 250,00 300,00 350,00 400,00
Ce
Ce/
q
with Fe2O3
without Fe2O3
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Phosphorus
Adsorption tests max. adsorption capacity = 0.4 mgP/g
Lineair Freundlich plot: Lava 2/12
log q = log kf + log Ce1n
R2 = 0,9609
-1,6
-1,4
-1,2
-1
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
00 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
log Ce (mg P/l)
log
q (
mg
P/g)
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
PhosphorusFreundlich isotherm:
0.914.810.22Argex 0-40.961.620.008Lava 2/12
R2nkf
log q = log kf + log Ce1n
Langmuir isotherm: Ce/q = Ce/b + 1/a.b
0.950.782Argex 0-40.720.410Lava 2/12
R2b
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
NitrogenExperiment 1: 45 mgN/l - 50 l/m².d
Results after 6 months:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700in ou
t in out in out
mgN
/kg
Ammonium mgN/kg Nitrate mgN/kg
Argex 0-4 Lava 2/12 Lava 8/16
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
NitrogenExperiment 1 16 weeks from the start
Nitrate concentration mgN/l
0
20
40
60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
days
mgN
/l
Influent effluent Argex 0-4 effluent Lava 2/12
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
in outAmmoni um mgN/ k g Ni t r a t e mgN/ k g
Argex 0-4
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
NitrogenDuring nitrification:
Nitrogen mass balance mgN/kg Lava 8/16Influent
49%51%
Ammonium Nitrate
Nitrogen mass balance mgN/kg Lava 8/16Effluent
15%
52%
33%
Ammonium Nitrate nitrate nitrification
Nitrogen mass balance mgN/kg Lava 2/12Influent
48%52%
Ammonium Nitrate
Nitrogen mass balance mgN/kg Lava 2/12Effluent
10%
54%
36%
Ammonium Nitrate nitrate nitrification
Nitrogen mass balance mgN/kg Argex 0-4Influent
49%51%
Ammonium Nitrate
Nitrogen mass balance mgN/kg Argex 0-4Effluent
31%
53%
16%
Ammonium Nitrate nitrate nitrification
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
NitrogenExperiment :
Nitrate in effluent (cumulated)
0100200300400500600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
days
mg
N
Influent Lava 2/12 Lava 2/12 boiled Lava 2/12 ATU
Lava 2/12: + 45 ppm N (NH4NO3) Lava 2/12 washed with boiling water: + 45 ppm N (NH4NO3) Lava 2/12: + 45 ppm N (NH4NO3) + AllylThioUrea (nitrificationinhibitor)
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Nitrogen
Experiment 3: Total Nitrogen removal
36.5Lava + ATU12.7Lava (boiled)4.6Lava
% removal
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Nitrogen
Adsorption tests
Argex 0-4: Ammonium: no adsorptionLava 2/12: Ammonium: adsorption capacity 0.15 mgN/g
Argex 0-4: Nitrate: adsorption capacity 0.10 mgN/g
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Conclusions• Argex P-adsorption
• In a constructed wetland?
• Quality ?
• Lava rock: Nitrification in a multi-stage system
Rob Van Deun - Mia Van Dyck KHKempen, Geel, Belgium
Thank you!!!
AKNOWLEDGMENTS• Supported by the Flemish Ministry for Economy, Enterprise, Science, Innovation and Foreign Trade;• Argex nv, Kruibeke, Belgium;• Dockx en Co nv, Mechelen, Belgium• KVLT, Geel, Belgium