Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiteriss.ae.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/RASC-AL-Forum... · windows. Illinois Space Society 11 SatServ Two robotic arms Autonomous

Illinois Space Society 1

Expandable Commercially-Enabled Habitable Orbiter

Rachel Di Bartolomeo, Katherine Carroll, Iaroslav Ekimtcov, Destiny Fawley, Brian Hardy, Guangting Lee, Courtney Leverenz, Richard Mannion, Ryan

Noe, Erik Nord, Benjamin O’Hearn, Joshua Pilat, Brandon Sowinski

ECHO


Overview

Development Timeline

Program Budget

LEO Habitat Layout

Satellite Servicing

LEO Habitat Subsystems

– ECLSS

– GN&C, Communications

– Thermal

– Power

ECHO-Mars Variant

– Configurations

– Subsystem Overview


Timeline


Launch Schedule

ECHO Launch & Assembly Schedule, Beginning January 2022

Launch Vehicle

[3] [4] [5]

First Launch

DateCycle (Month) Purpose Consumables (kg)

Water

(kg)

Misc.

(kg)

Delta IV-Heavy Jan. ‘22 1-Time ECHO + 2 ISPRs 500 2000 1600

Falcon + Dragon2 Feb. ‘22 1-Time Initial 4 Crew 50 50 0

Atlas V 401+ EnhCyg Mar. ‘22 1-Time Initial Resupply 2500 200 800

Falcon + Dragon2 Jul. ‘22 6 4 Crew 50 50 0

Atlas V 401+ EnhCyg Nov. ‘22 9 Resupply 2150 350 1000

Falcon + DragonMar. ‘23

1-Time 4 ISPRs + 2 EERs

4ISPR+Research0 0 3310

Falcon + Dragon Apr. ‘23 1-Time 2 ISPRs + 2 EERs 0 1000 2310

Falcon 9 Dec. ‘23 1-Time SatServ-1 0 0 0

Atlas V 401 + Cygnus Dec. ‘24 36 Fuel Resupply 0 0 0

Falcon 9 Dec. ‘25 1-Time SatServ-2 0 0 0


Business Model

$-

$200.00

$400.00

$600.00

$800.00

$1,000.00

$1,200.00

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037

Mill

ion

s o

f D

olla

rs

Years

ECHO Program Budget by Category

ECHO Development ECHO Launch SatServ Development SatServ Launch

Resupply - Cargo Resupply - Fuel Crew Launch Installation


Business Model

$0.00

$200.00

$400.00

$600.00

$800.00

$1,000.00

$1,200.00

2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037

Expenditures and Revenues FY2017-FY2037 (Millions)

(70%/30% Cost Distribution)

NASA Commercial ECHO Income

$0.00

$200.00

$400.00

$600.00

$800.00

$1,000.00

$1,200.00

$1,400.00

2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037



NASA Commercial ECHO Income

NASA Cost: $6,209 Million

Commercial Cost: $6,150M

Total Revenue: $10,050M

Net Profit: $3,900M

NASA Cost: $2,200Million

Commercial Cost: $10,159M

Total Revenue: $13,810M

Net Profit: $3,651MPros Cons

Highest Net Profit NASA covers more

NASA 2023-2037 than half

Pros Cons

NASA pays a fraction Commercial difficulty

High profit NASA 2023-2029


Exterior Ports


LEO Habitat Layout

Lower Section: hygiene, exercise, EVA suit storage, observation windows


LEO Habitat Layout

Central Section: living quarters,

consumables storage, food preparation,

general storage


LEO Habitat Layout

Upper Section: ISPR racks, observation windows


SatServ

Two robotic arms

Autonomous computer systems

Solar electric propulsion

Service up to four satellites in GEO

Tasks:

– Battery replacement

– Electronics upgrades

– Hydrazine refueling


LEO Mass and Power Budget

ECHO Subsystem Mass (kg) Power (kW)

Payload 2,100 2.55

ECLSS 6,321 5.32

Structures 13,250 0.75

Attitude Det. & Control 41 0.18

Communications/Data Handling 507 0.70

Thermal 1,600 0.55

Power 658 0

Propulsion 300 0

Fluids 3,416 0

Additional Equipment (Launched Separately) 12,232 8

Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 46,489 20.76


ECLSS-ECHO

Food– Require 1.83 kg per crew member per day

– Total food with 30% margin needed annually: 3,476kg

Water– Require 8.42 kg per crew member per day

– Water recycle system recovers 93%

– Total water with 30% margin needed annually: 1,116kg

Effects of microgravity– 1.5% loss of bone and muscle mass every 6 months

– ARED, stationary bicycle and COLBERT treadmill on board

– Daily exercise sessions and vitamin supplements

Systems based off ISS– Temperature and Humidity Control

– Atmospheric Control

– Fire Suppression


GN&C And Communications

GN&C

Attitude detection

– Rigel-L Star Tracker

– Sun Sensor

– Horizon Tracker

– Accelerometer

Attitude control/propulsion

– CMGs (4)

– Hydrazine Thrusters

Communications

CSX-1000 transceiver

Non-parabolic antennas

– 12 GHz Ku-band

– 50 Mbps

– 10 dB link, 3.6 dB margin

Redundant S-band system


Thermal Management

Room Temperature: 21 – 24 ˚C

Maximum power input: 38.5 kW

Power emissions: -31.5 kW

Thermal Requirement: 7.0 kW

Radiator Area: 49.5 m2

Heaters present throughout module to maintain room temperature and equipment operating temperature


Solar Panels

Spectrolab XTJ Prime Triple Junction Solar Cells

– End-of-life efficiency of 26.7%

– Supply 44.5 kW to subsystems and batteries

– 189 m2 required

Saft VL48E Li-Ion batteries

– 100,000 charge/discharge cycles

– 25% end-of-life depth of discharge

– 105 Wh/kg

– 4 batteries for 12,400 Wh


ECHO-Mars Variant


Habitat Flexibility

Flexible to Mars Mission Architecture

Chem. Prop. Vs. Hybrid SEP

Artificial Gravity Capability with Chem. Prop.

– 12,800 kg counterweight

– 194 m cables for 0.38 g


ECHO-MV Subsystem Upgrades

Power

– 232 m2 solar arrays

– Advanced Li-Ion batteries

Communications

– 8.45 GHz X-band frequency

– 3.8 m parabolic antenna

ECLSS systems on next slide


ECLSS Upgrades

Redundancies

– Systems not requiring redundancies

• Oxygen and Water. Crew will have enough time to repair these systems if something occurs

– Systems requiring redundancies

• Carbon dioxide and Humidity. Crew will use redundant system while fixing main system

Radiation Shielding

– B-330 walls coated with polyethylene. Will provide 10 g/cm2 of protection

– Two crew quarters will receive an extra 10 g/cm2 coating

– This amount of shielding adheres to the short-term dose limits

Organ 30 Day Limit 1 Year Limit

Eye 1.0 Gy-Eq 1.5 Gy-Eq

Skin 2.0 3.0

BFO 0.25 0.5


ECLSS & Consumables

Consumables

– Total food with 30% margin required: 10,473 kg

– Total water with 30% margin required: 3,363 kg

Effects of microgravity

– Same exercise devices on board as ECHO.

– Artificial gravity will be considered.

Consequences of long duration space travel

– Crew concerns- isolation, fatigue, and strained relationships

– Requires maintenance and repair

• Maintenance and repair

– Intention to utilize 3D printing to print parts

– Increase commonality between parts in the ECLSS systems


ECHO-MV Power and Mass Budget

ECHO Subsystem Mass (kg) Power (kW)

Payload 2,100 2.55

ECLSS 6,904 5.32

Structures 12,750 0.75

Attitude Det. & Control 40 0.11

Communications/Data Handling 143 1.3

Thermal 1,600 0.55

Power 658 0

Propulsion 300 0

Fluids 2,916 0

Artificial Gravity Options 2,182 0

Additional Equipment (Launched Separately) 19,636 6

Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 56,614 12.17


Conclusions

Expanded commercial operations in LEO

Allows cost-effective GEO satellite servicing

Enables NASA to focus on new missions

Dual mission capabilities

Flexible Mars Mission Habitat

Questions?


Additional Slides


SatServ Graphs


Structural Analysis


ECHO LEO Refueling Craft

Cygnus-derived

Capacity

– 1,500 kg Tetroxide/Monomethyl hydrazine

– 2,000 kg SatServ Krypton


ECHO LEO Mass and Power


ECHO LEO Mass and Power


ECHO –MV Interior Layout


ECHO-MV Launch Fairing


ECHO Launch Mass

Ma

ss

(kg)

Po

w

er

(kW

)

TRL

Continued Launch Mass

Ma

ss

(kg)

Po

w

er

(kW

)

TRL

Payload Thermal [34]

(1) RMS [35] 500 0.55 8-9 (2) Radiator Assemblies 750 0 9

(2) ISPRs 1,600 2.0 9 Passive Thermal Con. System 50 0 9

ECLSS Active Thermal Con. System [25] 800 0.55 9

Air Revitalization [12] 447 2.6 9 Power

Temp/Humidity Control [12] 137 2.2 9 (2) XTJ Prime Solar Arrays 200 0 9

Radiation Shielding [36]

http://rascal.nianet.org/wp-

content/uploads/2015/07/MIT_2

016-RASC-AL-Technical-

Report.pdf

2,478

.

0 9 (4) VL48E Li-Ion Batteries 458 0 9

Fire Detect./Suppression [12] 17 0.02 9 Propulsion

Crew Cabin 260 0 9 Bipropellant Hydrazine Thrusters 100 0 9

Water Recovery [13] 734 0.5 9 Propellant Storage System 200 0 9

(1) Treadmill [16] 998 0 9 Fluids

(1) Exercise Bike [16] 250 0 9 ECHO Dual Fuel (MMH/NTO) 1,500 0 9

(1) ARED Device [15] 1,000 0 9 SatServ Propellant Storage 500 0 9

Structures Water/Ammonia Coolant [25] 300 0 9

Central Structure 5,000 0 7 Potable Water [37] 1,116 0 9

Expandable Exterior 4,000 0 7 Launch Totals 27,129 10.88

(2) NDS Mechanism+CBM [38] 1,250 0.50 7 Additional Equipment (Launched Separate)

EVA Airlock/Gas Storage 3,000 0.25 9 (6) ISPRs 4,800 6 9

Attitude Det. & Control Food (Annual,1.83 kg/day/person) 3,476 0 9

(4) CMG [23] 32 0.08 9 Water (Annual) 1,116 0 9

(2) Star Tracker [19] 4.4 0.016 9 (4) EERs 1,600 2 9

(2) Sun Sensor [20] 0.42 0.0002 9 (4) EVA Suits 240 0 9

(2) Accelerometer [22] 2.6 0.008 9 Repair Tools and ORUs 1,000 0

Horizon Tracker [21] 1.5 0.001 9 Equipped Orbiting Total 39,361 18.88

Communications/Data Handling

(2) Antenna (Ku) and Radio [39] 207 0.1 9 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 43,297 20.77

(1) Non-Par. 6 dB Gain Antenna 200 0.1 9

Data Bus Architecture 100 0.5 9

ECHO Launch Mass

Ma

ss

(kg)

Po

w

er

(kW

)

TRL

Continued Launch Mass

Ma

ss

(kg)

Po

w

er

(kW

)

TRL

Payload Thermal [34]

(1) RMS [35] 500 0.55 8-9 (2) Radiator Assemblies 750 0 9

(2) ISPRs 1,600 2.0 9 Passive Thermal Con. System 50 0 9

ECLSS Active Thermal Con. System [25] 800 0.55 9

Air Revitalization [12] 447 2.6 9 Power

Temp/Humidity Control [12] 137 2.2 9 (2) XTJ Prime Solar Arrays 200 0 9

Radiation Shielding [36]

http://rascal.nianet.org/wp-

content/uploads/2015/07/MIT_2

016-RASC-AL-Technical-

Report.pdf

2,478

.

0 9 (4) VL48E Li-Ion Batteries 458 0 9

Fire Detect./Suppression [12] 17 0.02 9 Propulsion

Crew Cabin 260 0 9 Bipropellant Hydrazine Thrusters 100 0 9

Water Recovery [13] 734 0.5 9 Propellant Storage System 200 0 9

(1) Treadmill [16] 998 0 9 Fluids

(1) Exercise Bike [16] 250 0 9 ECHO Dual Fuel (MMH/NTO) 1,500 0 9

(1) ARED Device [15] 1,000 0 9 SatServ Propellant Storage 500 0 9

Structures Water/Ammonia Coolant [25] 300 0 9

Central Structure 5,000 0 7 Potable Water [37] 1,116 0 9

Expandable Exterior 4,000 0 7 Launch Totals 27,129 10.88

(2) NDS Mechanism+CBM [38] 1,250 0.50 7 Additional Equipment (Launched Separate)

EVA Airlock/Gas Storage 3,000 0.25 9 (6) ISPRs 4,800 6 9

Attitude Det. & Control Food (Annual,1.83 kg/day/person) 3,476 0 9

(4) CMG [23] 32 0.08 9 Water (Annual) 1,116 0 9

(2) Star Tracker [19] 4.4 0.016 9 (4) EERs 1,600 2 9

(2) Sun Sensor [20] 0.42 0.0002 9 (4) EVA Suits 240 0 9

(2) Accelerometer [22] 2.6 0.008 9 Repair Tools and ORUs 1,000 0

Horizon Tracker [21] 1.5 0.001 9 Equipped Orbiting Total 39,361 18.88

Communications/Data Handling

(2) Antenna (Ku) and Radio [39] 207 0.1 9 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 43,297 20.77

(1) Non-Par. 6 dB Gain Antenna 200 0.1 9




ECHO-MV Launch

Mass

Mass

(kg)

Power

(kW)

TRL

Payload

(1) RMS [35]500 0.55 8

(2) ISPRs 1,600 2.0 9

ECLSS

Air Revitalization 447 2.6 9

Temp/Hum. Control 137 2.2 9

Radiation Shielding 3,839 0 4

Fire

Detection/Suppression17 .02 9

Crew Cabin 260 0 9

Water Recovery 734 0.5 9

(1)Treadmill 220 0 9

(1) Exercise Bike 250 0 9

(1) ARED Device 1,000 0 9

Structures

Central Structure 5,000 0 7

Expandable Exterior 4,000 0 7

(1) NDS Mechanism 500 0.25 7

(1) CBM 250 0.25 9

EVA Airlock/Gas Storage 3,000 0.25 9

ECHO-MV Launch

Mass

Mass

(kg)

Powe

r

(kW)

TR

L

Attitude Det. & Control

(4) CMG 32 0.08 9

Star Tracker 4.4 0.016 9

Sun Sensor 0.21 0.0002 9

Accelerometer 2.6 0.008 9

Communications/Data

Handling

(2) Radio Transceiver 20 0.2 9

(1) 3.8m Parabolic

Antenna17 0.1 9


X-Band GaN Solid State

Power Amplifier5.6 0.5 9



Continued Launch Mass Mass

(kg)

Power

(kW)

TRL

Thermal

(2) Radiator Assemblies 750 0 9

Passive Thermal Con.

System

50 0 9

Active Thermal Con.

System

800 0.55 9

Power

(2) XTJ Prime Solar

Arrays

200 0 9

(4) Li-Ion Batteries 458 0 6

Propulsion

Bipropellant Hydrazine

Thrusters

100 0 9

Propellant Storage System 200 0 9

Fluids

ECHO Dual Fuel

(MMH/NTO)

1,500 0 9

Water/Ammonia Coolant 300 0 9

Potable Water(93%

Recycle Rate)

1,116 0 9

Continued Launch Mass Mass

(kg)

Power

(kW)

TRL

Artificial Gravity

Options

(12) Kevlar Tether Cables 24.76 0 4

(12) Winch/Attachments 434.94 0 4

Fuel for spin up/down

cycles

1,722 0 9

Launch Totals 29,591 10.57

Launch Totals +30%

Margin

Additional Equipment

(Launched Separate)

(4) ISPRs 3,200 4 9

Food (Annual,1.83

kg/day/person)

10,473 0 9

Water (Annual) 3,363 0 9

(4) EERs 1,600 2 9

Repair Tools and ORUs 1,000 0 9

Equipped Orbiting Total 49,228 16.57

Orbiting Total + 30%

Margin

63,996 21.55


Business Model Additional

$88.07

$180.09

$3.54

$9.97 $3.64 $6.21

Production Cost (Millions)LEO variant

ECLSS Structures Attitude Control

Communications Thermal Control Power

$644.35

$394.55

$5.87

$15.02 $9.64 $29.77

Design & Development Cost (Millions)

Mars Version



$144.42

$180.09

$3.43 $9.97 $3.64 $6.21

Production Cost (Millions)Mars Version



$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900



NASA Commercial partner(s) ECHO Income

Documents

Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiteriss.ae.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/RASC-AL-Forum... · windows. Illinois Space Society 11 SatServ Two robotic arms Autonomous