ExecutiveSummary · i ExecutiveSummary 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ThisSchedule2EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)Reporthasbeenprepared for The Proposed “Penambakan Kawasan Laut Seluas

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Executive Summary

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This Schedule 2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report has been prepared

for The Proposed “Penambakan Kawasan Laut Seluas 400 Ekar Untuk

Cadangan Pembangunan Bercampur-Campur, Kawasan Bandar XLVI, Daerah

Melaka Tengah, Melaka Secara Penswastaan” for Messrs. Yayasan Melaka.

1.2 The proposed Project is a prescribed activity that falls under Activity 7(a) i.e. coastal

reclamation or land reclamation along river banks involving an area of 50 hectares or

more in the Second Schedule, Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities)

(Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015. The Project initiator is required

to prepare and submit an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report to ensure the

Environmental Impact Assessment is undertaken, consonant with the protocols

established by the Director General of the Department of Environment (DOE),

Malaysia. With reference to the Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Melaka Tengah 2015,

Rancangan Struktur Negeri Melaka 2035 and Laporan Cadangan Pemajuan (LCP)

prepared by the appointed project planner, the proposed project is in line with the

State Planning.

1.3 The proposed project is initiated by Yayasan Melaka. Any enquiries regarding the

project may be directed to:

YAYASAN MELAKA

No.40 - 48 & 52, Jalan BKD 27,

Taman Bukit Katil Damai 2,

75450 Bukit Katil, Melaka, Malaysia

(Attn: En. Ahamad Kamel bin Ismail)

Tel / Fax : 06-2311822 / 06-2311307

1.4 An environmental study team comprising of multi-discipline specialists has been

appointed to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study. The team

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will be led by Mr. Gopinath Nagaraj, an EIA Consultant registered with the

Department of Environment (DOE Reg. No. CS0474). Enquiries and correspondence

pertaining to this report can be made to:

CIRI SELASIH SDN. BHD. (Co. Reg. No.: 592462-V)

No. 40, Jalan TU 40,

Taman Tasik Utama,

75450 Ayer Keroh, Melaka.

(Attn : Datuk Ir. Othman Abdul Rahim)

Tel : 06 – 253 4005

Fax : 06 – 231 0895

E-mail : [email protected]

1.5 Table 1 shows the list of team members who are involved in the EIA study.

mailto:[email protected]

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Table 1 : List of EIA Team Members

Name QualificationRegistration With DOE Proposed Study

AreaCategory Area/ Field ID. No. Valid DateEIA TEAM LEADERGopinath Nagaraj Certificate in Fish

Hatchery Management,BSc (Aquatic Biology),Master in Aquaculture

EIA Consultant Fisheries EcologicalStudies(Marine &FreshwaterEcology)

Aquaculture

CS0474 31 May 2021 Fisheries &Aquaculture

EIA CONSULTANT / SUBJECT CONSULTANTDatuk Ir. Othmanbin Abdul Rahim

B.Sc (Hons) CivilEngineering

Professional Engineerwith the Board ofEngineers (BEM)

EIA Consultant Hydrology Water Quality

C0006 31 July 2019(in renewalprocess)

Hydrology Water Quality ConstructionActivities

Puvanesuri SanderaSagaren

Master of EnvironmentB.Sc (Hons.) AquaticBiology

EIA Consultant EcologicalStudies(Freshwater &MarineEcology)

Fisheries &Aquaculture

CS0956 30 November2020

Aquatic Ecology

Ms. Ng Shu Chin M.Sc (Sanitary andEnvironmentalEngineering), Certified

EIA Consultant Hydrology Water Quality

C0270 31 July 2019(in renewalprocess)

Water Quality

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Name QualificationRegistration With DOE Proposed Study

AreaCategory Area/ Field ID. No. Valid DateProfessional in Erosion& Sediment Control(CPESC No. 6585)

Prof. Dr. MohdShahwahid HajiOthman

BS (Forestry), MA(Economics), MS(Resource Management& Policy), PhD(Resource Management& Policy)

SubjectConsultant

EconomicValuation /EconomicAnalysis

Social ImpactAssessment

SS0523 9 April 2021 Social ImpactAssessment

EconomicValuation

Prof. Dr. Capt.Mohd Ibrahim Hj.Mohamed

PhD (Marine),M.(Marine Affairs)

SubjectConsultant

MaritimeStudies

MarineStudies

SS1054 31 March2020

Marine TrafficAssessment

EIA ASSISTANTNorhayati Sabudin B.Sc (Fishery Science) Assistant

Consultant Ecological

Studies(Marine &FreshwaterEcology)

Aquaculture

AC1050 Notapplicable

Fisheries &Aquaculture

Faizah bintiOthman

B. Eng (Hons)(ChemicalEngineering)

AssistantConsultant

WaterQuality

Wastewater Chemical &

IndustrialProcesses

AC1321 Notapplicable

Hydrology Water Quality ConstructionActivities

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2.0 TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

2.1 The TOR of the project has been submitted to Department of Environment (DOE)

Putrajaya. The TOR has been endorsed on 3rd September 2018.

2.2 The potential impacts to be studied and detailed out in the EIA report are Erosion of

coastal / reclaimed banks, hydrological regime, solid waste, scheduled waste, water

quality, air quality, noise level, land traffic, marine traffic, socio-economy, aquatic

environment, fisheries and aquaculture, and abandonment. The landuse surrounding

the project shall cover a radius of 5km from the project site. The study shall also cover

the impact from the project to the neighbouring area / activities as well as the impact

from the neighbouring area / activities to the project.

2.3 The methodologies and assessment standards that is used to assess the potential

impacts as mentioned in the TOR are summarised in Table 2.

Table 2: Summary of Assessment Standards & Methodologies

No. Items Assessment Standards & Methodologies1. Landuse,

Topography &GeologicalCharacter andMeteorology

Site visit. Secondary resources (topography maps, Google Earth / Map,

Local Plans etc.) Meteorological data from Batu Berendam Meteorological

Station. Study on the geology of the site will only be done using

secondary resources. However, registered geologists havealready been appointed by the Civil Engineering consultant tostudy the settlement behaviour of the reclaimed land. This moredetail study shall be done later during the Soil Investigation (SI)and is not part of the EIA Study. The appointed registeredgeologists for the proposed project are Muhammad Farhad binRamli (Contact No.: 012-3790384) and Muhamad Aidil binMustafa (Contact No.: 017-3966732).

2. Coastal Erosion& Hydrology

Site visit. Secondary resources (topography maps, Google Earth / Map,

Local Plans,Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA) etc.) Hydraulic study findings.

3. Solid Waste & DOE and SWCorp guidelines / regulations.

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No. Items Assessment Standards & MethodologiesScheduled Waste

4. Water QualityAssessment

Sets of water samples taken will be used as reference toestablish the baseline profiles.

Parameter analysed will be based on Malaysia Marine WaterQuality Criteria and Standard (MWQCS) and National WaterQuality Standard For Malaysia (NWQSM).

Calculation of Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) to indicatethe classes of existing marine water quality.

5. Air quality Data collection i.e. air quality sampling. The measurement ofTotal Suspended Particulate (TSP) shall be carried out inaccordance to the ASTM D4096 method.

The monitoring results will then be compared to the standard asspecified in Malaysian Recommended Environmental AirQuality Guidelines.

6. Noise level Data collection i.e. noise level measurement. The parameters tobe tested include Leq, LMax LMin and LN of the A – weightedsound level. The results will then be compared with thestandard as specified in Schedule 1 in Annex A of The PlanningGuidelines For Environmental Noise Limits and Control.

7. Land traffic Traffic count survey will be conducted to determine the existingtraffic volume and to analyse the road capacity nearby theproject site.

8. Marine traffic Site visit Primary and secondary data collection including vessel traffic

data, type of vessel and traffic density data, vessel traffic inrelated ports and harbours, fishing traffic and vessel accidentdata.

Data analysis of marine vessel activity along route, trafficvolume, vessel traffic volume for the past 5 years (if available).

9. Social ImpactAssessment(SIA)

Site visit Involve both secondary data and surveys to be conducted to

identify the key stakeholders and their socio-economic profileas well as to gather their initial feedback, opinions or viewsabout the development proposal.

Public Stakeholders Consultation Meetings with targeted groupsvia public meetings and discussions will also be conducted aspart of the study.

Secondary resources to be used to study health impacts.10. Aquatic

Environment,Fisheries andAquaculture

Site appreciation. Primary data collection including assessment of:

- Marine biological resources (plankton, macrobenthic, fishfauna and coral reefs)

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No. Items Assessment Standards & Methodologies- Coastal vegetation particularly mangroves- Marine fauna particularly turtle landings- Capture fisheries, aquaculture and recreational fisheries

Meeting and discussion with officers from Melaka StateDepartment of Fisheries.

Secondary data collection from various sources, includingliterature review of existing data, reports (published andunpublished), records and other secondary sources with respectto the study area.

3.0 STATEMENT OF NEED

3.1 The economic growth rate for Melaka was recorded at 8.1% in 2017 which was more

than the national Growth Domestic Product (GDP) of 5.9%. In line with the economic

growth, demand for mixed developments in Melaka is expected to be robust,

underpinned by new township developments. To meet the demand for sea front land

for commercial and tourism development, the Melaka coastline has been extensively

reclaimed in a belt from Tanjung Kling in the north to Kg. Portugis in the south of the

city centre primarily in around Melaka city and its northern fringes (up to Sg. Lereh).

3.2 The southern fringes of the city beyond Padang Temu, however, have not enjoyed a

similar development scenario and remain largely rural. Thus the communities have

not seen the same level of economic development as in the north of Melaka City.

Given the continuing demand for sea front land for tourism and commercial activity,

it is inevitable that much of this would now have to be on the southern fringes of

Melaka City.

3.3 The reclamation is expected to spur development areas in the southern fringes of the

Melaka Tengah district, which is currently primarily rural. In addition to spurring the

economy of the State, the proposed project is expected to generate more business

opportunities which will enhance the economic value of the State and will benefit the

local populace. The proposed project has been conceived to achieve the following

objectives :-

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a) To provide a new additional land for the purpose of development;

b) To create employment opportunities which will benefit the local populace;

c) To generate higher income to the State.

4.0 PROJECT OPTION

4.1 The project options which have been taken into consideration for this project are no-

project option, sand source option, structural measures for coastal protection option,

reclamation method.

4.2 In general, the criteria used to select the most suitable site are as follows:

Table 3: Site Selection Criteria

No. Reference Evaluation Factors Deliberation1. National

Physical Plan,StructuralPlan, LocalPlan

Sensitive areas There is presence of mangroves atthe northeastern part of the site.

Coastal erosion The project site is located within anarea with medium rate of coastalerosion.

2. Akta WarisanKebangsaan2005

Protected zones The project site is not locatedwithin the protected zone underAkta Warisan Kebangsaan 2005.Nevertheless, it is situated nearPulau Besar (within 5km radiusfrom the project site) which is aprotected zone.(Remarks: Jabatan WarisanNegara (JWN) requires the projectproponent to conduct multibeamsurvey, sub-bottom profile surveyand magnetometer survey beforethe commencement of the physicalworks at site. The writtencomments from JWN are availablein Appendix III of the EIA ).

3. RancanganFizikal ZonPersisiranPantai Negara2010

Turtle landing spot,coral reef, seagrass

The project site is not locatedwithin any turtle landing spot, coralreef and seagrass area.

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Based on the evaluation above, the project site can be considered as acceptable.

However, proper mitigation measures have to be made available to ensure minimal

impact to the environment.

4.3 No-Project option mainly examines the social, economical and environmental aspects

that may be derived from the proposed project. The comparison of “No – Project”

option and “With – Project” option is summarised in Table 4.

Table 4: Comparison Of “No – Project” and “With – Project” Options

No No – Project Option With – Project Option1. No new reclaimed land. A reclaimed land will be established to

cater for commercial / tourism etc.development.

2. No income to the State. Higher income to the State derived fromtaxation of land and business activities onthe reclaimed land.

3. Existing noise level remains thesame.

Noise levels will increase due to anincrease in vehicular traffic duringconstruction and urbanisation aftercompletion.

4. Existing ambient air quality willremain the same.

Short-term increase of suspendedparticulate during the construction andincrease of air pollutants due tourbanisation, viz., additional vehiclevolume and population.

5. Marine water quality remains thesame.

Marine water quality will decrease duringreclamation works. Nevertheless, theimpact can be controlled with propermitigation measures.

6. Marine ecology at the proposedarea remains the same.

Some impacts on the marine ecology of thesite are expected to happen.

7. Socio-economy of the arearemains the same.

The development will generate increasedbusiness and employment that will benefitthe regional economy and local populace.

4.4 There are two sand source options which can be considered i.e. getting the sand from

an onshore location or sand sourced from offshore. The nearest onshore sand source

in Melaka can be found at the outskirt of Melaka Tengah, at the central part of Melaka,

which is quite far from the project site. Getting the fill material from this area will

involve long-distance haulage activities and it is expected that 567,000 trips are

required to bring the total amount of sand needed to reclaim the entire site.

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As for offshore sand source, the nearest sand source area is located

approximately 16.5km seaward to the southwest of the project site and the sand

mining concessionaire for this area happens to be the project proponent i.e. Yayasan

Melaka. This sand source area is believed to be able to provide 18,000m3 of sand per

day. Since more sand can be transported from this area to the project site daily,

shorter time for haulage activities can be expected. Due to the nearer location and

shorter haulage distance and time, it is only wise to choose the offshore sand source

for the proposed project.

4.5 There are a few structural measures for coastal protection option i.e. groyne, seawall,

offshore breakwater, artificial headland and rock revetment. For this project, rock

revetment is chosen as the coastal protection.

4.6 There are a number of available reclamation methods, depending upon suitability of

fill material, sand source location, availability of equipment etc. Some of the

reclamation method options are dry method, hydraulic reclamation (direct dumping),

rehandling pit method, hydraulic filling and sand spreading. Based on the initial

information received from the project proponent, the reclamation method to be used

for the proposed project might consist of combinations of two or more methods

mentioned above. Detail reclamation method statement will be provided by the

appointed contractor and will be included in the EMP later.

5.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

5.1 The project is located at Kawasan Bandar XLVI, District of Melaka Tengah, Melaka.

The nearest landmark is Sekolah Henry Gurney, located at the northwest of the site.

Figure 1 shows the location of the project site. Yayasan Melaka intends to reclaim

400 acres (161.87 hectares) of the sea at the proposed location. The overall layout is

as shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 1: Location of the Project Site

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Figure 2: Project Layout

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5.2 The works that will be involved in realising the proposed project include pre-suvey

works and site preparation, land acquisition for access, environmental mitigation

works, reclamation works, revetment works and post survey works.

5.3 A total of about 17,000,000m3 of sand is anticipated to be required for the purpose of

reclaiming the 400-acre project. There are a number of marine sand mining areas in

Melaka. However, since the quantity of fill material needed for this project is quite

huge, it is important to identify suitable fill material supplier that can supply

17,000,000m3 of sand. In this case, the most suitable borrow area is located

approximately 16.5km offshore of the project site, as shown in Figure 3. Apparently,

the sand mining concessionaire for this borrow area is also the project proponent i.e.

Yayasan Melaka.

Figure 3: Sand Source Location

Based on the approval and permit for the sand mining activities at this borrow area (as

attached in Appendix X of the EIA), the total volume of sand to be mined at this area

is 30,000,000m3. This amount is sufficient to cater for the 17,000,000m3 needed to

reclaim the 400 acres project area. Details on the sand mining activity at the proposed

Project Site

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sand source area are available in the approved EIA report entitled “Permohonan

Melombong Pasir Di Bawah Seksyen 4 Akta Pelantar Benua 1966 P.U 2009 Oleh

Yayasan Melaka”. Based on the approved EIA, this sand source is capable of

providing about 18,000m3/day of sand.

5.4 The typical construction sequence for land reclamation works is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Sequence for Land Reclamation Works

5.5 The proposed project can be accessed via Jalan Melaka Muar.

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5.6 Due to the location of the site fronting the sea, the runoff from the project site will

directly flow into the Straits of Melaka. Permanent drainage system will only be

planned and implemented later once there is any proposed development on the

reclaimed land.

5.7 Water and electricity supply as well as telecommunication services will only be

estimated later for future development on top of the reclaimed land.

5.8 Waste i.e. solid waste, scheduled waste and wastewater can be expected during the

construction phase especially if there is any workers camp at site. No waste is

expected to be generated upon completion of the reclamation works.

5.9 The physical works at site is expected to commence at the end of 2019 after all

relevant approvals have been obtained. All the physical works at site are planned to be

completed within 24 months. A more detailed schedule will be provided later by the

appointed contractor.

6.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

6.1 The mean annual wind speed for Northeast monsoon and Southwest monsoon are

3.2m/s and 2.85m/s respectively. The wind direction for Northeast monsoon and

Southwest monsoon are Northwest and South respectively.

6.2 The mean annual wave heights for the Northeast monsoon and Southwest monsoon

are 0.17m and 0.14m respectively.

6.3 The tide at the project site is semi-diurnal, i.e. two high water levels and low water

levels in a tidal day with comparatively little diurnal inequality. The nearest standard

port from the project site is Tanjung Keling.

6.4 The meteorological data was obtained from Batu Berendam Airport Principal Station

(No. Station: 48665 – N 02°16', E 102°15') of the Malaysian Meteorological Service

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Department and from secondary resources. Based on the rainfall data from 1968 -

2014, the annual mean rainfall for Melaka is about 1,965.6mm with the annual mean

raindays of 171 days.

However, it is observed that there have been some changes to the weather pattern

within the past few years. Hence, it is wise that the latest weather conditions be

highlighted in this report. The meteorological data for the year 2015 to 2018 is

extracted from a secondary source. Based on the secondary source, the highest

average rainfall amount throughout the years is during November 2018 with an

average rainfall of 257.4mm, while the lowest average rainfall amount is during

February 2018 with an average rainfall amount of 15.24mm. The highest rainy day

amount is in May 2017 with 30 rain days, while the lowest rainy day amount is in

February 2018 with 10 rain days.

6.5 The current measurements were performed by two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers

(ADCP) deployed (Station 1 and Station 2). For Station 1, the recorded maximum

current speed is around 0.84 m/s, while the maximum current speed in Station 2 has

reached up to 0.92 m/s.

6.6 The water level were also measured by using the ADCP. The water level at Station 1

is between -0.96m to 1.14m, while the water level at Station 2 is between -0.99m to

1.14m.

6.7 The locations and results of the seabed sampling is shown in Figure 5.

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Rajah 5: The Locations and Results of the Seabed Sampling

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6.8 Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) sampling analysis were carried out at 20 locations.

Based on the sampling, the TSS at the project site range from 14mg/l to 62mg/l.

6.9 Coastal and river field sampling was conducted to collect seawater and river water to

determine the existing physico-chemical as well as biological characteristics of the

surrounding area of the project site. The field sampling was carried out from 25th to

26th October 2018. A total of thirteen (13) and six (6) sampling stations was

established for seawater and river water monitoring respectively. The details of the

sampling is as follow:

Table 5: Details of Water Quality Sampling

SamplingLocation Details of Sampling Coordinates

Seawater

WM1 1 depth ( 0-0.3m) during high tide and low tiderespectively

N 210’01.4”

E 10218’14.2”


N 209’49.1”

E 10218’42.4”


N 209’29.9”

E 10219’02.5”

WM4 3 depths (0-0.3m, 1m & 5m) during high tideand low tide respectively

N 208’53.0”

E 10219’12.6”


N 208’31.4”

E 10218’35.5”


N 209’07.4”

E 10220’05.8”


N 208’44.1”

E 10220’08.6”


N 207’52.9”

E 10220’31.9”


N 207’47.3”

E 10219’30.8”


N 207’03.9”

E 10219’32.0”

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SamplingLocation Details of Sampling Coordinates


N 208’56.1”

E 10220’34.6”


N 208’27.0”

E 10221’22.3”


N 207’56.1”

E 10221’31.5”

Stream Water

WR1 1 sample during high tide and low tiderespectively

N 210’19.5”

E 10218’29.0”


N 210’16.0”

E 10218’24.3”

WR3 1 sampleN 209’34.0”

E 10219’02.0”

WR4 1 sampleN 209’31.0”

E 10219’43.5”


N 209’22.4”

E 10220’11.1”


N 209’27.4”

E 10220’14.5”

The marine water quality and the river water quality surrounding the project site is

represented in Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) and Water Quality Index (WQI)

as shown in Chart 1 to Chart 4.

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Chart 1 : Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) – Top Layer of Seawater

Chart 2 : Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) – Middle Layer of Seawater

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Chart 3: Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) – Bottom Layer of Seawater

Chart 4: River Water Quality Index (WQI)

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The Malaysian Marine Water Quality Indices (MMWQI) denoted that the marine

water within 5 km radius of the project site were within Classes of Moderate to

Excellent under the Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (MMWQS).

In general, the river water quality in the Project vicinity was under the status of clean

to slight polluted except water quality at Parit I.S.K.K (WR3) which was polluted.

6.10 The baseline ambient air quality monitoring was carried out by a *SAMM accredited

laboratory which is Spectrum Laboratories Sdn. Bhd. (SAMM No.: 062) from 22nd

October 2018 to 28th October 2018. The parameter tested is Total Suspended

Particulate (TSP). Based n the sampling, the results obtained are well below the

Malaysia Recommended Air Quality Guidelines limit of 260 µg/m3 (24 hours

averaging time).

6.11 Noise level measurements were carried out at six (6) locations (N1 - N6) near to the

boundary of the Project. The parameters tested is LAeq. Based on the sampling, the

results show that the noise level that has exceeded the limit are at N1 during night

time and N4 and N5 during day time and night time.

6.12 The socio-economic study was conducted by relying on:

Analysing secondary data on the socio-economic and demographics of the

districts and mukim located within and surrounding the project site

Conducting a general community survey within the 5 km of Zone of Impact

(ZOI)

Detailed interview with local community leaders and Focus Group Discussion

(FGD) with relevant stakeholders.

The community survey was conducted on 2nd to 6th February 2018. The

respondents consisted of 241 local communities including 35 fishermen and 45

visitors/ tourists. The results of the community survey is tabulated in the following

table.

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Table 66: Socio-economics Characteristics of the Local Communities Surveyed%

Working HouseholdMembers

0 0.831 41.492 31.953 - 4 15.355 - 6 6.647 - 8 3.73

Occupation

Fishermen 18.26Businessmen 29.46Government employee 14.11Private sector employee 20.75Contractor 0.83Own employment 3.32Pensioner 7.47Children contribution & government / NGO welfare 2.90Student 0.41Unemployed 2.49

Personal IncomeLevel

<RM500 5.46RM501 - RM1,000 7.56RM1,001 - RM2,000 26.89RM2,001 - RM3,000 30.25RM3,001 - RM4,000 18.07RM4,001 - RM5,000 7.14RM5,001 - RM7,500 2.10RM7,501 - RM10,000 0.84RM10,001 - RM15,000 1.68

Household IncomeLevel

<RM500 1.24RM501 - RM1,000 1.66RM1,001 - RM2,000 11.20RM2,001 - RM3,000 22.41RM3,001 - RM4,000 26.14RM4,001 - RM5,000 17.01RM5,001 - RM7,500 12.03RM7,501 - RM10,000 5.81RM10,001 - RM15,000 1.66RM15,001 - RM20,000 0.00RM20,001 - RM30,000 0.83

Type of HouseOwnership

Own Home 75.10Rental Home 18.26Living in Family Home 2.07Government Quarters 4.56

Type of HouseLiving In

Single house / bungalow 75.10Terrace 18.26Shop Lot 2.07Government Quarters 4.56

Housing MaterialsBrick and cement 71.78Wood and cement 20.75Wood 7.47

Vehicle Ownership

Car 47.14Motorcycle 47.80Bicycle 3.96Trishaw 1.10

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6.13 The disease vector data at the surrounding of the project site is obtained from Pejabat

Kesihatan Daerah Melaka Tengah. The only disease vector recorded is dengue.

6.14 There is no maritime traffic in the Proposed Project area. The whole area is shallow.

During low tide, fishermen and villagers go to the site to collect shell fish for home

consumption and sale. The marine traffic concern are vessels from nearby jetties i.e.

Umbai Jetty and Anjung Batu Jetty which consist of ferries and speed boats that

provide services to and from Pulau Besar Melaka, and fishermen boats that call at

these jetties.

The project location is located approximately 25 km from Melaka Port, which is still

within Melaka Port limit. It was indicated that there will not be any impact of the

project activities to the port operation. The expected movement of 2 dredges and

barges per day will not cause any traffic congestion of the waterway. There is no

records of vessel accident in the area.

There are 892 of inshore fishermen from Melaka Tengah and Jasin area operating and

traversing the area to and from their fishing grounds and jetties. There are a total of

394 fishing vessels in the area. Their operation will be affected and their fishing

grounds will be curtailed by the reclamation operation.

6.15 The assessment for marine ecology, fisheries and aquaculture were conducted on

marine biological resources (plankton, macrobenthos, fish fauna) and marine habitats

(mangrove and coral reefs) within the impact zone (5km radius) of the proposed

project sites. relevant baseline information on fisheries and aquaculture activities

within the impact zone were also collected. The sampling locations is shown in

Figure 6 and the findings from the assessment is shown in Table 7.

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Figure 6: Sampling Location For Marine Ecology, Fisheries And Aquaculture

Assessment

Marine Biological Resources (Plankton, Macrobenthos, Zooplankton)Assessment Fish Fauna Assessment

Mangrove AssessmentCoral Reef Assessment

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Table 7: Finding Summary for the Assessment of Marine Ecology, Fisheries and

Aquaculture

No. Assessment Finding Summary1. Phytoplankton Mean Density: 51.26 cells/mL, ranged 11.56 – 180.58

cells/mL Diversity Index: ranged 0.34 – 1.77, 9 stations showed

low diversity pattern & 11 stations showed moderatediversity pattern

Dominant phylum: Bacillariophyta, 21 taxa - dominancyindicates good marine water quality

Abundant taxa: Nitzschia, mean density of 42.07±38.58cells/mL, ranged 1.00 - 161.74 cells/mL (found in allsurvey areas)

2. Zooplankton Mean Density: 30.16 ind./L, ranged 2.54 – 201.50 ind./L Diversity Index: ranged 1.10 – 2.09, most stations showed

moderate diversity pattern Dominant phylum: Arthropoda, 14 taxa Dominant group: Copepoda, 99.7% from Arthropoda,

commonly have wide distribution in seawater Abundant taxa: Eucalanus (Copepoda), common reported

in high abundance in Malaysian waters3. Macrobenthos Mean Density: 209 ind./m2, ranged 100 – 390 ind./m2

Diversity Index: ranged 1.17 – 2.23, most stations showedmoderate diversity pattern

Dominant phylum: Annelida & Arthropoda (Crustacea) –normal phenomenon for Malaysian coastal

Phylum Annelida: 16 families & 33 species, mostabundant Nephtyidae & Spionidae – known to have hightolerance to organic pollution & natural pertubation

Phylum Arthropoda (Crustacea): 6 orders, most abundantAmphipoda – sensitive to contaminants, pesticide &pollution

Mean density per area between Annelida & Arthropodashowed opposite trend, foreshore area receive daily inputsof land-based pollutant flows could be main reason forlower density in foreshore & within reclamation footprintarea during the study

4. Fish Fauna Most abundant: Demersal: Sciaenidae (25.4%)- common caught in

Malaysian waters Pelagic: Clupeidae (24.6%) –commonly form school in

coastal water Total individual: 153 (18 families, 28 species)

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No. Assessment Finding Summary Total weight caught: 11,220 g CPUE : No: 0.268 no./m2/hour Biomass: 19.684 g/m2/hour

5. Mangroves 14 families, 26 species Dominant family: Rhizophoraceae, 7 species Mainland coastal: No specific species zonation, seaward

dominated by archetypal true mangrove (Rhizophora,Avicennia & Sonneratia)

Islands (Pulau Besar): Rhizophora stylosa dominated Total: 1,401 mangrove trees, 782 saplings & 279 shrubs

recorded Presence of saplings = natural regeneration = restocking

of forest stands Mangrove tree: DBH (2 – 120cm), height (4 – 15m)

6. Coral Reef Hard coral – 26 species Abundant family: Faviidae (8 species) Commonly found within Melaka Straits Soft coral – 6 species Gorgonians - 8 species Degradation of coral reefs with sedimentation & covered

with sand and silt recorded at most transect lines The existing reef still considered rich & diverse, need to

ensure not to exacerbate current levels of degradation7. Turtle landing Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill Turtle/Penyu

Karah@Penyu Sisek) nest along the sandy beaches onMelaka coastline – 19 nesting sites

Main nesting season: April – October, peak during June –August

No landings recorded in areas within impact zone in 2017(Pulau Burong/Pulau Lalang)

Listed as Endangered in IUCN Red List

8. Marine capturefisheries

1) Fisherman population 2017 at Sg. Duyong, Alai, TelokMas, Umbai and Pantai Siring Total: 348 fishermen (Malay: 288, Chinese: 48, Indian: 2,

Others: 0)

2) Fishing vessels 2017 at Sg. Duyong, Alai, Telok Mas,Umbai and Pantai Siring

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No. Assessment Finding Summary Outboard powered vessel: 246 Inboard powered vessel: 30 Fishing gears used outboard & inboard vessels: drift nets,

long lines and portable traps Licensed fishing gear: 393 (drift net: 276, long lines: 96,

portable traps: 21) Push nets only for collecting live shrimps as fishing baits

(previously used to harvest Acetes shrimp) Major fish caught: Duri (Arius spp.), Gelama (Johnius

spp.), Pari (Himantura spp./ Gymnura spp./ Myliobatisspp./ Dasyatis spp.), Parang (Chirocentrus dorab) andTenggiri (Scomberomorus spp.)

9. Aquaculture Main aquaculture – mussel farming Area – Operation along the coastal area off Telok Mas to

Anjung Batu In 2017, 10 culturist with 10 farms (panggar), approx. 5

acres 1 panggar – at least 200 stilts Major species: Asean Green Mussel (Perna viridis) Production: Jan 2017 - April 2018, est. 9 tonnes

(RM57,600)

10. Recreationalfisheries

Study area – not commercially popular as recreationalfisheries hotspot but still have some activities

Angling activities:˗ Shore-based angling – use line casting˗ Boat-based angling – use trolling & line casting˗ Kelong-based angling – use line casting

Fishing Effort˗ Use model develop by Nagaraj et al. (2013) – taken

time input into account˗ Total fishing effort: 10,091 person-days per year˗ Total economic value: RM1.153 million/year

6.16 The existing traffic volume for the road network of the project site and the annual

traffic growth rate are sourced from the Road Traffic Volume Malaysia (RTVM) 2015,

acquired from Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia. The nearest census station selected

is MR 108 (Jalan Melaka-Muar).

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Based on the RTVM, the LOS at the traffic census station is F and it has exceeded the

acceptable limit of LOS D. The annual traffic growth rate is decreasing

7.0 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES

7.1 The Project activities expected to have potential impact on the environment were

broadly classified into four categories, viz., pre-construction, construction, post-

construction / post-reclamation and impacts arising from abandonment of the project.

The environmental components which are likely to induce potentially significant

impacts are identified for analysis, discussion and assessment. In arriving at decisions

on environmental impacts, the relevant guidelines published by the DOE were used

as references.

7.2 The potential significant impacts and mitigating measures are described in Table 8.

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Table 8: Potential Impact and Mitigating Measures

SignificantPotentialImpact

Magnitude of Significant Potential Impact Pollution Prevention and Mitigating Measures (P2M2) ReferencePage

Hydraulic andhydrodynamic

1) Impact on hydrodynamic condition

˗ Two different scenarios were selected under this studyto assess the impact of the proposed reclamation worksi.e. Scenario A – Baseline condition and Scenario B –with proposed reclamation.

˗ Impacts on current speed, water level, wave condition,and mud transport were assessed.

a) Impact on current speed Current speeds are mainly induced by the tidalforcing and the bathymetry characteristics as wellas by the wind action on the water surface.

In general, current speeds are lower in the shallowareas and the model prediction shows that themean difference read approximately -0.405m/sand maximum difference is 0.105m/s in thevicinity of the reclamation site

b) Impact on water level Based on the modelling done, it is evident that thechange in maximum water level is very minimal

c) Impact on wave condition Wave modelling was carried out for the existingcondition and different scenarios in this section.

Two different scenarios were carried out for thereclamation purposes.

1) During construction

˗ Installation of silt curtain

˗ Coastal monitoring programme

2) During post reclamation

˗ Coastal monitoring programme - to be conductedevery 6 months for 3 years period after thecompletion of the reclamation works

7-2 to 7-68-1 and 8-2

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The results indicate that wave heights rangesbetween 0.24m to 0.42m depending on the wavedirections

d) Impact on mud transport Impact on bed thickness change is assessed fortwo different scenarios.

The scenarios show the bed thickness change isonly between 0.0m/year to +0.04588m/year.

It is found that the project site may experienceminimal impact of erosion and deposition evenafter the reclamation has been completed.

It is clear from the model results that not muchimpact on the morphology of the area even withthe presence of the proposed reclaimed land

2) Sediment plume dispersion pattern

˗ The levels of suspended sediment concentration areassessed to determine potential impact to thesurroundings.

˗ Sediment plumes originating from the reclamationoperation were simulated. Two scenarios wereinvestigated, with silt curtain and without silt curtainduring reclamation works.

˗ The spill rate and the total spill will be highly dependentupon work procedures, scheduling and reclaimedmaterial characteristics.

˗ Each conveyor barge with a capacity of 1,250 m3 is

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assumed to operate for 12 hrs (from 7 am to 6 pm) on adaily basis. Each barge has a pumping rate of 0.1 m3/s.

˗ The spill concentration is 4.0 kg/m3 for without siltcurtain condition and 0.8 kg/m3 for with silt curtaincondition.

˗ Results from the spill are presented in mean suspendedsediment concentrations showing the extent andconcentration over the simulation period for spring andneap tide at four different points or sources.

˗ The plume patterns indicate that excess suspendedsediment concentrations generated from the reclamationwork are only at the project site and nearby area.

˗ The mean plume extents approximately up to 3.5km and3km during neap tide with and without silt curtainrespectively. On the other hand, the maximum plumeextent approximately up to 6.8km during spring tidewith and without silt curtain.

3) Cumulative hydraulic impact assessment with all otherproposed reclamation projects nearby

˗ In conjunction to overall impact assessment study,several approved projects that are expected to kickoffnear to the proposed reclamation area are consideredinto the simulation in terms of hydrodynamic evaluation.

˗ Four projects are considered to be included into theevaluation process

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˗ The assessment factors are based on current speed, waterlevel and significant wave heights.

˗ Current speed pattern shows slight increment of about -0.035 m/s + 0.215m/s for mean current pattern.Approved projects show higher pattern of current speeddue to the uneven reclamation plot base on thedevelopers’ proposal, where else the Yayasan Melakaproject just showing very minimal changes. Bothsimulated model for various Northeast monsoon andSouthwest monsoon show no changes in current speed.

˗ Water level pattern variation was compared atminimum and maximum level between proposed andapproved reclamation layout. However, there are nochanges in minimum and maximum water level.

˗ Significant of wave heights and wave direction werealso considered for both Yayasan Melaka and theapproved project areas. Bathymetry differences betweenboth areas show various results at both sites. TheNortheast monsoon range of wave heights comparisonbetween the projects for scenario A shows range from0.0 m to + 0.1 m and for the scenario B after projectimplementation varies from + 0.02 to + 0.04 m. Thereare slight changes in wave direction pattern for allprojects for Northeast monsoon. Scenario A varies from15 to 20 degree while for Scenario B, it is 5 degreechanges in mean wave direction.

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4) Impact on Pulau Menatang˗ The hydrodynamic assessment for Pulau Menatang

indicates that there will not be any major hydraulicchanges to Pulau Menatang with the presence of theproposed project.

˗ Cumulative assessment of hydraulic impact on PulauMenatang also shows no major implication on PulauMenatang Island.

Hydrology 1) Impact to nearby rivers (Sg. Punggor and Sg. Umbai)

˗ Based on the frequency analysis done in the HydraulicStudy, flow from Punggor-Umbai catchment fordifferent ARI was calculated.

˗ The model was simulated for 100 ARI, 50 ARI, 25 ARI,10 ARI and 5 ARI flow conditions at the upstream. Atthe downstream, usual tidal fluctuation was consideredas there are tidal gates at both the outfall.

˗ All the scenarios were simulated and maximum waterlevel along the Sg. Punggor and Sg. Umbai has beencalculated. It is found from the figures that maximumwater level varies from 2.95 mMSL to 2.67 mMSL atthe upstream of Punggor river whereas a the upstream ofUmbai river it varies from 1.81 mMSL to 1.64 mMSL.

During construction

˗ Ensure that any existing outlet channel at the site andits surrounding is not blocked during both theconstruction and operation phases.

˗ Kg. Pernu outlet be maintained and that a channel isprovided between the project site and the existingcoastline.

˗ Rock revetment will be constructed as the slopes ofthis channel.

˗ Periodic maintenance dredging to be conducted every6 months at the proposed channel throughout theconstruction period.

During post reclamation

˗ Maintenance dredging is proposed to be done toensure sufficient depth and width of the channel.

7-6 to 7-118-3

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2) Kg. Pernu drainage assessment before and afterreclamation.

˗ Kampung Pernu is one of the residential areas which islocated between Kampung Punggor and KampungUmbai. This residential area is located near to theproposed reclamation area where one of the dischargeoutlets is flowing.

˗ Kampung Pernu catchment area is estimated to be 163ha. Area A is estimated to be 25 ha and Area B isestimated to be 138 ha.

˗ The discharge of the outlet totally depends on the flowto the sea. Considering the importance of the outlet, theproject proponent has decided to remain the channelflow.

˗ The Kg. Pernu discharge outlet design is calculatedbased on the ARI 100 years. The drainage design is alsodesignated to cater the discharge level for future as well.

˗ The hydraulic modelling considers the maximum ARI100 to be 31.97 m3/s. Hydraulic modelling is developedto analyse impact of the flow before and after thereclamation.

˗ Based on the results, the discharge value of the channelis estimated to be 31.97 m3/s for all the estimated fourpoints chosen to be analysed. All the results show thatthe current/discharge flow and water level from Kg.Pernu indicated almost the same flow level. This current

Once the Defects Liability Period has ended, thechannel maintenance shall be done by the relevantauthorities.

˗ A disposal site for the dredged material would alsohave to be identified.

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flow indicates that changes of the flow is very minimal.This allowances of the flow are important and ensurethat back flow of the current do not happen in thechannel.

Solid Waste ˗ Waste from the labour camps (if any) would comprisemainly of domestic waste that, if not collected anddisposed properly would result in unsanitary conditionsgiving rise to health hazards to the workers and residents/ visitors at the neighbouring residential and commercialareas.

˗ If the hazardous wastes from construction waste /surplus from construction activity is not re-used orproperly disposed off-site, it will cause adverse impactssuch as providing habitats for disease vectors, creationof fire hazards, leaching of toxic matter and creatingeyesore. Should this happen, it will jeopardise thepublic’s safety and the ecosystem of the surroundingareas.

˗ No solid waste will be generated upon completion of thereclamation works.

˗ Waste generated by the workers camp should becollected and disposed at any approved landfill site.

˗ Waste generated should be sorted out and reuse ofusable material should be taken into consideration toreduce the volume of waste.Liquid wastes such as oiland grease, chemical solutions etc. shall be separatedfrom other solid waste before disposal at thedesignated landfill site.

˗ A policy on waste reduction and waste recycleshould be adopted by the contractors in line with theNational Solid Waste Policy.

7-11 and 7-128-4 and 8-5

ScheduleWaste

˗ Maintenance of machineries / heavy vehicles on-site /boats and ocean transportation during the constructionstage will generate spent oil (SW305 and SW306) andappear as the prominent contaminants that could cause asignificant detrimental impact to the water quality at thenearby area.

˗ The waste oils shall be stored in 200 L drums andshall be collected by licensed scheduled wastecontractor approved by DOE for recycling ordisposal.

˗ Temporary storage of the scheduled waste shall have

7-12 to 7-148-5 and 8-6

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˗ Spent oil will release HAPs and VOC once exposed toextreme temperature, which will cause health hazard.

˗ The use of chemical will pose a threat to the surroundingsoil.

˗ No schedule waste will be generated upon completion ofthe reclamation works.

an impermeable floor, bunded and covered with asimple structure of roofing to protect the containerfrom the weather. The capacity of the containmentshall be able to accommodate 110% of the volume ofthe largest container or 20% by volume of thescheduled waste stored in that area, whichever is thegreatest. All containers must be labelled androutinely inspected for leaks in a regular interval.

˗ The storage area for scheduled wastes shall beenclosed on at least 3 sides, have adequateventilation, be covered to prevent rainfall entering,be arranged so that incompatible materials areappropriately separated and a signboard should be setup with the word DANGER, painted with a letter sizeof 30 cm on a bright yellow background.

Water Quality 1) Turbidity.

Activities that can cause high turbidity during reclamationare: During sourcing of sand and dredging - the seabed

disturbances will cause dispersion of sediment, thusturbid the surrounding water bodies.

During transportation of fill material - duringtransportation of fill material, accidental spillage of finematerials or oils along the way may occur unexpectedly.Seawater pollution is anticipated as the sand carrier usedfor transportation is able to transport a large batch of fillmaterial per trip. This volume of fine material maycause spread of sediment plume along the route if any

1) Turbidity

˗ Construction of proper containment structure prior tothe disposal of fill material.

˗ Controlled operations with more environmentalfriendly and latest technology of dredgers.

˗ Install silt curtain to enclose the sand source andreclamation area where necessary.

˗ Regular water quality monitoring is essential tomonitored the efficiency of silt curtain.

7-14 to 7-208-6 to 8-8

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accidental spillage happens. During filling process

˗ The simulation of sedimentation dispersion patternhas been conducted in the hydraulic study usingMIKE 21 models.

˗ Sediment plumes originating from the reclamationoperation were simulated in two scenario viz with siltcurtain and without silt curtain during reclamationworks.

˗ The sediment plume patterns indicate that excesssuspended sediment concentrations generated fromthe reclamation work found only at the project siteand nearby.

˗ The mean plume extent approximately up to 2.0kmand 2.8km during neap tide with and without siltcurtain at all sources respectively.

˗ During spring tide, mean extent of sediment plume is3.0km within and without silt curtain at all sources.

˗ The maximum plume extent approximately up to6.8km during spring tide with and without siltcurtain; 3-3.5km during neap tide without and withsilt curtain respectively.

˗ The mean excess spill are expected to affect PulauMenatang at about 500m to the west of the projectsite during neap tide. While during spring tide,estuary of Sg Umbai will experience higher excessspill concentration.

˗ Contrarily, the mean spill concentration at othersESAs (Pulau Besar, Pulau Serimbun, Pulau Burong,Pulau Lalang, Estuary of Sg Punggor, Anjung BatuJetty etc.) are generally insignificant.

Placement of rock revetment - will cause re-suspension

˗ At the post reclamation stage, removal of the siltcurtain shall be conducted by professional. Finesediment must be removed before removal of siltcurtain.

˗ Placement of rock revetment shall be carried out withproper operating procedures.

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of the bottom material resulting in increase in turbidity.

2) Oil and grease.

˗ Oil and grease can cause lethal effects on fish;asphyxiation of benthic life forms; and adverse aestheticeffects of fouled shorelines.

˗ Increase in oil and grease in water would be expecteddue to oily wastewater discharge from tugboats and seavehicles, accidental oil spillage, discharge of bilge waterfrom machinery spaces, fuel oil sludge and oily ballastwater from fuel tanks.

3) Wastes (solid wastes, effluents and wastewater).

˗ Generally, base camp will only affect water quality ifsewage, sullage and garbage are improperly discharged.

˗ Sewage is characterised by high levels of biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD), ammonia and E.coli countwhich will cause damage to river and sea life, foul smelland diseases, depletion of DO and algal eutrophication.

˗ Small workforce of about 50 PE will produce 11.25m3

wastewater containing 2.8 kg/day and 3.4 kg/day ofBOD5 and SS.

2) Oil and grease

˗ In the event of oil spill, badly contaminated soilshould be collected and properly disposed accordingto the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)Regulations, 2005.

˗ No effluent or wastewater from the base camp shallbe discharged into the sea without prior treatment.

˗ Discharge of oily wastewater from sea vehiclesengine room should be channelled into the oilseparator. The waste oil should then be stored in sloptanks and managed as scheduled waste according toEnvironmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)Regulations, 2005.

3) Wastes (solid wastes, effluents and wastewater).

˗ Providing sufficient number of mobile toilets andtreating the effluent from the toilets and the sullagein self-contained septic tank system.

˗ Leftover wastes should be collected by contractorand properly disposed off in landfill site approved bythe local authority. Project management must handlegarbage collection if outside the municipal area.

˗ The wastewater discharges should comply withStandard A of Environmental Quality (Sewage)

xl



˗ Effluent treated to Standard A - 0.225 kg/day BOD5 and0.563 kg/day SS.

˗ Improper disposal of various solid wastes will lead tothe increase of debris in surface run-off, resulting inpollution of the receiving water bodies, the river or drainand eventually to the sea.

4) Nutrient

˗ Dislodging of soil sediments will lead to sudden releaseof products from biochemical breakdown of organics tothe water bodies such as ammonia, phosphates andnitrates.

˗ The release of chemically reducing compounds willexert an immediate oxygen demand which cause lowDO and has the potential to cause some damage to theecosystem.

˗ Nitrogen, silicates and phosphates released to the waterbodies will become available to promote algal growthand have prolonged effect compared to suspendedsediment as nutrients may disperse longer in the waterbodies.

5) Heavy metal

˗ Dredged material used as material filling will releaseheavy metal into the sea.

˗ As the sediment is submerged, the concentration in

Regulations, 2009.

4) Nutrients

˗ Frequent seawater quality monitoring duringoperation shall be conducted as to assist inidentifying any adverse conditions resulted fromunpredictable conditions and drastic increase ofnutrients.

˗ Unsuitable dredged materials should be disposed offat the designated dumping area only. The applicationof a reliable global position system (GPS) device willensure exact positioning of vessels while releasingthe dredged materials.

xli



water should already be in equilibrium with theconcentration of heavy metal in the sediment.

Air quality ˗ The machineries / equipments use for the reclamationworks which emit gases such sulphur dioxide, carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbons from the exhausts willproduce particulate matter which may cause healthimpact to human and environment.

˗ Release of black smoke due to incomplete combustionof fuels (especially solid fuels) and dust derived fromvarious sources have significant visual effects on theenvironment.

˗ No impact on air quality after completion of thereclamation works.

˗ Water dampening operation

˗ Speed limit of the moving traffic

˗ Tyre washing operation

˗ Proper approach on transporting constructionmaterial

˗ Regular maintenance of equipment / machineries

7-20 and 7-218-8 to 8-10

xlii



Noise level ˗ Noise generated during the works is mainly due tomachineries and equipment.

˗ Noise emission from the equipment is intermittent andexposure times are short. Hence the risk of hearingdamage is insignificant.

˗ Noise impacts during construction are mainly short termand confined to the period of works.

˗ When completed, the main source of noise will be fromthe marine traffic / fishing vessels. Nevertheless, thisimpact is not expected to be significant.

˗ Limit on the working hours

˗ Vehicles speed limit restriction

˗ Provision of proper hoarding

7-21 and 7-228-10 and 8-11

Land traffic ˗ Construction activities will generate an increase in roadtraffic in the area during the construction especially atJalan Melaka - Muar.

˗ The comfort of the road users might also be affectedwith the implementation of this project.

˗ Nevertheless, the impact is only temporarily during theconstruction phase and there will not be any increase toland traffic after completion of the reclamation works

Movement of the construction vehicles at the nearbyroads be scheduled away from peak hours to avoid trafficcongestion

7-228-11

Marine traffic During pre-reclamation stage

This phase is expected to draw only the occasional vessel for

During pre-reclamation stage

˗ The Project Proponent and the contractors shall

7-23 to 7-258-12 to 8-16

xliii



survey, bathymetric and other preparatory requirement priorto the pre-reclamation stage. Therefore, there is little increaseof vessel traffic due to the project activities.

During reclamation stage

1) Maritime traffic˗ Reclamation works will probably draw barges,

supporting vessels and tugs to the site.

communicate with Marine Department MelakaTengah, Melaka Port Authority, Department ofFisheries Melaka and Persatuan Nelayan Melaka onproject activities (especially marine spread activities)within the port limit and Proposed Project areas. Atthe same time, they shall send out early notification(2 weeks before commencement) of their activities tothe Marine Department so that “Notice to Mariners”can be issued in a timely manner.

˗ Physical presence of permanent anchorage orplatforms are to be registered and marked onAdmiralty Chart to ensure mariners are aware of theproject.

˗ Mitigation measures are also in the form of good sitepractices shall be carried out to avoid encroachmentand any further disturbance to sensitive marinespecies.

˗ Highly visible and lighted buoys are to be stationedat the project site to warn other users particularlyfishermen of the project site and activities to avoidencroachment.

During reclamation stage

1) Maritime traffic˗ All involved vessels shall get permission from

Marine Department Malaysia and the ProjectProponent and its contractors shall send out at least 2

xliv



˗ It is expected that there will be an additional trafficmovement of about 4 to 8 vessels per day.

˗ Directly impact the operation of Umbai jetty and thefishermen jetty and cause marine traffic congestion andincrease the risk of collisions or close quarter’s situation.

2) Fisheries activities

˗ Reclamation work may cause sedimentation anddeposition of total suspended solid that will smother theseabed, causing change in the ecology of the seabed andits living organism.

˗ Fisheries activities in the vicinity may be affected andthere will be partial loss of fishing ground within theproject area

˗ Once the operation started, it may dissipate school offish and there will be risk to the nets like cut by passingvessels.

˗ The additional vessels in the project area may cause

weeks early notification of their activities to theMarine Department so that “Notice to Mariners” canbe issued in a timely manner.

˗ It is compulsory for vessels to install AutomaticIdentification System (AIS) and Dredging &Dumping Monitoring System (DDMS) to recordtraversing path.

˗ Vessels shall be maintained frequently to preventunnecessary break down.

˗ Dredgers and supporting vessels (if any), shall followplanned route to minimize disturbance to normaltraffic in the area.

2) Fisheries activities

˗ Project proponents will liaise with the Dept. ofFishery and LKIM on the project to warn fishermenin good time (2weeks) not to encroach into theproject vicinity.

˗ Alternative arrangement to be discussed with thefishing community to assist with the loss of fishingopportunity.

˗ Vessels passing fishing boats to do so at slow speedto avoid toppling these boats.

˗ Project vessel will not cut fishing nets and avoidthem

xlv



congestion and the movement of working vessels maylimit the fishing ground.

˗ Therefore, local communities who depend on fish andother marine life for their source of income may beforced to find alternative fishing ground and it willincrease their operational cost.

3) Anchoring - physical environment

˗ Will cause anchor scour which typically remain evidenton seabed for a considerable period of time.

˗ Anchoring operation may occasionally result increations of larger craters/depression in seabed if anchorraising operations disturb seabed to such an extent as tocause defluidation (release of shallow liquid or gas).

4) Anchoring - underwater noise

˗ Disturbs marine animal behaviour or psychology (veryloud noise source).

˗ Affects native marine mammal population.

˗ Underwater noise includes typical supply vessels andguard vessels even though they are semi‐continuousnoise sources

5) Activities using tugboats and barge positioning – noise

˗ Long exposure to high noise level (> 60 dBA) could

˗ As a last resort some form of compensation will beappropriate to cover the loss of fishing ground,opportunity, catch and extra distances to get to otherfishing grounds.

3) Anchoring - physical environment

˗ The Project Proponent should monitor the detailedroute planning of vessels movement and theanchorage activities to prevent any damage to theenvironment.

4) Anchoring - underwater noise

˗ The Project Proponent and contractors must adhereto related guidelines to ensure fish and other marinelife are absent from the immediate vicinity of theproject area

5) Activities using tugboats and barge positioning –noise

xlvi



possibly cause temporary noise induced hearing loss andcould lead to becoming permanent hearing loss ifcontinuous exposure is sustained.

6) Activities using tugboats and barge positioning – airpollution

˗ Burning process in marine diesel engines and boilers ofsupporting vessels will produce air pollutants which willgive health impact, deplete the ozone layer, enhance thegreenhouse effect and produce acid rain.

7) Activities using tugboats and barge positioning –hydrocarbon spills

˗ Spills of fuels, lubricants and hydraulic fluids may resultin visible surface sheen on sea surface which furtherpose a threat to the locality and mortality of marineorganisms.

˗ They might face breathing problems as oxygen cannotdissolve into the water that is covered by oil slicks.

˗ The extent of the pollution depends largely on the sizeof leak and durations.

During Post-Reclamation and Development Phase

It is expected that there will be an increase of recreational

˗ It is advisable for workers to use sound protectiongear or ear muffs in order to avoid any negativeimpact to them.

˗ Regular maintenance is necessary to ensure theinstruments and machines are in good condition.

6) Activities using tugboats and barge positioning – airpollution

˗ Constant monitoring of air pollutants emissions andthe regular servicing of engines, generators andcompressors shall be carried out.

7) Activities using tugboats and barge positioning –hydrocarbon spills

˗ All the required equipment that will be used tofollow the Local Emergency Oil Spill Response Planand the National Emergency and Oil SpillContingency Plans during operation.

During Post-Reclamation and Development Phase

Project proponent and the related authorities should be

xlvii



boating with the existence of residential, commercial, lightindustrial properties and resorts along the coastline of Umbaiarea.

well trained in handling catastrophic incidents.

Social impactassessment

Local Community Perception On The Impacts of theProject During Construction

˗ Declining fishermen's income

˗ Destruction of clam culturing

˗ Degradation to the ecosystem

˗ Environmental pollution

˗ Risk to fishing activities

˗ Loss in natural aesthetic beauty of coastal landscape

˗ Influx of foreign workers

˗ Locals have to compete for employment opportunities

˗ Employment opportunities for all

Local Community Perception On The Impacts of theProject During Project Operation Phase

˗ Loss of fishermen's income will continue

˗ Destruction of clam culturing

Mitigation Measures for Job and BusinessOpportunities to Local Communities

˗ The boost in local economy would only be effectiveif a portion of the labour required is recruited fromthe local communities.

˗ Local contractors and sub-contractors should begiven similarly some priority in project construction.

Mitigation Measures for Livelihood Security

˗ Compensation shall be to the affected parties.

˗ To facilitate grievance resolution, particularly amongthe fishing communities, representatives each fromthe local Persatuan Nelayan Units within the ZOIshould be appointed by the Project Proponentduring the reclamation duration to act as liason withthe fishing community.

˗ It is proposed that a meeting between the localfishermen association units, the state fishermen'sassociation, LKIM and other related agencies withthe project proponent be held to work up a plan ofmonitoring of reclamation works, long termcompensation scheme for loss of fishing areas, and

7-25 to 7-348-15 to 8-16

xlviii



˗ Locals have to compete for employment opportunities

˗ Employment opportunities for all

˗ Increase in visitors and tourist

˗ Expectation of rise in real estate values

˗ Villagers' felt that they be marginalised

˗ Housing and accomodation project beyond means oflocal community

˗ Influx of foreign residents

˗ Predominance presence of Chinese citizens

˗ Local culture and norms will disintegrate

˗ Negative influence on local cultural values

˗ Increase in crime rate

˗ Increase in social problems

job and business opportunities.

˗ Local communities should be prioritised forundertaking business ventures such as operatingworker’s canteen or the general sales of localproduce and prepared food in proper kiosks atstrategic points nearby the construction area duringthe construction period.

˗ The activities that could cause nuisance to the publicsuch as noise pollution emitted from vessels andboats, heavy machinery and piling works should beavoided or minimized.

xlix



Marineecology,

fisheries andaquaculture

1) Impact on marine productivity

˗ Based on hydraulic study: No significant changes in mean current speeds

during both northeast and southwest monsoon -impacts negligible

Mean sediment plume dispersion of 150mg/L to2.8km during neap tide & 3km during spring tide,240 – 1,500mg/L within vicinity of proposedreclamation area – exceeded recommended safe limitof <80mg/L

˗ Potency for fish fauna to be disturbed by noise &vibration of motors or heavy construction work &vessels movement during dredging works

1) Marine productivity

˗ Installation of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) forartisanal and recreational fishing

˗ Installation of habitat enrichment infrastructure -deployment of artificial reefs and construction ofeco-engineered structures for habitat enhancement &creation

˗ Sea ranching to enhance coastal food chain/web

˗ Fisheries Research Fund - the Project Proponent shallmake contributions to the Fisheries Research Fund tobe utilized by Department of Fisheries and/or LKIMfor the advancement of the fishing industry in

7-64 to 7-808-16 to 8-25

l



2) Impact on marine habitat

˗ Loss of foreshore area & mudflat as fisheries habitat Permanent lost of original physical and biological

resources

˗ Mangrove: Based on hydraulic study - High sedimentation is

expected to occur in mangrove area particularly atPernu (T6 & T7) and Umbai (T8 & T9)

Erosion may cause destabilization of the river bank

˗ Coral Reef: Based on hydraulic study – The extent of sediment

plume does not reach all the islands within 5kmradius

Movement of boats and barges carrying materialsinto reclamation site potentially create wake (induceturbidity)

˗ Marine Turtle Landing Potency to be affected by noise & vibrations

generated from the reclamation activities Confusion due to artificial light from barges &

earthwork machinery Confusion due to the shifting of topography horizons Confusion of plastics bag from potential of discharge

solid wastes (litter) into receiving waters as foods

Melaka

2) Marine habitat

˗ Mangrove replanting and monitoring programme

˗ Installation of habitat enrichment devices for coralreefs

˗ Funds for turtle-related research or conservationefforts should be allocated by the project proponent

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3) Impact on fisheries and aquaculture

˗ Loss of fishing and nursery grounds Potency to affect fishery activities – decrease in fish

landings Increasing risk of collisions & boat and fishing nets

damages due to continuous movement of dredgers &barges and pipeline location on seabed

Increasing fishing cost & fishing effort Possibility of conflict of interest between fishermen

˗ Mussel farming Potency to be affected by high sedimentation

especially those operated within reclamationfootprint

˗ Recreational fisheries Potency of affecting the angling activities especially

boat-based angling at coastal area & shore-baseangling at Umbai

3) Fisheries and aquaculture

˗ Suitable compensation/ex-gratia for fisherman

˗ Ensuring that fishermen access to sea will not beobstructed at any time

˗ Provision of employment opportunities

˗ Encourage recreational fishing by providingdesignated areas for anglers

Abandonment ˗ The abandonment of the proposed project will cause thesituation to be as it is presently

˗ If the reclamation works has started, some of the sea bedwould have been touched and affect the aquatic life.

˗ A proper abandonment plan shall be preparedappropriately to ensure all measures are taken careoff.

˗ If the abandonment occurs during construction, allequipments shall be removed from the site.

˗ For any scheduled wastes and solid / liquid wastesavailable at the site, they must be disposed off in thecorrect manner at the specified approved areas.

7-81and 8-25

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7.3 Based on the economic evaluation impact finding, Table 9 summarised the

economic loss due to the proposed project.

Table 9: Economic Loss

Description Estimated number ofyears of impact RM/year

Loss of mudflat Permanent (8,279)Incremental fuel cost-fishermen At least 10 years (2,122,093)Total incremental cost of nets repair/replace(RM/year)-fishermen At least 10 years (122,111)

Total incremental cost of boat/enginemaintenance (RM/year)-fishermen At least 10 years (172,778)

The Opportunity Loss from Increment ofWorking Hour by Fishermen At least 10 years (3,358,110)

Annual Incremental cost of transportation-middlemen At least 10 years (391,930)

Net total income loss of mussels aquacultureper year (RM/year) 50 years (83,904)

The net economic loss for restaurant owners At least 10 years (226,748)Reduction in anglers ‘consumer surplus’ During 2 years construction (3,707)Local willingness to pay (WTP) During 2 years construction (634,183)

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

8.1 The main objective of the EMP is to outline and to ensure that the mitigating

measures recommended in the EIA report are incorporated into the final project

planning and implemented on the ground.

8.2 Normally, an EMP will require the project proponent and the implementing body to

undertake the following actions and responsibilities.

8.3 An EMP shall consist of an Environmental Monitoring Programme, Environmental

Management Unit and Emergency Response Plan. The main function of these

components is to allocate the responsibility of each party for planning, monitoring and

undertaking the mitigating measures proposed during the construction and operation

stages.

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8.4 The proposed monitoring programme during the construction phase and operational

phase are shown in Table 10.

Table 10: Details of the Monitoring Programme

Pre-Construction Phase During Construction Phase Post Reclamation Phase

˗ Shoreline monitoringhas to be conductedprior to the start of thereclamation works asrequired by the DID.

˗ The results of thisexercise will be thebaseline data which willbe used as an indicationto determine theeffectiveness of themitigation measuresimplemented during theconstruction phaselater.

i. Marine Water Quality Monitoring˗ To be taken only at the area where there

are works on-going. One grab sampleshould be taken by the projectproponent for every 100m of workingarea, inside and outside of the siltcurtain.

˗ Frequency: once a month throughoutthe construction period

˗ Parameter: temperature, DO, TSS, oiland grease, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ar, Pb, Zn,CN, NH3, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate andfaecal coliform.

ii. River Water Quality Monitoring˗ To be conducted monthly

˗ The parameters to be tested shall be inaccordance to the Interim NationalWater Quality Standards (INWQS)

iii. Air Quality Monitoring˗ Sampling works is proposed to be taken

at quarterly interval or earlier should itbe required by the DOE

˗ Parameter: TSP

iv. Noise Level Monitoring˗ Sampling works is proposed to be taken

at quarterly interval or earlier should itbe required by the DOE

˗ Parameter: Leq, Lmax, Lmin and Ln

v. Periodic Shoreline Monitoring˗ Every three (3) months throughout the

construction period.

vi. Biological Monitoring˗ Quarterly during the reclamation phase

˗ Parameter: density and diversity of

˗ Shoreline monitoring isrequired to be carriedout every six (6) monthsafter the projectcompletion. Themonitoring can bediscontinued if thesurvey profile is foundto be stable for three (3)years after completion ofthe project (subject toagreement by the DID).

˗ Upon completion,fisheries monitoringshall be continuouslymonitored for at leastanother two quarters.

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Pre-Construction Phase During Construction Phase Post Reclamation Phase

phytoplankton, zooplankton,macrobenthos and fish fauna

vii. Fisheries Monitoring˗ Quarterly during the reclamation phase

˗ Shall examine landings in terms ofvolume and speciation. This shall beundertaken through interviews withselected fishermen as well as datacollected from the Department ofFisheries.

8.5 The proposed Environmental Management Unit (EMU) is shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Environmental Management Unit (EMU)

8.5 The Emergency Response Plan for the project is detailed in Appendix IV of the EIA

report. It will be further enumerated in the EMP following the approval of the EIA of

this project as standard procedure.

ProjectProponent

GovernmentDepartment

Consultants

EnvironmentalOfficer

Technician

EnvironmentalUnit

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8.6 The Safety Plan is prepared particularly for vessels involved in the project. This plan

provides a layout of the vessel, the location of all safety appliances (e.g. fire

extinguishers, life jackets, life rafts and first aid boxes) on board the vessel. All

personnel are required to be familiar with the safety plan. The safety plan is posted at

several locations on board the vessel frequented by the crew (e.g. the mess room,

corridor and staircase).

9.0 STUDY FINDINGS

9.1 The EIA study has identified the likely impacts on the environment as well as various

measures to mitigate or control these impacts. Various alternatives for the project

development have been considered in Chapter 4 including the ‘No- Project option’ as

detailed in Table 4.

9.2 In a nutshell, based on the study done, the main environmental impacts that need high

attention are the water quality, the hydraulic and hydrodynamics as well as the marine

habitats and fisheries. These impacts are foreseen to be critical during the project

implementation which involves reclamation works. Nevertheless, with proper

mitigation measures in place, the impacts shall be able to be controlled and alleviated.

9.3 The completion of the project will have a positive impact especially to the

commercial and tourism industries of the State. With careful planning and good

construction and management practices, the proposed project is not expected to result

significant adverse economic environmental impacts to the surroundings but rather its

implementation will contribute to the development of the State in general

Documents

ExecutiveSummary · i ExecutiveSummary 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ThisSchedule2EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)Reporthasbeenprepared for The Proposed “Penambakan Kawasan Laut Seluas