EXCRETORY SYSTEMAnswer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 978OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:analysis

2.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 979OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

3.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 978OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:analysis

4.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 979OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:analysis

5.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 978 | p. 979OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

6.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 980OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:knowledge

7.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 980OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:knowledge

8.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 980OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.BLM:synthesis

9.ANS:APTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 981OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.BLM:synthesis

10.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 980 | p. 981OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:analysis

11.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 983OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands.BLM:application

12.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 984OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

13.ANS:APTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 982 | p. 983OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

14.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 984OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

15.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 987OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.BLM:analysis

16.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 986OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:analysis

17.ANS:APTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 986OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.BLM:analysis

18.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 987OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.BLM:application

19.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 988OBJ:34.3.1 Describe the effects the sex hormones have on development.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:application

COMPLETION

1.ANS:Hormones

PTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 978OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:knowledge

2.ANS:lipids

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 980OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

3.ANS:cAMP

PTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 981OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.BLM:knowledge

4.ANS:adrenal glands

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 983OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:application

5.ANS:hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 987OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.BLM:comprehension

6.ANS:decrease

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 987OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:synthesis

SHORT ANSWER

1.ANS:The endocrine system is made of glands that release hormones into the blood and these hormones deliver messages to target cells. This is similar to a radio broadcast that sends a message to thousands or even millions of people in a large city. But the message will only be heard by people tuned to that particular station.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 978OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:analysis

2.ANS:A target cell is a cell that has receptors for a particular hormone. If a cell does not have receptors for a particular hormone, the hormone has no effect on it. Since only certain cells have receptors for specific hormones, all cells are not target cells for all hormones.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 978OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

3.ANS:Steroid hormones can enter the nucleus of a cell and change the pattern of gene expression in a target cell. Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors on cell membranes and cause the release of secondary messengers that affect cell activities.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 980 | p. 981OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:synthesis

4.ANS:The cell would not be able to respond to the hormone.

PTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 980OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.BLM:synthesis

5.ANS:hypothyroidism, G (thyroid)

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 985OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands.BLM:evaluation

6.ANS:Home heating systems are controlled by thermostats. This system is an example of a feedback loop. In a feedback loop, an increase in something such as heat feeds back and inhibits the process that produced the heat in the first place. The actions of glands and hormones are biological examples of feedback loops.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 986OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:analysis

7.ANS:Iodine is needed to produce thyroxine. Without enough iodine in the body, a precursor of thyroxine continues building up in the thyroid until it swells, producing a goiter.

PTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 985 | p. 987OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:application

8.ANS:The pituitary gland would perceive the elevated level of testosterone in the blood and stop releasing LH, which would decrease the gonads own production of testosterone.

PTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 986 | p. 988OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled. | 34.3.1 Describe the effects the sex hormones have on development.BLM:synthesis

SCIENCE SKILLS

1.ANS:Sample answer: It shows the feedback mechanism that controls the thyroid gland.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 986OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.BLM:comprehension

2.ANS:High thyroxine levels inhibit the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary. Less TRH and TSH are released.

PTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 987OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands. | 34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.BLM:analysis

3.ANS:thyroxine

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 987OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands. | 34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.BLM:analysis

ESSAY

1.ANS:Endocrine glands usually release their secretions directly into the blood, which transports the secretions throughout the body. Exocrine glands however, release their secretions outside the blood. They release their secretions through tube-like structures either out of the body or directly into the digestive system.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 979OBJ:34.1.1 Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:application

2.ANS:Steroid hormones, which are made of lipids, move across the cell membranes of target cells. Once inside, a steroid hormone binds to a steroid receptor protein, forming a hormone-receptor complex. This hormone-receptor complex enters the cells nucleus and binds to a DNA control sequence, which initiates transcription of specific genes. Protein synthesis of the specific sequences then occurs in the cytoplasm. In contrast, nonsteroid hormones cannot pass through the cell membranes of their target cells. Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell membranes, activating an enzyme on the inner surface of the cell membranes. This enzyme activates a second messenger. The second messenger then activates or inhibits cell activities.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 980 | p. 981OBJ:34.1.2 Explain how hormones work.BLM:analysis

3.ANS:The hypothalamus contains the cell bodies of cells that extend into the posterior pituitary. It sends nervous signals to the posterior pituitary stimulating it to release hormones. The hypothalamus regulates the activities of the anterior pituitary by producing releasing hormones.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 982OBJ:34.2.1 Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:synthesis

4.ANS:The hypothalamus contains cells that are sensitive to the concentration of water in the blood. When my body loses water as sweat, the concentration of dissolved materials in the blood rises. The hypothalamus responds by first signaling the posterior pituitary gland to release a hormone called ADH (antidiuretic hormone). ADH molecules are carried by the blood to the kidneys, where the removal of water from the blood is quickly slowed down. The hypothalamus also causes a thirst sensation. When I drink water, the water is absorbed into the blood. To avoid the water diluting the blood, the hypothalamus causes the pituitary to release less ADH. They kidneys respond by removing water from the blood.

PTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 986OBJ:34.2.2 Explain how endocrine glands are controlled.TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:application