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Excavation history. Titus. Suetonius TITus 8.3. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EXCAVATION HISTORY
TITUS
.. Whether by offers of sympathy or by giving all the financial help he could. He selected by lot some senators of consular rank to regenerate Campania, and he allocated the property of those who had died in the eruption and who had no surviving heirs to the renewal of the afflicted towns
Dio Cassius. 66.24. 1, 3-4.Titus himself took no money from individuals or cities or kings although many kept giving and promising him large sums, but restored all the damage from his resources.
SUETONIUS TITUS 8.3
CIL IV 2311 ( House of N. Popidius Priscus) VII, ii, 20)
Scratched on right wall of entranceway.
House tunneled through ( Latin in Greek letters)
Materials stripped from Forum
SALVAGE?
LONG SLEEP
120 CE
4TH CENTURY C.E.
Late antique lamps and pottery dating from the 6 th to the 16 th c. CE found in Suburban Baths,
House of Julia Felix
House of Fabius Rufus
LOOTING/EXPLORATION
LETTERS OF PLINY
12TH C. CE COPY OF 4TH C .CE PEUTINGER TABLE
Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis and Stabiae
LA CIVITA
1500- 1700 CEAncient ruins found, but reburied.
Inscription ( POMPEI)(Pompey)
Geographer states that Pompeii lies underneath La Civita
PERIODS OF EXCAVATION
Treasure Hunting 1709- 1859
Scientific 1860- 1978
Modern 1979- present
TREASURE HUNTING--PRINCE D’ELBEUF
1709 well deepening
CHARLES VII KING OF NAPLES
1738 ( New Villa)
ROCCO ALCUBIERRE’S THEATER TUNNELS
HERCULANEUMMARCUS NONIUS BALBUS
BASILICA
THESEUS( BASILICA)
1740 ACCOUNT OF “EXCAVATIONS”
“ There might certainly be collected great light from this reservoir of antiquities, if a man of learning had the inspection of it; if he directed the working and would make a journal of the discoveries. But I believe there is no judicious choice of directors..”
Horace Walpole, Earl of Oxford
1748- 50 “ La Civita”
1750 Herculaneum
1755 Return to Pompeii (1763 –inscription identifies site)
Swiss Military Engineer, Assistant to Alcubierre
First systematic excavation ( respected lines of streets, detailed plans, weekly summaries of finds, entering houses through doors
KARL WEBER
VILLA OF THE PAPYRI 1752-1765
4 levels terraced to the sea
DANCERS
SENECA?
EPICURUS / SCIPIO AFRICANUS (?)
RUNNERS
RESTING HERMES
SLEEPING FAUN
DRUNKEN SATYR
PAN
ATHENA
MUSE ?
13 large bronze
7 large marble
18 medium and small bronzes
32 bronze busts
15 marble busts
TOTAL SCULPTURE ( 90 PIECES)
1,787 VOLUMES
Fr. Antonio Piaggi ( 1756) 3 scrolls in 4 years
POEM ON ACTIUM IN LATIN
MOST= GREEK=PHILODEMUS/ EPICUREANISM
Treatise on Music
EPICUREAN PHILOSOPHY
The most important thing in life is pleasure. ( But not in excess). Pleasure and happiness are caused by freedom from disturbance. The world is explained by natural causes so one does not have to worry about the gods. If you understand the universe you will be free from anxiety. The soul dies with the body. Avoid competition and intense emotional commitments
( removes jealousy and failure).
“Friendship dances around the word, calling us to awake to the joys of a happy life”
“ It is not a succession of drinking feasts and of revelry ,not sexual love, not the enjoyment o fish and other delicacies of a luxurious table that produces a pleasant life; It is sober reasoning.
“ Sexual intercourse never did anyone any good and he will be lucky if it did not actually do harm”.
PISO?
WINCKLEMANN “ FATHER OF ART HISTORY” 1758
THE GRAND TOUR
SOCIETY OF THE DILETTANTI 1778
1748- 50 “ La Civita”
1750 Herculaneum
1755 Return to Pompeii (1763 –inscription identifies site)
POMPEII, TEMPLE OF ISIS 1764
Temple of Isis, not back-filled
Objects left in site for visitors
Paintings still removed to museum, but drawn first
Attempts to preserve things in situ and repair ruins
INTEREST IN PRESENTATION AND PRESERVATION
VILLA OF DIOMEDES ( 20 DEAD) 1771-1774
END OF 18TH CENTURY
CAROLINE BONAPARTE (1808 RULER OF NAPLES WITH HER
HUSBAND)
MAZOIS ( 1812)
One of first real scholarly studies.
NEO-CLASSICAL STYLE
TOWN WALLS, FORUM, AMPHITHEATER
FERDINAND IV ( KING OF NAPLES)—SON OF CHARLES ( 1815)
REGION VI AND VII
Forum Baths, House of the Tragic Poet
HOUSE OF THE FAUN
TOURISM/TRAIN FROM NAPLES ( 1840)/ MARINE GATE ENTRANCE
Also theft and corruption
BRIULLOV ( 1827)
Glaucos and Ione/ Nadia
BULWER-LYTTON-1834
Glaucos and Ione/ Nadia
THE LAST DAYS OF POMPEII
“ He caught his beloved in his arms and with difficulty and labour gained the temple He bore her to the remoter and more sheltered part of the portico, and leaned over her , that he might shield her, with his own form, from the lightning and showers! The beauty and unselfishness of love could hallow even that dismal time!”
WINTER PALACE, ST. PETERSBURG (1830-40)
Villa of Diomedes ( 1770’s) imprint of a woman’s breast found
1852
PERIODS OF EXCAVATION
Treasure Hunting 1709- 1859
Scientific 1860- 1978
Modern 1979- present