Semester Exam study guide Name: _____________________________

1. A student is asked to mix 20 mL of acid with 50 mL of water. What is the safe way to mix the substances?

 2. A student wearing goggles, gloves, and an apron begins a simple activity to determine the pH of corrosive solutions. Before the activity begins, what other

safety measure should the student follow?

 3. Which of these is the best reason to not eat or drink while in the laboratory?

 4. An experiment requires the use of a lab apron, goggles, and insulated mitts or beaker tongs. The purpose of these safety items is primarily to protect against —

 5. Which of the following is the proper method to dispose of a solid produced during a chemical reaction?

 6. For safety reasons, which of these labels is the most important to have on a reagent bottle?

 7. Which of the following shows the length of a rubber strip measured precisely to 2.22 centimeters? 

 8. Which piece of equipment should be used to precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium hydroxide solution? 

 9. What is the volume indicated on the graduated cylinder below?

  

 10. Which of these will give the most precise measure of a 10-milliliter volume? 

 11. Look at the food web of an ecosystem below.

What would most likely happen if the number of grasshoppers in the ecosystem were reduced? 

 12. Energy used by producers in a grassland food web is provided by— 

 13.

In this food web, the bacteria probably function as-- 

 14. Energy from the sun enters living systems through- 

 15. If the biomass of the grain in the pyramid below is 25,000 kg, theoretically how much biomass would the snakes contain?

  

 16. Which diagram best shows how the amount of stored energy changes going up a food chain? 

 17.

The diagram represents different levels of a marine food pyramid. Between which two levels is the greatest amount of energy transferred? 

 

18.

In this food web, the bacteria probably function as- 

 19.

The diagram shows a standard pyramid of numbers that indicates the number of individual organisms in a community. Which of the following situations would form a pyramid showing more consumers than producers?

 

 20. Which of the following is not an autotroph? 

 21. White-tailed deer meet their energy needs through which of these activities? 

 22. Clown fish are small reef fish that seek protection from predators by sheltering themselves among the stinging tentacles of sea anemones. Clown fish are very

territorial and can potentially scare off predators of sea anemones. This relationship is an example of— 

 23. In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmex

ferruginea).  The ants live with the tree without causing it harm.  In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it.

This relationship is an example of -- 

 24. Green algae, or cyanobacterium, combines with fungus to form a lichen. The fungus provides water to the algae which is used in photosynthesis. In turn, the

algae produces organic molecules that the fungus can use for food. This is an example of what type of relationship? 

 25. Based on the effects of two interacting species, which of the following types of relationships is incorrectly paired? 

 26. Which of the following organisms in the food web below are omnivores?

  

 27. An oakworm caterpillar feeds on the leaves of an oak tree. This type of interaction is — 

 28. After being introduced in the 1930s, the B fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) became established throughout much of the southern United States. One biological way

to control fire ants might be to introduce organisms that are — 

 29. A hummingbird feeds on the nectar of a flowering plant. In this process the bird gains nutrition while spreading the plant’s pollen to other flowers. The

relationship between hummingbirds and flowering plants can be described as — 

 30. Which situation best represents a mutualistic relationship? 

 31. Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) are leafless plants that lack chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their nourishment from the roots of beech trees, which reduces the

amount of nutrients available to the trees themselves. This interaction is best described as —  

 32. A tick feeding on the blood of a dog is an example of- 

 33.

According to the information in the box, which of these best describes the relationship between rhizobia and bean plants? 

 34. Which of these organism pairs best represents a mutualistic relationship? 

 35. An orchid obtains its necessary sunlight by growing on the branches of a tree in a rainforest. This relationship is an example of - 

 36. Bees use pollen from a flower as food and at the same time transfer the pollen to other flowers to help pollinate them. This relationship is best described as an

example of -

 

 37. A leech can attach to the soft skin on a turtle's neck or legs and drink its blood. The relationship between the leech and the turtle is best described as an

example of - 

 38. A lichen is an algae and a fungus living together. The fungus provides the structure to protect the algae and capture water while the algae provides food for the

fungus. The relationship between the algae and the fungus can best be described as an example of - 

 39. Within a certain community, crows actively eat brightly colored beetles. Which interaction is being displayed between the population of crows and the

population of beetles? 

 40. Pollen adheres to bees as they feed on the nectar of flowers. When they move from flower to flower gathering nectar, the bees pollinate the flowers. The bees

then use the nectar to make honey. The relationship between bees and flowers is an example of — 

 41. At one time large herds of bison roamed across the Great Plains. Brown-headed cowbirds often followed the bison, capturing and eating insects that scattered

as the bison walked through the grass. This relationship between the bison and the cowbird was — 

 42. Which of the following best describes a difference between a mutualistic relationship and a parasitic relationship? 

 43. Which of the following describes a relationship where one organism victimizes another for its personal gain?  

 44. Which of the following best describes the feeding of an organism on dead or decaying organic matter? 

 45. Which pair of organisms represent a parasitic relationship? 

 46. What is the term for a symbiotic relationship between two organisms, in which both organisms benefit from the relationship? 

 47. What is the term for a symbiotic relationship between two organisms, in which one organism benefits, and the other is harmed by the relationship? 

 48. A portion of the human body's vitamin K is supplied by bacteria living in the large intestine. This relationship is an example of - 

 49. Which is the life activity by which an organism responds to changes in the environment? 

 50. What part of a cell allows nutrients and other materials to enter or leave the cell? 

 51. When a sea urchin egg is removed from the ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg swells and bursts. Which of these causes water to enter the egg? 

 52. Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severley limited by removal of the cell's -- 

 53.

The table shows four mass readings of one object as measured by four different balances. Which balance produced the most-consistent measurements? 

 54. Which of these is a characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy? 

 55. Saltwater fish remove extra salt from their body by active transport through the gills. What is the result of this activity? 

 56. Which of these best explains why a freshwater aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for saltwater fish? 

 57.

The picture shows a cell model and the solutions associated with it. In this situation the cell model will- 

 58.

Which would most likely cause the liquid in Tube A to rise? 

 59. Which of the following organelles is involved in storing material in a plant cell? 

 60. Cell membranes perform all the following functions except — 

 61. Which of the following is the process by which water moves across a membrane, from an area of high concentration to low concentration, without the use of

energy? 

 62. Which of the following is the best term for the regrowth of lost body parts in animals, such as the tails of lizards? 

 63. In animals, which of the following processes produces ATP molecules? 

 64. What process takes place in the chloroplasts? 

 65. What process takes place in the nucleus? 

 66. What process is defined as "the taking in of food for energy"? 

 67. What organelle is present in plant cells, but not in animal cells? 

 68. In a lipid bi-layer, which portion of the membrane is hydrophyllic?  

 69. In a lipid bi-layer, which portion of the membrane is hydrophobic? 

 70. Which organelle contains material responsible for heredity, and controls the cell? 

 71. Which organelle is a fluid-filled structure designed for storage? 

 72. Which organelle is know as the "power house" of the cell, and is the primary sight for cellular respiration? 

 73. Water moves freely across a cell membrane by — 

 74. What is the collective term for the biological processes by which cells extract nutrients from food? 

 75. Which of the following is the flowing of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells? 

 76. What is the primary difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? 

 77. which organism is a Prokaryote? 

 78. Most animal eukaryotic cells have a - 

 79. Which of the following set of two substances are found in most cell membranes? 

 80.

A person living near this pond wants to reduce the mosquito population. The mosquito population included in this food web could be reduced by —

 

 

 81. Which word best describes the fungus in the situation above? 

 

 

82. What volume should be reported for the solution in this graduated cylinder? 

 

 83. The diagram shows several phases of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following describes the most likely effect of removing some plants from the area by

using chemical herbicides?  

 

 84. What process is shown above?

 

 85. Which of these best describes the relationship between epiphytes and trees? 

 

 86. The diagram above is intended to show relationships in an ecosystem. What do the arrows represent? 

 87. Which of these is a function of the cell membrane in all cells? 

 

 88. In animal cells like the one shown above, which organelle is used for storing water? 

 

 89. A food web is shown above. If the rabbit population increases, which of the following is most likely to happen soon afterward?