Example2 Two Equal Spans Option2 Final

8/13/2019 Example2 Two Equal Spans Option2 Final

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10/19/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option2-Final.ppt 1

Details on following slides

Example 2 Option 2:

Bent columns on capped piles

Piles: 14" concrete-filled steel pipeAbutment

Abutment

Bent cap

Pile cap


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4.0'

20.0'

8" slab deck

Ground level

4"

railing

6.25'

47.0'

8.25'

24.0'

4.0'

Assumed point of pile fixity

(idealized cantilever pile)

Top of column at mid-

height of bent cap

Top of piles at mid-

height of pile cap14.75' 12.75'

32.25'

BT-63 girder

30.25'


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4.0'

5.0' 8.5'

2.0'

12.75'

13.0'

Assumed point of pile fixity

30"

Bent cap

Pile cap: 13' x 13' x 4'

14" concrete-filled

steel pipe

2.0'

2.0'

4.5'

4.5'

13.0'

6.5'

Extend the pile to the mid-

depth of the pile cap


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X

ZX = 80.0'

Z = -6.083'Z = -6.25'

Z = -6.083'

Z = -32.25'

Z = -47.0'

Z = 0

Z = -6.25Z = -8.25'

24.0'

14.75

X=75.5

'

X=73.5

'

X=84.5

'

X=86.5

'

Roller bearing

(X = 0, X = 160')

Pinned bearing

Abutment

Bent

Extend the pile to the mid-

depth of the pile cap


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2.0'

4.0'

8.5'

13.0'

15.0'

Y

Z

Y=0

Y=-2.0

Y=-4.0

Y=-8.5

Y=-13.0

Y=-15.0

Y=2.0

Y=4.0

Y=8.5

Y=13.0

Views toward X = 0

Units: feet


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X

Z

Y

Bridg e Wizardcannot model the pile and pile cap.

These must be modeled (drawn) manually.

The pile cap is modeled as a 4.0' deep thick-plate

element(element boundaries and all plate nodes

are in one plane at the mid-depth of the plate).

The piles are frame sectionsthat must be defined

before they can be used.

X = 80, Y = 0, Z = 0


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X

Z

Y

next 2 slides

Y

=

-8.5

'


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View in +Xdirection

nodes

overlapping nodes

bent cap

pile

column

Z

column ( frame section)

bent cap ( frame section)

pile cap ( thick-shell

element )

pile ( frame section)

top of deckY

Z = - 32.25'

Z = - 8.25'

Z = 0

Z = - 47.0'


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mid-depth of pile cap in

a plane at Z = - 32.25'

top of column at mid-depth of bent cap at

X = 80.0', Y = - 8.5', Z = - 8.25'

bottoms of all piles at depth Z = - 47.0'

X

Z

Y

nodes

overlapping nodes

column

pile

tops of piles in a plane at

cap mid-depth Z = - 32.25'


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Open file CSI Bridge fileExample2-Two-Equal-Span-Option2.bdb

saved at the end of Option 1


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10/19/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option2-Final.ppt12

For the rest of this example, the Bridge Wizard will not be used

Instead, the CSI command line tabs and sub-tabs in thescreen headings will be used. For example:

Command l ine tab

Sub-tabs


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Recall that in Option 1 the Bentwas

named Bent_fixed_base

Bent_fixed_base

Fixedbase support

( all 6 d.o.f. )


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For Option 2 a new Bentnamed Bent_free_basewill be created. The free

end of each column base will later be connected to the pile cap foundation.

Freebase support

( all 6 d.o.f. )

Bent_free_base

See next slide


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The built-in Base Supportoptions provided by the

BridgeBent Column Dataform are only Pinnedor

Fixed ( the default option is Fixed, as show ).

In order to have a Free column base support it is

necessary to define and attach a new user-defined

FoundationSpringthat is freein all 6 d.o.f.

This FoundationSpringis a new Component. It

will be created in the following slides, and named

Column_base_spr ing.

Column_base_spr ing

( free in all 6 d.o.f. )

Bent_free_base

X

Z

Y


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Components command line tab, Item Foundation Springssub-tab


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Create a new Foundation Spring


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Components command line tab, Item Bents sub-tab


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Create a new Bentto be named Bent_free_base

( note that Bent_fixed_base already exists )

Symbol for fixed reaction at base

of column for Bent_fixed_base


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The new Bent_free_base has been

created, but has not yet been assigned

to the bridge model ( to replace the

currently assigned Bent_free_base)


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Updatemodel to complete replacing Bent_fixed_basewith Bent_free_base


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No base reaction symbol is

shown at a reaction point that

is free ( Bent_free_base)

Revising the reaction condition at the base of the bent columns is complete.


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Add a new Frame Sectionfor the 14"-diam concrete-filled steel pipe piles

Review existingMaterial Properties

Reinforcing steel

Structural steel ( default )

4 ksi concrete ( will be

used in piles )

The materials needed for the piles have already available ( no new materials are required )


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Create a Frame Sectionfor the concrete-filled pipe pile

( reference: CSIBridge-EI-multiplier.ppt )

doutside= 14"tw = 3/8"

concrete core

steel pipe

CSI Bridge has no built-in Frame Sections of this type.

1. Start with a concretesection whose outside diameter is that of the pipe doutside.

douts ide = 14.0 in

2. Enter a Stiffness Multiplication Factor SMF = 2.297 to increase the EI of the

concretesection to that of the filled-pipe section

The program uses the following method to create a FrameSectionlike this one:

Concrete:

fc' = 4 ksi

Ec = 3708 ksi

Note that the steelproperties

are not entered ( they areneeded to compute the SMF )


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Conc_fi l led_pipe_pi leis a fictitious 14"-diam concrete pile section whose stiffness has been

increased by a SMF = 2.297 so that it will act as a concrete-filled steel pipe pile section.

Complete creating Conc_fi l led_pipe_pi le


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Verify units:

Kip, ft, F

Complete Pile_cap_platedefinition


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Redefined bent:

Bent_free_base

New component definitions added:

Pile cap thick-plate elements:

Pile_cap_plate

Concrete-filled steel pipe piles:

Conc_fi l led_pipe_pile

X

Z

Z = -32.25'

24.0'Bent_free_base

"Free" bent column base defined by:

Column_base_spr ing(free in 6 d.o.f.)

Bridge is now ready for adding pile/cap foundation


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Add the pile cap and piles to each column in the Bridge Model

The bent cap, bent columns and the piles have been defined as Frame Sections.

The pile cap finite elements have been defined as a thick plate Area Sections.

Piles: 14" concrete-filled steel pipe pile

Bent cap: 4.0' x 4.0' x 27.0'

( already in Bridge Model )

Pile cap: 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' thick plate element

Bent column: 30"-diam x 24.0'

( already in Bridge Model )

X

Z

Y


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Z

Y

8.25'

Draw this pile/cap foundation first,

and then copy to other side

X


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Z = - 32.25

Z = - 8.25

Z = 0

Z = - 47.0

Y

Z View in +Xdirection

( section thru X = 80)

Z = - 32.25

Z = - 47.0

X

Z

Z = - 8.25

Z = 0

View in +Ydirection

( section thruY = - 8.5)


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nodes required to for pile cap area

nodes required to draw piles

nodes at ends of column

nodes that will be inserted when pile

cap is assembled from plate elements

X

Z

Y

Z = - 32.25

Z = - 8.25

Z = - 47.0

Nodes ( "joints" ) and grid lines

The grid lines will be used to draw

thick plate elementsthat make up

the pile cap, and the nine piles.

Nodes will be added by the program

as these components are drawn.


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Z = - 32.25'

Z = - 8.25'

Z = - 47.0'

In order to draw piles and pile cap

grid lines will be required at:

X = 73.5 , 75.5 , 80.0 , 84.5 , 86.5

Y = -2.0 , -4.0 , -8.5 , -13.0 , -15.0

Z = -8.25 , -32.25 , - 47.0


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Typical joint and label


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Repeat Rubberband Zoom

to zoom in further

Region enclosed with RubberbandZoomexpanded to full view window


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Uncheck

Turn off Joint Labels, but leave Jointsshowing

Rememberthese joints are

automatically created by CSI Bridge

anytime model is Updated


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Right-click anywhere in

drawing window

Can be in any heading ( Homeshow here )

View default grid linescreated by CSI Brid ge


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1. Delete the grid lines for X = 0, Y = 0 and Z = 0

2. Enter grid lines listed on Slide 38 ( be certain units are Kip, ft, F)

Enter

Double left-click on

each cell


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Only the grid lines listed in the Define

Grid System Datatable are shown


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View of XZplane ( in +Ydirection )

If the XZ view is chosen, then the user can

"step through" the XZ planes at

Y = -2.0 , -4.0 , -8.5 , -13.0 , and -15.0

These are the planes that have been created

by drawing the grid lines.

There must be grid lines at these Y locations

for the "step through" to be possible

X

Z

Y


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Switch to a 2D view in the XZplane in the +Ydirection

View of XZplane


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View of XZplane atY = -15

"X-Z Plane @ Y=-15"

X=0

X=80

X=160

X=86.5

X=73.5

X=73.5

X=84.5

Z = -8.25

Z = -32.25

Z = -47.0

Cursor location

Use arrows to "step up" or "step down" through Y planes

Grid lines


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For a horizontalelement ( on that lies in the structure X-Yplane ) the plate element 1-2-3

local coordinates are oriented as shown:

U1

U2

U3

R3

R2

R1

1

3

2

X

Z

Y


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Bent column

PilePile

Joint

Element

Pile cap corner

Pile-to-cap connection Column-to-pile-to-cap connection

The pile cap must be subdivided into enough

elements so that there is ajo in tat each location

where "something happens":

Pile cap corners

Pile-to-cap connections

Bent column-to-pile-to-cap connection


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D il i XY l t Z 32 25


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Draw pile cap in XYplane at Z = -32.25

Use Hometab Rubberband Zoomto enlarge figure

nodes at column bases

grid lines


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Enlarged view of XYplane grid lines at Z = -32.25

Joint at column base

grid lines


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Draw rectangular area

Select Area Section

Pile_cap_platethat

was defined earlier

Select Rectangular Areatab and select Area Section


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Move(not drag) the

cursor to this Grid Point

and left-clickmouse

1

Line added to show element just drawn

Position cursor to draw element 2


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Move(not drag) cursor

pointer to Grid Point

Left-clickmousethis will

show joints at the corners of

plate element 2just drawn

2 11 2

Lines added to show previously-drawn element

Dotted line appears as cursor is moved until Grid Point is reached

Draw the secondof 16 plate Areaelements


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P iti t d l t 4


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Move(not drag) the cursor to this

Grid Pointand left-clickmouse

Grid point

1 2 3

Position cursor to draw element 4


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Grid point

Move(not drag) cursor

pointer to Grid Point

Left-clickmousethis will

show joints at the corners of

plate element 4just drawn

41 2 3 41 2 3

Dotted line appears as cursor is moved until Grid Point is reached

Dotted lines added to show

previously-drawn elements

Draw the fourthof 16 plate Areaelements


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Second row of fourelementsthat make up the

pile cap plate. Againjoints

have been inserted at the

corners of each element at

the grid points.

Dotted lines added to show elements

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Firstand second rows of elements are now drawn

Draw third row of 4 elements ( elements 912 of 16 )


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Start

Left-click

Left-click

Left-click

Left-click End

( )

Fi t d d thi d f l t d


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Third row of four elements

that make up the pile cap

plate.


1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

First, second, and third rows of elements are now drawn

Draw fourth row of 4 elements ( elements 13 16 of 16 )


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Start

Left-clickLeft-click Left-click

Left-click

End

Left-click

Draw fourth row of 4 elements ( elements 13 16 of 16 )

Drawing of Area elements that make up pile cap is complete


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Drawing of Areaelements that make up pile cap is complete

Fourth row of four elementsthatmake up the pile cap plate.


1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16


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Click arrow symbol to exit drawing mode Go to Homeand turn on Extrude View

Grayed area shows elements just drawn


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Turn on Area Labels and Local Axes


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Turn on Area Labelsand Local Axes

X

Z

Y

Turn onExtrude View


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Z = - 32.25

4.0'

Z = - 32.25

In Display Options

check Extrude View

Labelsare not shown

in Extrude View

Use Set 3D Viewto switch to XZ View


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XZ view

XZ l E t d Vi ( P ti t l d ff )


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XZplane Extrude View( Perspectivetoggled off )

Base of column atmid-depth of pile cap

Z = -32.25

Perspectivetoggle

D th th il t Y 13 0


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Draw the three piles at Y = -13.0

Z = - 32.25

Z = - 47.0

Switch to XZ View and step to plane at Y = -13


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Switch to XZ Viewand step to plane atY 13

Here, do not use Moreto set view

Three piles will be draw

using these grid lines

Use Rubberband Zoom to expand the area where the piles will be drawn


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Use Rubberband Zoomto expand the area where the piles will be drawn


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Three piles will be draw using

these three grid lines

Mid-depth of pile cap

Z = -32.25

Tips of pilesZ = -47.0

Go to Advancedtab, which opens Drawoptions


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, p p

Select Frame/Cable/Tendon

Select from list

Draw pile at X = 75 5


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Draw pile at X = 75.5

Move pointer to grid point atX = 75.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -47.0

Left c l ickto begin drawing


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Move pointer to grid point at

X = 75.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -32.25

Left cl ickto complete line

Right cl ick to "lift pencil"

Draw pile at X = 80 0


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Move pointer to grid point atX = 80.0, Y = -13.0, Z = -47.0

Left c l ickto begin drawing


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X = 80.0, Y = -13.0, Z = -32.25

Left c l ickto complete line




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X = 84.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -47.0

Left cl ickto begin drawing


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X = 84.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -32.25

Left cl ickto complete line


The three piles at Y = -13.0 are complete


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Exit drawing mode

At Hometab Refresh Windowto see the piles and nodes just drawn


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What's missing?

There are no boundary

restraintsat the column bases(as shown, columns are free in

all d.o.f.)

Apply a fixedboundary restraint at the base of the column at X = 75.5


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Pile

Right cl ickon joint Flashing red circle


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Double left click


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Restraint symbol

added at node


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Repeat for these nodes ( one at a time )

See next page


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Right clickjoint

Double left click

Piles with boundary restraints completed at Y = -13.0 are complete


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Refresh drawing


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Rubberband Zoomthis area

Piles, nodes and boundary restraints at Y = -13.0


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Nodes at outer cornersof corner plate elements


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Base of column and tops of

piles at mid-depth of pile cap

Z = -32.25

Tips of piles

Z = -47.0

Draw the three piles each at Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0


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Z = - 32.25

Z = - 47.0

Option 1: In XZViewmanually draw piles at Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0


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Y = -8.5

Y = -4.0

Step to Y = -8.5 and draw threepiles and add boundary restraints

as previously shown

Step to Y = -4.0 and repeat

Option 2: Replicatethe three piles and boundary restraints at Y = -13.0


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to Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0. This can be done in

1. Two steps: Replicate three piles at Y = -13.0 to Y = -8.5 in one step,

and then replicate the same piles atY = -13.0 to Y = -4.0

in a separate step

2. One step: Replicate three piles at Y = -13.0 to both Y = -8.5 and

Y = -4.0 in a single step.

The one-step replication is possible if spacings between the three lines of piles are the same.

Here, the spacings between Y = -13 andY = -8.5 and between Y = -85. and Y = -4.0 are

Y = +4.5 . Note thatY is positive because the "Y steps" will be from Y = -13.0 to

Y = -8.5 and then from Y = -8.5 to Y = -4.0.

The one-step replication will be use here.

Show only the footing/pile area


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Rubberband Zoomthis area

Select: Three piles, six nodes (at ends of piles), and three boundary restraints


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Do not include the

plate edge nodes

for replication

Use the following four steps

to make this selection

Selection Step 1


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Hold leftbutton down

Let left

button up

Drag mouse from leftto right

Selected area

Plate corner node

Node at bottom of pile

Node at top of pileDrag mouse to include the pile,

plus the joints at the top and

bottom of the pile.

Note that the plate corner node

cannot be avoided. It will be

deselected in Step 4.

Selection Step 2 Selection Step 3


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p Selection Step 3

Hold left

button down

Let left

button up

Drag mouse

Selected area

Node at top of pile

Node at bottom of pile

Drag mouse

Hold left

button down

Let left

button up

Selected area

Node at top

of pile

Node at bottom

of pile

Selection Step 4


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Selection Step 4

Objects to be replicated

Left-click to deselect

the plate corner joint

Replicate3-pile selection Y = +4.5 twice in one step


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Y = +4.5

Y = +4.5

Replicatecompletedview in Hometab, Rubberband Zoom


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Rubberband Zoom

Two rows of

piles added

Perspective Extrude Viewof selected area


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Open and select Extrude View

Switch to XZ View


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XZ Extrude View ( Perspectiveturned off )


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X

Z

Perspectivetoggle

Switch to YZ View


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YZ Extrude View ( Perspectiveturned off )


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Y

ZView towardX = 0

Pile rows added by Replicate

Perspectivetoggle

Z Z

Finish drawing the foundations


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Y

Z

5.0 5.017.0

Y

Z

Y = +17.0

Replicate

Just completed

In Hometab:

Turn off Extrude View, select 3-dView, and Rubberband Zoomto get area shown


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u o Extrude View , se ec 3 d View , a d Rubberband Zoom o ge a ea s o

Drag mouse from left to right to select pile cap and piles


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Start selection

End selection

Be sure to include the

plate node at the farcorner of the pile cap.

Selected objects to Replicate


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Selected objects: Pile cap

(16 finite elements) and

nine fixed-base piles

Replicateselected objects


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Replicated objectsnote that grid

lines are not replicated or expanded

In Hometab, return to Perspective View


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Switch to Perspective Extrude View


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Switch toYZ Extrude View


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YZ Extrude View


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Y

Z

Grid lines

Perspectivetoggle

Y

Z

Perspectiveon Perspectiveoff

Grid lines

The grid linescan now be either deletedor hidden

Deletegrid lines .. a bad idea .DON'T DO IT


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Delete all

Right click

anywhere in view

panel

Hidethe grid lines


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Right click

anywhere in view

panel

The grid lines are still there, but are hidden.

They can be unhidden by the same procedure ( as will be done in Option 3 of this Exercise )


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Foundation drawing completed and the grid has been hidden


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Perspectiveon

Perspectivetoggle

Perspectiveoff

But.is the foundation part

of the Bridge Model?

In Hometab, Restore Full View( Perspective) and turn off Extrude View


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In Bridgetab, Updatethe Bridge Modelto include the foundations


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After the Bridge Modelhas been updated, switch to the Analysistab

and run an analysis for the DEADloads


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In the Hometab, open the Deformed Shapebox


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The deformed shape has been drawn using a

very small default Auto Scalingfactor

Choose a Scale Factorthat shows a reasonable deformed shape


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The magnitude of the scale factor has no physical

significance it is just a relative number


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Extrude Viewoff

Extrude Viewon

Displacements U1, U2, U3measured in structure X-Y-Zcoordinates


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X (U1)

Z (U3)

Y (U2)

Deflected profile


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Deflection reference line

Deflection at bent due to elastic shortening

of the bent columns and the piles

X (U1)

Z (U3)

XZplane

Selected vertical deflections


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U3 = -0.2957 in

X (U1)

Z (U3)

Set units to inches

Move cursor to joint

U3 = -0.0593 in

Longitudinal ( M3) moment diagramEntire Bridge


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X

Z

Y

1

2

3

Structure ("global")

coordinate system

Member coordinate system for

member laid out from X = 0 toX at the end of the bridge

3107 ft-k

4913 ft-k

Compare DEADload moment diagrams for two column base options

Option 2Option 1


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Bent columns on pile foundations

( column extended to mid-depth

of pile cap )

3107 ft-k

4913 ft-k

Bent columns fixed at bases

4949 ft-k

2997 ft-k

Why are they different?

Vertical reactions at tips of piles


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If necessary, use Display Options

to turn off viewing Restraints


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Rubberband Zoomto

isolate this footing

Isolated view of pile footing reactions in Y region


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Bentcolumn

Right-click on joint

In XZ plane view reactions at each Y position


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Use arrows to select Y = - 4.0

( note that Y position is notshown

anywhere on the screennasty )

Rubberband Zoom

Vertical reactions atY = - 13.0 ft


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X=75.5

X=80.0

X

=84.5

Y = - 13.0

Vertical reactions at Y = - 8.5 ft


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X=75.5

X=80.0

X=

84.5

Y = - 8.5

Vertical reactions at Y = - 4.0 ft


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X=75.5

X=80.0

X=

84.5

Y = - 4.0

Total upward vertical reactionper pile footing


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52.47 + 55.05 + 52.39 = 159.9

52.47 + 55.05 + 52.39 = 159.9

55.09 + 65.87 + 55.01 = 176.0 495.8 kips

Axial forceat base of bent column


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present view ( whatever it may be )

Display member axial force for Frame Members


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Rubberband Zoom to improve resolution


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Bent column appears when Y = - 8.5'

Select Y = - 8.5 ft

Note: Y position not shown!!

Rubberband zoom

Axial force near base of bent column ( approximately at top of pile cap )


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Axial compression near base of bent

column = - 372.0 (4 sig. figures)

Alternate viewXZ View ( Rubberband Zoom)


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Axial compression near base of bent

column = - 372.0 (4 sig. figures)

Select Y = - 8.5 ft in XZ view

Note: Y position not shown!!

Show member axial force diagrams


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If necessary, use Display Options

to turn off viewing Restraints

Compression forces in piles and in bent column where it connects to

the plate element at the mid-depth of the pile cap


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R = 52.47

(earlier slides)

Put cursoron joint

Rubberband Zoom

Use Advanced Assign More to clear display of currently-shown results


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13.0' x 13.0'

concrete pile capWeight of concrete pile cap( disregard 2.0' steel pipe

Pile and cap weights


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4.0'

12.75'

concrete pile cap

concrete filled 14"-diamsteel piles ( 9 total )

doutside= 14"

tw = 3/8"

concrete core

steel pipe

g p p ( g p p

length extensions into pile cap ):

13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' x 0.15 k/ft3

= 101.4 kips

Weight per pile:

Core diameter = 13.25" / 12 in/ft = 1.102 ft

ft/ft9575.0ft/ft4

104.1 222

Core area per foot =

Core weight = 0.9575 ft2/f x 0.15 k/ft3 = 0.1436 k/ft

Pipe area per foot = ft/ft1115.0ft/)ft/in144(4

in)25.130.14( 222

222

Pipe weight = 0.1115 ft2/f x 0.495 k/ft3 = 0.0552 k/ft

Pile weight per foot = ( 0.1436 + 0.0552 ) k/ft = 0.1988 k/ft

Weight per pile = 0.1988 k/ft x 12.75 ft = 2.535 k/pile

Total pile weight = 2.535 k/pile x 9 piles = 22.8 kips

Check pile footing vertical equilibrium

Column force near top of pile cap = 372.0 kips


177/178


Total reaction = 495.8 kips upward ( Slide 176 )

Total pile weight = 22.8 kips

Pile cap weight = 101.4 kips

496.2 kips downward

Close enough !!

(why not use 373.1 kipsSlide 176 ??)

Save your CSI Bridge .bdb file in twoversions:


178/178

Save as: Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option2.bdb

This is the option just completed in which the two columns bases frame into

the pile cap in a pile-cap/piles foundation

Save as: Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option3.bdb

This will be the starting point for the next option in which the columns bases

are connected to the pile caps by Joint Constra ints

Documents

Example2 Two Equal Spans Option2 Final