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Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University School of Medicine Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

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Page 1: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Examination of Drug Related Data:

Economic Factors and Potential Causes in

ChangesCecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D

Associate Professor

St. George’s University

School of Medicine

Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

Page 2: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University
Page 3: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Why Data?Drives decisions

Informs Policies

Monitor, Track & Evaluate

Proactive

Page 4: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Data Information

Decisions

Page 5: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Outline

Background

Economic situation

Arrests & Conviction Data

Types of Offences Data

Recommendations

Brief Demonstration of GIS

Page 6: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Data: 1998-2008GRENDIN Statistical Indicators

Drug arrests Types of offenses Admission to Treatment units/facilities

Cia Factbook

Center of Statistics

International Monetary Fund

Page 7: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

References for TermsGDP –A measure of a countries overall

performance within the country Purchasing Power Income Employment

Inflation – the rise in the general level of prices of goods and services How far your money will go

Foreign Investment External Resources creating jobs

Import of Goods Dependence on external sources

Page 8: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

References (con’t)Foreign Investment

External Resources creating jobs

Import of Goods Dependence on external sources

Page 9: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

EconomyLabor Force (est. 2003)

Agriculture 5.4% Bananas, citrus, avocado, root crops, sugar cane,

maize, vegetables, cocoa, nutmeg Industry 18%

Food & beverage, textiles, light assembly operations, construction

Services 76.6% Tourism, education

Taken from www.cia.gov

Page 10: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

EconomyUnemployment rate: 12.5% (est. 2000)

Population below poverty: 32% (est. 2000)

Transnational Small scale cannabis cultivation Lesser transshipment point for marijuana and

cocaine

Taken from www.cia.gov

Page 11: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

ImportsFood

Manufactured goods

Machinery

Chemicals

Fuels

Page 12: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

In GeneralDeveloping a workforce to laborers

Dependent on external materials

High unemployment

High poverty

Page 13: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Statistical Indicators by

Time

Page 14: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University
Page 15: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University
Page 16: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University
Page 17: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Economic Trends of Drug Convictions by

Age

Page 18: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends 15 – 19 year oldsTrend

Decrease in foreign investment

Interpretation Unskilled Minimal qualifications Trying to enter into a competitive job market

Page 19: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends: 20 – 24 & 25 - 29Trend

Decrease in import of goods

Interpretation Experimental and exploration ages Limited external stimuli

Page 20: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends: 35 – 39 Trend

Decrease in GDP

Interpretation Job loss due to economic conditions

Page 21: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends: 40+Trend

Increase in foreign investment Increase in GDP Increase in GDP growth

Interpretation Forced out of the labor market Employers want younger workers

Page 22: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends in Type of Offense

Page 23: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University
Page 24: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends Possession of MarijuanaTrend

Increase in foreign investment Increase GDP Decrease import of goods

Implications More disposable income

Page 25: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends in TraffickingTrends

Increase in GDP Increase in foreign investment Decrease import of goods

Implications Reflects disposable income Policing works (when increase in import of

goods)

Page 26: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends in Cultivation of MarijuanaTrend

Increase in inflation

Implications Use of fertile land Raw materials and food are being imported Source of revenue

Page 27: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends in Intent to SupplyTrend

Decrease import of goods Increase GDP growth

Implications More disposable income

Page 28: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Trends in Cocaine PossessionTrends

Decrease import of goods

Implications Trafficking increases

Page 29: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

TrendsDrug distribution and use is related to the

economy

All age groups reflect different economic factors

Reflects workforce training

Page 30: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

LimitationDoes not reflect consumer behavior

Examination of trends using external sources of data

Page 31: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Grenada is at risk to drugsHigh poverty level

High unemployment rate

Geographic location

Imposing of taxes

No big industry

Page 32: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

What is not KnownThe impact of drugs on society

Drug use and abuse information

Impact of alcohol

In depth examination of who, what, when where and why

Effect of cultural acceptance

Page 33: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

What’s Next?Expand the data that are collected and

reported

Ask: what do we want to know?

Include data on: Employment/unemployment Enrollment of vocational training Secondary school dropout Accidents involving drugs (i.e. automobile)

Use emerging technology to improve tracking

Page 34: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Emerging TechnologyFree Geographic Information System (GIS) tools

for tracking and monitoring

Google.maps.com

Many-eyes.com

Page 35: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

BenefitsGeographically represent locations of various

activity

Impact of policy & programs

Include spatial context

Page 36: Examination of Drug Related Data: Economic Factors and Potential Causes in Changes Cecilia Hegamin-Younger, Ph.D Associate Professor St. George’s University

Questions?