Exam Review 2 Chloroplast Stomate function Stomates Photosynthesis Photosynthesis and Respiration Wavelengths used in Photosynthesis Wavelengths and plant pigments Light energy and Chloropyll Photosystem 1 and 2 Photosynthesis 1 and 2 Photosystems 1 and 2 in Chloroplast Light Reaction and Calvin cycle Photosynthesis and Respiration C4 and CAMplants Respiration Photosynthesis and Respiration Respiration Glycolysis in Cytoplasm and Krebs Cycle in Mitochondria How Plants Grow Turgid Cell Pathway of Water Through a Plant How do guard cells open and close? Pressure Flow Hypothesis Plant Nutirents Nutrient Deficiencies Auxins Auxins and Phototropism Abscisic Acid Cytokinins Ehtylene gas used for ripening bananas Gibberellins Gravitropism Photo and Geo or Gravitropism Thigmotropism Aspen regeneration Cut or burn trees hormones released in suckers (probably auxins ) Fall colors Yellow-hidden by chlorophyll and brightness of red dependent upon the amount of sugars produced in summer. Abscission caused by ethylene. Want warm sunny days and cool nights in fall for best fall color. Scientific Method Carolus Linneaus Linnaea borealis-Twin Flower Species Plantarum Binomial System Herbarium specimen Six Kingdoms Phylogenetic Tree Polyphyletic Group: descendants of two or more disparate ancestors Monophyletic Group: a common ancestor and all of its descendants Paraphyletic Group: a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants Homologous structures in Animals Homologous structures in Plants Analogous Structures in Animals Analogous Structures in Plants Evolutionary Trends Prokaryote Archaea Crown Gall Disease Useful and Harmful Bacteria for Plants Useful as: biological control, nitrogen fixation, decomposers Harmful: cause many diseases in plants including galls, rot, blight, wilt, spots, and cankers. Cyanobacteria Cell know names on left, not CPG Parts of a cyanobacteria Nostoc and Gunnera-mutually symbiotic relationship for nitrogen fixation Azolla-Nitrogen Fixation with Anabaena in Rice fields Cycad-Neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria leads to neurological diorders from eating cycad seeds Cyanobacteria bloom Sloth-Cyanobacteria live in the fur Cryptobiotic Crust Protists Eukaryotic Evolution Fossil Record for Plants Phyllum Charophyta Chara-Stoneowrts Diatoms Dinoflagellates Plasmodial Slime Mold Plasmodial Slime Mold Life Cycle (example) Cellular Slime Mold Cellular Slime Mold Life cycle(example) Water Mold Water Molds (example) Clamydomonas Chlamydomonas life cycle (Example) Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas Zygotic and Gametic Meiosis-Know Volvox Volvox Sexual Reporduction Volvox Asexual Reporduction Volvox Asexual Reproduction Volvox Spirogyra Spirogyra conjugation Ulva Ulva life cycle (Example) Sporic Meiosis (Know) Acetabluaria-Mermaids Wineglass Desmid Desmid Asexual Reproduction Brown Algae-Giant Kelp Brown Algae-Sea Palm Brown Algae-Fucus, Rockweed Fucus life cycle (Example) Algin Red Algae-Porphyra Coralline Red Algae Agar Red algae on outside of sushi Carageenan-Red Algae used in food, may cause gastrointestinal inflamations Mushroom Fungi phylogeny Chytrid Chytridiomycota life cycle Zygomycota-Black Bread Mold life cycle Ascomycetes-Cup Fungi Ascomycetes-Morels Ascomycetes life cycle Ascomycetes-Cup fungi Basidiomycetes-Gill Mushrooms Basidiomycetes life cycle Basidimycetes-Pore mushrooms Chantrelle Mushroom Lichen reproduction Fruticose Lichen-orange one Crustose Lichens Foliose Lichen Crustose Lichen Fruticose Lichen Foliose Lichen Hydrothyria venosa-aquatic lichen From Bacteria to Fungi