MICROBIOLOGY. 2ND YEAR PHARMACY DEGREE. FINAL EXAM

JUNE 26TH 2015

NAME:

1. Light microscopy: give the names of all the different light microscopy techniques/microscopes and their application, and draw a schematic representation of two different types of light microscopes.

2. How can bacteria obtain energy in the absence of oxygen? Describe the different mechanisms. Why some of these bacteria can tolerate oxygen and others cannot survive in the presence of oxygen?

3. Describe, using graphs, how temperature and pH affect the growth rate of a mesophilic and neutrophilic bacteria.

4. Name the targets of the following chemotherapeutic agents: Cloramphenicol; Vancomycin; Amphotericin B; Tetracyclin; Sulphonamides; Ampicillin; Fluoroquinolones; Rifampin; Polymixyn; Streptomycin.

5. Quote the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. Define the following terms: Bacteriocin; Rolling Circle mechanism; Generalized Transduction; Sexduction; Reversion; Toxigenic Factor; RTF.

6. DTP and MMR vaccines protect against six diseases, which ones? Which microorganisms cause them? How are they transmitted?

7. Give the names of three picornaviruses, a togavirus, a retrovirus, a hepadnavirus and four viruses that may be considered as “emerging”.

8. Give the names of: two sporulated bacilli which produce neurotoxins, two acid-fast bacilli, two enterobacteria, two bacteria that cause hospital-acquired infections and two bacteria that cause infections transmitted by milk and cheese.