exam 2 learning in a natural environment special case... flower learning

exam 2

learning in a natural environment

special case... flower learning

odor learning in the proboscis extension reflex

summary

PART 4: BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY#19: ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING IN HONEYBEES II

exam 2

learning in a natural environment

special case... flower learning

odor learning in the proboscis extension reflex

summary

PART 4: BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY#19: ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING IN HONEYBEES II

Dr. Spence Behmer Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University Friday, April 6th @ 3:30 WHI Auditorium Grasshoppers and nutritional physiology:

from learning to community structure to supplement your enjoyment or if you can’t make the seminar… literature will be posted be ready for one bonus question on the final

SEMINAR

PER from sucrose contact on proboscis or antennae reliable in hungry bees studied in the laboratory used with odor for conditioning some simple rules for learning...

ODOR LEARNING & PROBOSCIS EXTENTION REFLEX

odor by itself does not elicit PER classical or Pavlovian conditioning

US = sucrose UR = PER CS = odor training: US + CS test: CR = PER

bees learn that odor predicts sucrose reward


in color experiment classical or Pavlovian conditioning

US = sucrose UR = feeding CS = color training: US + CS test: CR = preference

bees learn that color predicts sucrose reward


CS (e.g., color) must precede US (sucrose)


CS (e.g., pattern) must precede US (e.g., sucrose) can use 2 CS stimuli = differential conditioning

CS+ = paired with US CS– = not paired with US CR = shift in preference for either

training

testing


CS (e.g., odor) must precede US (e.g., shock) can use 2 CS stimuli = differential conditioning

CS+ = paired with US CS– = not paired with US CR = shift in preference for either

odor “A” (CS+) + shock (US) odor “B” (CS–) flies choice point

training

testing


CS (e.g., odor) must precede US (e.g., shock) timing critical determine interstimulus

interval function


interstimulus interval function determination in PER CS = geraniol odor US = sucrose

optimal response when CS preceeds US by 2-3s


interstimulus interval function determination in PER similar to color learning in free flying bees

CS = color US = sucrose

optimal response when CS preceeds US by 2-3s


acquisition function determination in PER how fast do bees learn?

CS = odor US = sucrose

asymptotic response with 3 trials excitatory or faciliatory conditioning leads to CR


CS as predictor of the absence of US how does unpaired CS pre-exposure influence CR?

CS = odor US = sucrose

inhibitory conditioning reduces effect of training CS is a less reliable predictor of US for the bees


differential conditioning in PER can it be reversed?

CS+ = odor A paired CS– = odor B unpaired US = sucrose

1st generalize to odor, then differentiate with training CR+ & CR– are opposite reversal training = retrain bees to alternate odors


insect brains ~ vertebrate brains fewer neurons ~ complexity

ANATOMY OF PER


e.g., Drosophila

ANATOMY OF PER


e.g., Drosophila sensory input

ANATOMY OF PER


e.g., Drosophila sensory input motor output

ANATOMY OF PER


e.g., Drosophila sensory input motor output processing

ANATOMY OF PER


e.g., Drosophila sensory input motor output processing neuropile cell bodies

ANATOMY OF PER

honeybee brain ~ 106 neurons complex

what neuropiles mediate PER?

ANATOMY OF PER



CS

ANATOMY OF PER



CS US + “VUM”

ANATOMY OF PER



CS US CS + US convergence?

ANATOMY OF PER

CS + US convergence? 3 regions tested using bilateral cooling:

antennal lobe mushroom body -lobe mushroom body -lobe

ANATOMY OF PER



ANATOMY OF PER



distributed function MB most critical

ANATOMY OF PER

CS + US convergence? two specific neurons tested for PER functions:

PE1 VUMmx1

ANATOMY OF PER

CS + US convergence? PE1

dye filled

ANATOMY OF PER


intracellular recordings reduced response after training

ANATOMY OF PER


intracellular recordings qualitative change in response with multiple trials may be change in PE1 or change in KC input suggest PE1 involvement in memory acquisition

ANATOMY OF PER

CS + US convergence? VUMmx1

ventral unpaired medial dye filled

VERY extensive pattern of arborization all areas of CS & US input

ANATOMY OF PER


intracellular recording

fires in response to sucrose application triggers neural circuit proboscis extension*

ANATOMY OF PER


substitute sugar with injected current measurement of PER* VUMmx1 provides US current alone does UR separates sensory from US at neural level

ANATOMY OF PER


intracellular recordings spikes with forward conditioning only

ANATOMY OF PER


differential conditioning intracellular recordings

responds to CS+ only

ANATOMY OF PER


1st order conditioning train: CS1 (odor A) + US1 (sugar) test: CS1 CR1 (PER)

2nd order conditioning train: CS2 (odor B) + CS1 (odor A = US2) test: CS2 CR2 (PER = CR1)

ANATOMY OF PER


octopamine transmitter substitute sugar with octopamine injection @

calyx antennal lobe

measurement of PER* VUMmx1 provides US

ANATOMY OF PER

learning necessary for survival in nature several forms of learning several modalities of learning rapid learning permanent memory in 3 trials temporal requirements of learning critical waggle dance integrate stimuli can learn complex patterns can learn general environmental features

LEARNING IN HONEYBEES: SUMMARY

proboscis extension reflex (PER) show all features of learning described in vertebrates

temporal requirements of learning differential conditioning inhibitory learning 2nd order conditioning

structures correlated with learning mushroom bodies & antennal lobes

neurons correlated with learning PE1 & VUMmx1

LEARNING IN HONEYBEES: SUMMARY

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exam 2 learning in a natural environment special case... flower learning