ISSN(Online): 2320-9801 ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Special Issue 4, August 2016

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Evolution of Mobile Communication Network: from 1G to 5G

Dr.Prinima, Dr.Jyoti Pruthi

Dept. of Computer Science & Technology, Manav Rachna University, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT: Subscribers now a day’s look for appropriate package including the entire advance features as they are becoming aware of the mobile phone technology transformation. This drives the main intention of the cell phone giants to search for the new technology to outperform their competitors. The users can use these applications at anytime and anywhere through mobile communication. The aim of this survey is to address the evolution of mobile communications, from its first generation, 1G, to the latest 5G. KEYWORDS: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, AMPS, GSM, GPRS.

I. INTRODUCTION The first mobile phone system was established in Japan and the launch for first mobile system was occurred in Sweden, Norway,

Denmark and Finland. After these progress, the generations for mobile wireless communication starts. In this research work, we presented the detailed survey of different generations of mobile communication networks.

The First Generation (1G) mobile phone networks uses analog signals to transmit the voice calls only between the two transmitters. Second Generation (2G) mobile network is the next stage in the development of wireless technology to overcome the limitations of 1G by primarily focusing on transmission of voice and data with digital signals. Third Generation (3G) was arrived because of low speed and incompatible technologies used on previous generations. The main features of 3G is that it allows higher data transmission rates and increased capacity for traditional voice call and high speed data applications such as Global Roaming, internet, mobile, video conferencing, video calls and 3D gaming. 4G is known as beyond 3G, stands as an acronym for fourth generation communication system which describes the next step in wireless communication.4G is called as MAGIC because the users can use the mobile multimedia at anytime anywhere with global mobility support on integrated wireless solution and customized personal service at higher data rates than previous generations. Fifth Generation (5G) is a packet switched wireless mobile communication system with extensive area coverage and high through put. Hence it is called as Real World Wireless or wireless World Wide Web (WWWW)[1].

Figure 1: Evolution of Mobile Technologies

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

5G (Mastercore)

Municipal WiFi

1G 2G

3G 3G+ E3G

Pre-Standard Fixed Wireless802.16e 802.16m Wi Max

ISSN(Online): 2320-9801 ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Special Issue 4, August 2016

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II. 1G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The 1st generation was pioneered for voice service in early 1980s, where almost all of them were analog systems

using the frequency modulation technique for radio transmission using frequency division multiple access (FDMA) with channel capacity of 30 KHz and frequency band was 824-894 MHz, which was based on a technology known as Advance Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)[2] and its speed is up to 2.4 Kbps[3].

There are few limitations in the 1G Mobile Communication. First of all it does not have data service to convert the voice into digital signals. Secondly, Global Roaming Service was not possible, low capacity, unreliable hand off, Poor Voice Quality because in 1G, the data can be carried by only one channel from source (one caller) to destination (another).This means that the two callers are not able to hear each other simultaneously since the number of calls was limited.

III. 2G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The 2nd generation was accomplished in later 1990s. The 2G mobile communication system is a digital system; this

system is still mostly used in different parts of the world. This generation mainly used for voice transmission with digital signals and the speed up to 64 kbps and also offered additional services such as as short message services, picture message services and Multi Media Message services (MMS). In this generation two digital modulation schemes are used; one is time division multiple access (TDMA) and the 2 nd is code division multiple access (CDMA) and frequency band is 850-1900 MHz. In 2G, GSM technology uses eight channels per carrier with a gross data rate of 22.8 kbps (a net rate of 13 kbps) in the full rate channel and a frame of 4.6 milliseconds (ms) duration .The family of this generation includes of 2G, 2.5G and 2.75G [2].

There are few limitations in the 2G Mobile Communication. First strong digital signals are required to make the mobile phones work. Secondly, digital signals would be week if there is no proper network coverage in the specified area. Last, it’s difficult to handle complex data such as video etc.

IV. 3G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The 3rd generation (3G) which was introduced in the year 2000 are the services which combine high speed mobile

access with Internet Protocol (IP)-based services. The 3G W-CDMA air interface standard had been designed for always-on packet-based wireless service, so that computer, entertainment devices and telephones may all share the same wireless network and be connected internet anytime, anywhere The data rate supported by 3G networks depends also on the environment the call is being made in; 144 kbps in satellite and rural outdoor, 384 kbps in urban outdoor and 2Mbps in indoor and low range outdoor. The frequency band is 1.8 - 2.5 GHz [2].

The important feature of 3G technology is that it provides higher data transmission rates up to 2 Mbps, over 5 MHz channel carrier width, depending on mobility/velocity, and high spectrum efficiency. Because of greater data rate and bandwidth 3G mobile phones offers multimedia applications and mobile internet access [4]. 3G delivers more new features such as Web browsing, e-mail, TV streaming, video conferencing, paging , 11sec-1.5min time to download a 3min Mp3 song, fax and navigational maps.3G technology is more flexible because it sustenance the 5 main radio technologies. These radio technologies functions beneath CDMA, TDMA and FDMA. The purpose of the 3G is to provide more coverage and evolution with lowest investment.

There are few limitations in the 3G Mobile Communication. First, it requires higher bandwidth. Secondly, cost for the 3G mobile phone is high. Third, Size of the phone is large. Fourth, it’s difficult to build the infrastructure for 3G.

V. 4G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The 4th generation (4G) of mobile communication system is introduced in the year 2010. A 4G system must provide

capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud computing. 4G is the IP-based mobile system that provides access through a collection of radio interfaces.It has the capability to

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provide speed of 100 Mbps – 1Gbps and has high QoS (Quality of service) and security. It also offers various kind of service at any time as per user requirements at anywhere [5].

4G Wireless technology is combined together with the existing and the proposed wireless network technology ( e.g. OFDM,MC-CDMA,LAS-CDMA) in order to avoid the faultless roaming from one technology to another. LTE (Long Term Evolution) and Wi-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technologies are used for fourth generation.USB wireless modems were among the first devices able to access these networks, with WiMAX smartphones becoming available during 2010, and LTE smartphones arriving in 2011. 3G and 4G equipment made for other continents are not always compatible because of different frequency bands. Mobile WiMAX is not available for the European market as of April 2012.

There are few limitations in 4G. First, the usage of battery in 4G mobile phone is more. Secondly, implementation of hardware is difficult. Thirdly, complicated hardware is necessary and finally, exclusive network is compulsory to implement the following generation network.

VI. 5G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The 5thgeneration (5G) of wireless mobile communication system is the wireless internet network which is

maintained by OFDM, MC-CDMA, LAS-CDMA, UWB, Network-LMDS and IPv6. The 5G is called as Real world wireless or wwww worldwide wireless web because it does not require limitations.Physical layer and data link layer defines the wireless technology in 5G. These two layers indicate that the 5G technology is like Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) and the virtual multi-wireless network are also maintained in the 5G technology mobile phones. To perform this, the network layer is sub divided into upper network layer for upper terminal and lower network layer for interface and where all the routing is based in IP addresses and that should be different for each IP network in world wide.

5G Wireless Communication System is not deployed yet. The big challenge for the design and deployment of 5G wireless system can be faced easily as proposed features and architecture (mentioned below) that will increase system capacity and quality within the limited available frequency spectrum, whose frequency band and Data Bandwidth will be3-300GHz and 1Gbps & higher (as demand) successively. The remarkable issue, there don’t have any limitation in5G as respect to user demands in the next 200 years. The 5G also implies the whole wireless world interconnection (WISDOM—Wireless Innovative System for Dynamic Operating Mega communications concept), together with very high data rates of the Quality of Service (QoS) applications.

The main disadvantage of the 5G technology is higher big rate. The big rate is controlled by using Open Control Protocol (OTP) [1].This OTP is supported by transport layer and session layer in 5G networks. The application layer is for quality of service management over different type of networks. Bidirectional bandwidths, less traffic, equally availability of network across the world, 25Mbps connectivity speed, data bandwidth higher than 1GB and low cost are the main features of 5G technology.

VII. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERATIONS

Generation (1G,2G,3G,

4G,5G)

Definition Throughput/

Speed

Technology Time period Features

1G Analog 14.4 Kbps (peak)

AMPS,NMT,TACS 1970 – 1980 During 1G Wireless phones are used for voice only.

2G Digital Narrow band circuit data

9.6/14.4 Kbps TDMA,CDMA 1990 to 2000 2G capabilities are achieved by allowing multiple users on a single channel via multiplexing.During 2G Cellular phones are used for data also along with voice.

2.5G Packet Data

171.2 Kbps(peak) 20-40 Kbps

GPRS 2001-2004 In 2.5G the internet becomes popular and data becomes more relevant.2.5G Multimedia services and streaming starts to show growth.Phones start supporting web browsing though limited and very few phones have that.

3G Digital Broadband Packet Data

3.1 Mbps (peak) 500-700 Kbps

CDMA 2000 (1xRTT, EVDO) UMTS, EDGE

2004-2005 3G has Multimedia services support along with streaming are more popular.In 3G, Universal access and portability across different device types are made possible. (Telephones, PDA’s, etc.)

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3.5G Packet Data

14.4 Mbps (peak) 1-3 Mbps

HSPA 2006 – 2010 3.5G supports higher throughput and speeds to support higher data needs of the consumers.

4G Digital Broadband Packet All IP Very high throughput

100-300 Mbps (peak) 3-5 Mbps 100 Mbps (Wi-Fi)

WiMax LTE Wi-Fi

Now (Read more on Transitioning to 4G)

Speeds for 4G are further increased to keep up with data access demand used by various services.High definition streaming is now supported in 4G. New phones with HD capabilities surface. It gets pretty cool.In 4G, Portability is increased further. World-wide roaming is not a distant dream.

5G Not Yet Probably gigabits

Not Yet Soon (probably 2020)

Update:Samsung conducts tests on 5G

Currently there is no 5G technology deployed. When this becomes available it will provide very high speeds to the consumers. It would also provide efficient use of available bandwidth as has been seen through development of each new technology.

VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK In this paper we reviewed the existing wireless communication generations, their portals, performance, and

differences. This paper will help people working in different fields in creating future concepts of mobile communication, QoS, Internet services, cloud computing , IP networks and concept of MasterCore. 5G technology will be available in market to full fill user demands in affordable rates, bright future and much more reliable with exceptional applications.5G will connect all the network operators with single core and single infrastructure, 4G and 5G techniques will consume low battery, better coverage, high bit rates, no infrastructure fees due to low infrastructure deployment cost, many users can use simultaneously. In future the research work is on real wireless world with no more limitations, wired devices with artificial intelligence capabilities.

REFERENCES

1. Singh, Sapana, and Pratap Singh. "Key Concepts and Network Architecture for 5G Mobile Technology." International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology 1.5 (2012): 165-170.

2. S. Hossain, (2013), ―5G Wireless Communication Systems, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)., Volume-02, Issue-10, pp-344-353.

3. Pereira, Vasco & Sousa, Tiago. “Evolution of Mobile Communications: from 1G to 4G”, Department of Informatics Engineering of the University of Coimbra, Portugal 2004.

4. Nabeel ur Rehman, Asad Asif,Junaid Iqbal, “3G Mobile Communication Networks”, in Explore Summer 2006. 5. Kumaravel Krishnan “ comparative study of 3G & 4G “ journal of computer science Vol. 8, Issue 5, No 3, September 2011. 6. K. R. Santhi, V. K. Srivastava, G. SenthilKumaran, A. Butare, “Goals of true broad band's wireless next wave (4G-5G),” Vehicular Technology

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