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Evolution in Action. Chapter 15, section 3. Caribbean Anole Lizards. Anolis insolitus Way of life: Inhabits tree branches Adaptations: Thin body, short legs, large toe pads. Anolis pulchellus Way of life: Stays in grass Adaptations: Slender, very long tails. Anolis cybotes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Evolution in ActionChapter 15, section 3
Caribbean Anole Lizards
Anolis cybotesWay of life: Dwells on tree trucks and groundAdaptations: Long, strong legs for speed, stocky bodies
Anolis insolitusWay of life: Inhabits tree branchesAdaptations: Thin body, short legs, large toe pads
Anolis pulchellus Way of life: Stays in grassAdaptations: Slender, very long tails
Caribbean Anole Lizards
Distinct species of anole with the same body type occur on different islandsEx. A distinct species of twig dwelling anole is found
on each island
Scientists have compared DNA from all the species
Found that each specialized body type evolved independently on each island
Convergent EvolutionThe process by which unrelated species evolve
similar traits
Each Twig dwelling species evolved from different ancestors but evolved similar adaptations to similar environments
Divergent Evolution
The process by which the descendants of a single ancestor diversify into species that fit different parts of the environment
Smaller lizards may have been chased away by larger lizards, they could climb higher and hold on to branches more efficiently
Thousands of years of selection of more slender anoles with large forepaws and short legs produced a new species
Adaptive radiationA new population in a new environment
will undergo divergent evolution until the population fills many parts of the environment
Most common in islands
Artificial SelectionWhen a human breeder chooses individuals that
will parent the next generation
This process is called artificial selection because people (instead of nature) select which organisms get to reproduce
Farmers have cultivated numerous popular crops from the wild mustard, by artificially selecting for certain attributes.
Coevolution
Often seen in a number of species of flowering plants that coevolved with specific pollinators
Moth-pollinated plants often have spurs or tubes the exact length of a certain moth’s “tongue.”
Charles Darwin predicted the existence of a moth in Madagascar based on the size and shape of a flower he saw there.
Discovered about 40 years later.
When two or more species have evolved adaptations to each other’s influence