Evolution Bob Dylan Universe

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The Constant of Evolution and Bob Dylan

By Ian Beardsley

Copyright 2010 by Ian Beardsley

Cover Art by Ian Beardsley


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One day when I was out measuring trees, my truck broke down,

and there I was, Charles Darwin, trapped out there on highway

five, and God knows what the high sheriff was thinking. I managed

to hitch a ride home, or call my Dad, and get my truck running

again.

Thinking about that lyric got me wondering if the project was not

entirely futile. I thought it was futile at the time because I realized

there were just too many unquantifiable factors involved, the

amount of sun that hits a tree changes with the seasons, its angle of

incidence with the time of day and year, and the list went on. But

now I am thinking maybe I can look at those factors that are

quantifiable, and perhaps they wont explain the connectionsbetween all aspects of the different life forms, but perhaps will

explain a connection between certain aspects of the different life

forms.

The Constant of Evolution

The buoyancy of water is a force that involves two things about the

earth that is constant for all marine life, the density of water andthe constant of gravitational acceleration of the Earth.

The buoyancy of air is a force that is constant for all flying animals

and insects and depends on the natural constants, density of air,

and the force of gravity.

Gravity is a constant force particular to all animal life to counter in

standing erect.

These values for the earth have been behind making us what we

are through millions of years of evolution.


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Can we find a constant of evolution in dynamic interplay between

these physical quantities that have existed on earth, in the case of

gravity and water since its beginning some 5 billion years ago, and

in the case of air since plant life generated the atmosphere we

know today.

We begin by finding the equivalence of the density of water to the

buoyancy of air through a constant, instead of equating the

buoyancy of water to that of air, so the constant will be a number

with units.

The density of water defines volume in the metric system. We say

there is one gram of water per cubic centimeter.

Calculating the density of air is easy. A mole of air atoms, and here

we treat the mixture of the nitrogen and oxygen that make up air as

diatomic molecules, when in reality nitrogen is a molecule and

oxygen is a molecule occupies a certain volume of space as

dependant on their temperature and the pressure present. This

volume is constant for all gases at specified temperatures and

pressures. We will calculate the volume of air at standardtemperature and pressure (STP), which is zero degrees centigrade,

and one atmosphere of pressure, which is the pressure of air at sea

level, and zero degrees centigrade is the freezing temperature of

water. That value is 22.4 liters per mole. A mole is a number of

atoms, which is 6.02E23. The E23 means there are 23 figures after

the six, all zeroes, except the two which remains the third digit. A

very large number of atoms. I have calculated the molar mass of

air in other works of mine (grams per mole of air). It is:

Earth Air = 2[(16.00)(0.21) + (14.01)(0.78)] = 28.5756

Since Earth air is about 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. The 16.00

and 14.01 are the molar masses of oxygen and nitrogen as given by


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the periodic table of the elements and the factor of two is

introduced because nitrogen gas and oxygen gas are the binding of

two atoms of nitrogen and oxygen each. What are called diatomic

molecules. We always write N2 for nitrogen gas and O2 for

oxygen gas, not N and O, because as gases, they occur this waynaturally. We now write:

{(28.5756 grams air)/(mole)}{(mole)/(22.4 liters)}

= 1.28 grams of air per liter

We will now convert this value to grams per cubic centimeter,

because I prefer to work in the cgs system (centimeters-grams-seconds).

1 liter is 1000 cubic centimeters, so

{(1.28 grams air/(liter)}{(liter)/(1000 cubic centimeters)}

= 0.00128 grams of air per cubic centimeter

Earth surface gravity is 980 centimeters per second squared,

Which we will write:

980 cm/s^2

Our equation will be:

C(Density Of Water) = (earth gravity)/(density of air)

Where C is the constant of evolution. We plug in the numbers, and

solve for C.


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C(1 g water)/(cm^3) = (980 cm/s^2)/(0.00128 g air)/(cm^3)

C{(g)(s^2)(0.00128 g)} = 980 (cm^7)

C = 765,625 [(cm^7)]/[(sec^2)(g)^2]

This reads, the constant of evolution is seven hundred and sixty

five thousand six hundred and twenty five centimeters to the

seventh per seconds squared grams squared.

I need to find where this value occurs in the physiology of both

birds and fish, if not in land animals and plant and tree life.

The density of sea water is about the same as that of fresh water,

not exceeding 1.035 g/cm^3.Note:

Yes, all these factors vary a little under different physical conditions.

That is why I calculated, as I said later in the essay, the density of airat standard temperature and pressure, which is the temperature of air

at zero degrees centigrade, and one atmosphere of pressure (sealevel). I have since checked charts for density of air at extremes of

9,000 feet (density of a gas varies with altitude due to the change inpressure) and the change was too small to have a big effect on my

constant, because the constant is such a big number. I checked for

variance of buoyancy with change in water temperature, which was

again too small to affect the outcome much at a range of earthtemperatures. At this point, the paper does point out that the density

of salt water is not much different than that of fresh water. Ideally, I

would like to hone the constant for a value using an average over theextreme ranges, like the highest altitude at which a bird will fly. Ifound the density for air at room temperature and 1 atmosphere, andit was only

2 hundredths of a difference in kilograms per liter from my value at

freezing temperature. I have been planning on writing a segment

about all this for the paper, but I was sure already that the differenceswere so small in comparison to the large constant, because I worked

at high altitudes and water didn't boil that much faster at high altitude


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than in the valley, and I have swam in the ocean and streams noticing

the feeling of the water to be about the same, not to mention

replacing some fresh water with salt is going to make little differencein that salt does not weigh much more than water to have that great

of an effect in the ocean. My hunches all turned out right, but

technically It would be appropriate to go into this in the paper, I justfelt either some people would know this, and others would research it,or feel it from experience. However, these are good questions, andthey afford me to get to the task of elaborating on this subject.

My constant of evolution is a number that is not just a constant ofevolution but is a number that is no doubt unique to the planet earth

out of all the perhaps billions of world that exist in the universe, and

the uses of it may apply to many fields and open up an uncountable

amount of doors to new ideas.

Ian Beardsley

February 28, 2010

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Evolution Bob Dylan Universe