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• Even with Anti tank cannons and a main fortress every 5 kilometers, there was an undeniable flaw!
• The line went from Belgium to Switzerland
It was a mistake!
Maginot Line
Built as protection from Germany
Battle of Dunkirk
• German Forces pound English and French forces back to the coast
• All available boats (Battle ships, Merchant vessels, Fishing boats, row boats, dinghy's, and anything that will float) pick up French and British soldiers who retreat.
• 338,000 Allied soldiers are rescued
Nazi soldiers march through Paris
France surrenders June, 1940
Allied Invasion of Africa: Operation “Torch”
El Alamein
El Alamein
British Victory November ’42By Monty
Allied invasion Nov ’42 By Ike May ‘ 43
EL ALAMEINEL ALAMEIN Oct.-Nov.1942• British Victory• DEFEATED GERMAN
GENERAL ROMMEL the “Desert Fox”, prevented from capturing Suez Canal
• TURNING POINT FOR WAR IN AFRICA
• Fighting in Africa•November 1942-May 1943
•Allied troops landed in Algeria and Morocco
•Germans driven out of N Africa by May 1943
Invasion of Invasion of ItalyItaly
After victory in Africa, the Allies conquered Sicily and moved into Italy
Allies landed south of Rome at Anzio, fought for four months and broke through German defenses in April 1945
Invasion of Soviet UnionInvasion of Soviet UnionStalingrad- Hitler was Stalingrad- Hitler was obsessed with conquering obsessed with conquering this city named after Stalinthis city named after Stalin
Germans suffered under Germans suffered under harsh winter conditions, harsh winter conditions, Russians counterattacked Russians counterattacked and surrounded German and surrounded German armyarmy
***Turning point in the ***Turning point in the war in the Eastwar in the East
Stalingrad
• 1942-2/2/43• Key city leading to oil rich
lands in south• As soon as Stalingrad won,
Soviets surround city, cut off supply lines
• Cold and starving, German troops fought until 2/2/43—surrendered
• Defeat marks a major turning point
OPERATION OVERLORDInvasion of mainland of Europe, essential to winning the
war
Hitler expected it at Calais, but the coast was heavily defended
INVASION OF INVASION OF NORMANDYNORMANDY
• JUNE 6, 1944• OMAHA BEACH• GERMANS
THOUGHT NORTH OF SEINE
• STAYED CONFINED UNTIL JULY 24
D-Day
• Allies establish a foothold
• Within a few weeks– Million troops– 566,648 tons of supplies– 171,532 vehicles in France
• Allies push through France
• 8/25/44 Paris Liberated
U.S. soldiers landing on Omaha Beach
Going over the top D-Day
BATTLE OF THE BATTLE OF THE BULGEBULGE
• DEC. 1944 - JAN. 1945
• LAST GERMAN OFFENSIVE
• VITAL SEAPORT: ANTWERP
• “BULGE” IN LINES• 100,000 GERMAN
CASULATIES• 800 tanks lost• Largest battle in
Western Europe
Battle of the Bulge
• Belgium, France, Luxemburg• 12/16/44• Germans last offensive• Wanted to reach Antwerp and force Allies to
negotiate peace• German Defeat—marks the end of serious German
resistance• 81,000 US casualties 1,400 British, 800 tanks
The End of the War in Europe
• By 1945, Soviets surround Berlin• Hitler commits suicide April 30,
1945• Germany signs an unconditional
surrender on May 7, 1945• V-E Day—Victory in Europe—
May 8th
Russians place Hammer and Sickle on the Reichstag
American soldiers taking Paris
May 1945
War in the PacificWar in the Pacific• Pearl Harbor
» Sunday, December 7, 1941—7:55 A.M.
» Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
» Ends American Neutrality
» Devastates the American fleet
» 8 battleships, 3 cruisers,
» hundreds of planes
» 2,400 killed
War in the PacificWar in the Pacific—Pearl Harbor—Pearl Harbor
• “a day that will live in infamy”—FDR • On the same day, Japanese bombers struck
American airfields in the Philippines, Wake Island, and Guam—key American bases
• December 8, 1941—FDR declares war on Japan• December 11, 1941—Axis powers declare war on
US—Congress declares war on Germany and Italy
Philippines
• When 12/7/41-4/9/42• Who: Japanese vs. Filipino and American troops
—MacArthur• What: 12/7/41—Japanese strike and quickly take
Manila (capital)– Allies must retreat to the Baatan Peninsula
– Allies surrender 4/9/42
– Bataan prisoners (sick and starving) forced to march to prison camps 60 miles away.
Philippines
After 4 months of fighting, the Filipino and American soldiers surrendered to the Japanese
76,000 soldiers became prisoners of war and were marched 60 miles to a prison camp, at least 20,000 died along the way in the famous “Bataan Death March”
Battle of Coral Sea
First naval battle carried out entirely by aircraft.
The enemy ships never even came into contact with each other
•May 7, 1942
•Strategic Allied victory—halted the Japanese advance on Australia
BATTLE OF BATTLE OF MIDWAYMIDWAY
• JUNE 3-6, 1942• CONSTANT 2-DAY
BATTLE• First major
Japanese defeat• OVER 185
JAPANESE SHIPS lost
Battle of Midway• What: a strategic attempt by Japan to
shut off US supply lines
• Results: US stopped the Japanese and changed the direction of the war– U.S. loses only 2 ships– Protects Hawaii– US takes offensive
Mac Arthur returning to Philippines
Guadalcanal—8/42-2/43• Who: US vs. Japan• Where: Island near Australia—
one of Solomon Islands• What: One of the most vicious campaigns
– Japanese put up a fierce resistance– US has superior air and naval power
• Results:– First time US land troops defeat Japanese– Americans are able to secure the island
Iwo Jima
• February-March 1945• Island off the coast of Japan—Japanese soil
– Longest sustained aerial offensive of the war
– More marines sent than in any other battle
– 100,000 men fighting on an island the 1/3 the size of Manhattan
– Japanese fought from below ground—Allies rarely saw a soldier
– The battle was won inch-by-inch
Volcanic island deeply entrenched
Iwo Jima
• Results: US win– Provides a link in the
chain of bomber bases
– By the war’s end, 2,400 B-29 bombers and 27,000 crewmen made emergency landings.
– “4 marines raising US flag”
Okinawa
• Casualties– US—12,500 killed; 36,000 wounded– Japan—93,000 troops killed; 94,000 civilians
killed (many killed themselves)
• Kamikazes—suicide pilots– Crashed planes loaded with explosives– Sank 30 US vessels
The End of the War in the Pacific
• With most of Japan’s air force and navy destroyed, B-29’s pounded Tokyo and other cities
• Japanese refuse to surrender
• Potsdam Declaration issued:– If you don’t surrender you face “prompt and
utter destruction”
The Atomic Bomb
• Truman decides to use the bomb• 8/6/45—Hiroshima
– 70,000 killed
• 8/9/45—Nagasaki– 40,000 killed
• Thousand injured• Many more die from radiation• August 15, 1945—Japan surrenders—V-J Day
Truman and the Bomb
• Truman decides to use the Bomb because– Invading Japan would mean up to 1,000,000
more casualties– Anti-Japanese sentiment is strong in the U.S.
• August 6, 1945 Enola Gay drops uranium bomb on Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 Plutonium bomb dropped on Nagasaki
VICTORY IN JAPANJapanese surrender aboard U.S.S. Missouri
Costs of the War
• 40 million died
• American casualties– 332,000 dead; 800,000 wounded
• Soviet Union– Over 20 million deaths
Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima