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Evaluation Measures for Municipal Storm Water Management Programs
Daniel Rourke
Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District
October 15, 2003
Counting Raindrops
What is my job?
To eliminate and reduce pollutant discharges going to storm drains.
FresnoMetropolitanFlood ControlDistrict
When it rains or when an area is hosed down, chemicals and eroded sediment enter the storm drain inlet ……
How Does Pollution Occur?
…..the chemicals enter the
storm drain inlet, travel
through a pipe…
…and enter one of the local ponding basins designed to recharge the groundwater aquifer…
…or the pollutants travel to detention basins which discharge into local waterways such as
the San Joaquin River.
Pollutants entering basins and local waterways can impact the quality of groundwater –
your drinking water
Polluted water can also impact livestock and aquatic life…
Pollution can impact recreation…
Water Resources Goal
To reduce the amount of sediment that ends up in our local basins, where it can clog the systems and
prevent infiltration to groundwater.
…and excess sediments in storm drains can lead to flooding issues and increased fees for maintenance
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CITY SPHERE
BASINSDUAL USERECHARGERECREATIONUNDETERMINEDSTREETSFID FACILITIES
N:GIS\PROJECTS\FMFCDMAP\FMFCDMAP.APRLAYOUT 9
1 0 1 2 Miles
N
EW
S
FRESNO METROPOLITANFLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT
CITY SPHERE
BASINSDUAL USERECREATIONUNDETERMINED
FMFCD BOUNDARY
Duel use pounding basin and neighborhood park
Dual use retention/recharge basin
On average, 27,000 acre feet is transferred from FID into flood control basins and infiltrated back into the
ground water each year
8.8 billion gallons
74,000 Fresno residents
for one year
Storm Water flows Storm Water flows toto:
5 %25%
70%
17,000 acre feet per year = 5.5 billion gallons = 46,000 Fresno Residents
Quail Lakes - Daily Incidental Flow 7/8- 8/24/03
0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000
7/8/
2003
7/15
/200
3
7/22
/200
3
7/29
/200
3
8/5/
2003
8/12
/200
3
8/19
/200
3
Gal
lons
Water Main Installation and Flushing
050
100150200250300350400450
12:0
0a.m
.
01:5
0a.m
.
03:4
0a.m
.
05:3
0a.m
.
07:2
0a.m
.
09:1
0a.m
.
11:0
0a.m
.
12:5
0p.m
.
02:4
0p.m
.
04:3
0p.m
.
06:2
0p.m
.
08:1
0p.m
.
10:0
0p.m
.
11:5
0p.m
.
gallo
ns p
er m
inut
e
July 20th
Series2
July 23rd
Series4
July 25th
Series6
Stages to Environmental Improvement
• Design and implement program
• Increase awareness of pollution issues
• Change behavior
• Reduce inputs of targeted pollutants
• Improve water quality of discharges
• Improve environmental condition
Process Framework• Identify the issue
• Identify and assess sources
• Determine available control strategies
• Evaluate and prioritize control strategies
• Establish a goal
• Implement the program
• Evaluate effectiveness
• Modify program
Program Implementation Effectiveness Measurements
• Project planning– Audience characterization– Baseline information– Existing program review
• Implementation– Tracking progress– Achieving milestones– Meeting expectations
• Completion– Goals achieved– Most successful strategies– Future needs/ next steps
Impact Effectiveness Measurement Tools
• Measuring increased awareness– Phone surveys– Mailed surveys– Intercept surveys– Water Quality Monitoring
• Measuring behavior change– Sales Tracking– Participation Tracking– Surveys– Site visits
• Measuring pollutant load reductions (monitoring)
Implementation Measurements Versus
Impact Measurements
Implementation ImpactBasin Sampling
1) No. of storms monitored2) Correct protocols followed3) Percent of storm captured4) Accidental drownings
1) Pollutant Removal2) Influent Concentration 3) Discharge Concentration4) Water Quality
Construction Inspections
1) No. of facilities inspected
2) Training Materials Distributed
3) Preparation time
1) BMPs implemented2) BMP implementation
rate3) Water Quality
Evaluation Measures MatrixColumns
- Task Name- Desired result- Targeted Pollutant- Targeted Audience- Program Implementation Measure- Impact Measurement- Resource Required
Task Name Desired Result Targeted Pollutants
Targeted Audience
Evaluation Measures for Program Implementation
Evaluation Measures for Program Impacts
Resources Required
1) Corporation yard assessments (implement supervisory oversight)
Increased awareness of potential site pollutants and sources Increase in BMP implementation Decrease in corporation yard pollutants Knowledge of runoff water quality
PAHs, oil and grease, solvents, metals, sediment, herbicides, nutrients, debris, misc raw/bulk materials (e.g., asphalt grindings, sand, gravel), detergents/ surfactants
Corporation yard managers and staff
No. facilities evaluated No. corrective measures identified at each facility No. follow-up site visits to evaluate corrective measure implementation No. inspection checklists and BMP guidance distributed to facility managers (% of total) No. SWPPPs reviewed by District during supervisory inspections Amount of other assistance provided to facility manager (evaluating NEC criteria, or need for WDRs) No. changes made to supervisory inspection process for future inspections
Measure increase/decrease in:1. No. BMPs implemented2. No. corrective actions identified/ implemented3. Consider inspection score to evaluate 1. and 2.4. No. water quality objective exceedances (as indicated by sampling data)5. No. SWPPPs developed and implemented 6. No inspections conducted by corporation yard staff 7. No. storm events sampled
1. Medium 2. Medium 3. Medium 4. High 5. Low 6. Med 7. Low
EFFECTIVENESS MEASURE Cor
p Y
ard
Ass
essm
ent
Cor
p Y
ard
Trai
ning
Dev
elop
Par
k &
Ope
n Sp
ace
Gui
delin
es
Park
and
Ope
n Sp
ace
Trai
ning
Bas
in M
onito
ring
Riv
er M
onito
ring
Sprin
g IP
M C
ampa
ign
Indu
stria
l Ins
pect
ions
Act
ion
Ale
rts
Com
plai
nt R
espo
nse
Indu
stria
l Ref
resh
er
Trai
ning
- Non
File
rs
Con
stru
ctio
n Tr
aini
ng
Con
stru
ctio
n SW
PPP
Trai
ning
Con
stru
ctio
n Ed
ucat
ion
Tool
s
Dis
tribu
te A
dditi
onal
C
onst
ruct
ion
Gui
delin
es
Con
stru
ctio
n In
spec
tions
Co-
perm
ittee
con
stru
ctio
n re
ferra
ls
Con
stru
ctio
n Ta
ilgat
e tra
inin
g
Dis
tribu
tion
Stra
tegi
es
IMPLEMENTATIONInspections1. No. facilities inspected x x x2. No. follow-up activities conducted x x x x3. No. of referrals to other agencies x4. No. checklists/ BMPs distributed x x5. Other compliance assistance provided x6. No. co-permittee contacts x7. No. SWPPPs reviewed x x x8. No. changes made to inspection process x x xTraining1. No. District training classes / no. training hours x x x x x x x2. Extent external training participation by District x x x x3. Training materials distributed (District or internal facility training) x x x x x x x x x4. Training modifications made x x x x x x xOutreach/Public Information/ BMP Guidance1. No. outreach activities x x2. No. materials distributed (checklists, BMP guidance and other) x x x x x x x x3. No. people reached/ impressions x x x x x x x4. Amount of funding allocated5. No. grant applications received/acceptedIllicit Discharge Elimination1. No. complaints received x x2. No. referrals to other agencies x3. No. follow-up activities conducted x xMonitoring1. No. qualifying storms monitored x x2. Representative sample locations x3. Adequate flow measurements x x4. Appropriate constituents monitored x x5. Correct protocols/SOPs used x x6. Data quality, analytical methods acceptable x x7. Difficulties encountered during sampling/analysis noted x x8. Improvements made to monitoring program x x
IMPACTSGeneral or Overall Program1. Increased awareness of storm water, BMPs and/or IPM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x2. Decrease in WQ exceedances x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x3. No. sites with sediment discharge x x x x x x x x x x x x x x4. Increase in BMP implementation rates x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x5. Increase in NOIs filed x xInspections1. No. of internal staff inspections x x x2. Inspection score x x x3. Re-inspections/ corrective action required x x x x x4. Corrective actions taken x x x5. Increase in BMPs implemented x x x x x x x x6. Percent of required SWPPP elements x x7. No. NOVs issued by Regional Board for inspected facilities x x8. No. referrals to District x9. No. of SWPPPs developed/implemented x10. Percent of required SWPPP elements x x x x x x xTraining1. Number of participants (target audience) x x x x x x x2. Improvement in overall quiz scores x x x x x x3. Increase in training/assistance requests x x x4. Training evaluation results x x x x x x x5. Decreased quantity of pesticides applied x xOutreach /Public Information/BMP Guidance1. No. contracts w/ IPM provisions x2. Decreased quantity of pesticides applied x x3. Survey whether guidelines being used and easy to follow x4. Survey on storm water awareness and BMP implementation x x x x5. No. requests for tools/presentations x6. No. sites where tools are in use x7. No. water quality projects conducted by schools8. IPM practices promoted by nurseries x9. Increased participation in pollution prevention events10. IPM practices used by residents x11. Recall of outreach x x x12. Increase in NOIs filed x13. Sales of targeted products x14. No. coupons redeemed xIllicit Discharge Elimination1. Complaint response time x2. Decrease in illegal dumping reports x3. No. referrals received from co-permittees x4. No. hot spots identified xMonitoring1. No. of storm events sampled x2. Pollutant removal efficiency of BMP x3. Mass loading discharged x4. Hydrologic factors addressed x x5. Water quality trends x x x x
EFFECTIVENESS MEASURE Cor
p Y
ard
Ass
essm
ent
Cor
p Y
ard
Trai
ning
Dev
elop
Par
k &
Ope
n Sp
ace
Gui
delin
es
Park
and
Ope
n Sp
ace
Trai
ning
Bas
in M
onito
ring
Riv
er M
onito
ring
Sprin
g IP
M C
ampa
ign
Indu
stria
l Ins
pect
ions
Act
ion
Ale
rts
Com
plai
nt R
espo
nse
Indu
stria
l Ref
resh
er
Trai
ning
- Non
File
rs
Con
stru
ctio
n Tr
aini
ng
Con
stru
ctio
n SW
PPP
Trai
ning
Con
stru
ctio
n Ed
ucat
ion
Tool
s
Dis
tribu
te A
dditi
onal
C
onst
ruct
ion
Gui
delin
es
Con
stru
ctio
n In
spec
tions
Co-
perm
ittee
con
stru
ctio
n re
ferra
ls
Con
stru
ctio
n Ta
ilgat
e tra
inin
g
Dis
tribu
tion
Stra
tegi
es
Implementation of Evaluation Measures
• Developed access database for Construction and industrial inspection and complaint investigations
• Included evaluation measures in project design and project deliverables
• Anticipated regulatory temperature – evaluated know areas of future concern.
Visual Observations
Training Succeeded
Visual Observation Continued
Get out in the field !
Complaint evaluationFigure 2.1 - Complaint Pollutants (57 complaints)
Gasoline (1)
Grease (2)Debris (2)
Diesel Fuel (1)
Antifreeze (3)
Paint (3)
Sewage (3)
Other (17)Sediment (13)
Wastewater (6)
Oil (6)
Pool/Algae (3) Lawn Clipping (1)Fire Runoff (3) Plaster (1)Carpet Cleaner (2) Veg Oil (1) Stone Cutting (2) Asphault (1)Autobody (1)
Sediment complaint increased - Increased training of field workers
Decreased paint & oil complaints
– many years of multi agency outreach
Effectiveness Measures are Good Because They:
1) Improve efficiency of limited resources
2) Improves negotiating power during permit renewal
4) Keeps you out of trouble
3) Gets rid of dead wood
