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Evaluating Promising New Eggplant Varieties for Commercialization
Sugano, Fukuda, Uyeda, Radovich, Shimabuku, Migita, Shingaki, Corrales, Motomura, Kawabata, Wang, Sato, Ng & Coppess
University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources
Cooperative Extension Service November 14, 2014
Identifying Suitable Eggplant Hybrids for Commercialization • Finding suitable varieties for Hawaii’s unique growing conditions is critical. • Evaluation and selection of new crop varieties tolerant to new and reoccurring pest and
diseases enable growers to manage pest and diseases in an environmentally friendly manner while minimizing costly crop protection chemical inputs.
• Increased access to online local, national and international seed companies has now generated an influx of promising vegetable cultivars into Hawaii.
o However, new pathogens have made its way into the state through these portals.
o This poses a great threat to Hawaii’s diversified agriculture sector. • Commercial growers rely on seeds produced through ADSC for their commercial
operations in Hawaii. This project provides an opportunity to develop and expand ADSC’s Seed Program to include new promising varieties best suited to Hawaii’s unique environmental conditions as well as provides an opportunity for us to expand our organic seed sector in CTAHR.
Project objective: Finalize the commercialization of 2-3 long eggplant varieties (convention and organic culture) for marketing and sale through UH CTAHR’s ADSC Seed Lab
• This project aims to complete the 5 year commercialization process in identifying and commercializing 2-3 new and promising long eggplant (Solanum melongena) cultivars (organic and conventional) preferred by many Hawaii’s growers and consumers.
• Variety trials were conducted in 2008 and 2013 utilized a randomized complete block design with 4 reps at the Poamoho and Waimanalo Research Stations under conventional and certified organic management. Commercial eggplant varieties with potential for commercialization include new eggplant hybrids developed by Dr. Kenneth Takeda, emeritus CTAHR horticulturalist, and Susan Migita, station manager of the Poamoho Research Station.
• The promising 200 series numbered cultivars were selections made by Dr. Kenneth Takeda. Hybridization or cross breeding work was conducted by Susan Migita. The 2013 field screening data shows new eggplant hybrids developed by Takeda and Migita have promise as new commercial cultivars in Hawaii.
• Additional statewide field work was necessary to evaluate statewide crop production
suitability, shelf life issues, and producer /consumer preferences to expand on the promising horticultural characteristics of long eggplant varieties at CTAHR.
• Supplemental funds obtained via CTAHR was secured in 2013 to evaluate its commercialization potential.
2013 Refer to Hanai’ai article for more information
Statewide Assessments 2013-2014: • Oahu, Maui, & Hawaii (7 sites). Molokai (2015) • Upper / Lower Elevation • Conventional / Organic Cultivation • Staked vs non Staked Propagation • Seed vs. Cutting Propagation
Poamoho Research Station: 800’ above SL Kahuku, Oahu: Commercial operation-hybrids only
Maui Extension Office: Sea level Kula Ag Station& Ag Park: 1300’-3100’ above SL
Waimanalo Research Station: Organic Culture, Hybrids and Heirloom varieties
Hilo Extension Office: Organic / Cutting Culture
Laie, Oahu: Limited selection.
Original Parental Lines
Molokai (Male parent) / Waimanalo (Male parent) / Nitta (Female parent)
Current CTAHR Hybrids for Commercial Sale
Molokai x Nitta Waimanalo x Nitta
Summary of Data from Statewide Trials (September 2014) POAMOHO: New hybrids (201, 210 & 204 x N, Tol, and Tol x N) are out performing the current industry standard & parental lines. Do we need to hybridize Tolentino?
198.2190.4
179.0
162.9156.1 150.7 150.0
142.6
120.1 118.1 117.6 115.7101.6
62.055.1
42.9
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
201 XN
WAI XN
(TOL)
TOL 204 XN
MO XN
(TOL)
TOL XN
210 XN
MO XN
WAI XN (TAI)
204 201 210 WAI XN
NITTA WAI MO
TOTA
L YI
ELD
(LBS
)
VARIETIES
POAMOHO 4 MONTH DATA: GRADE A
HYBRID VIGOR
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
201 X N TOL 204 X N TOL X N 210 X N
TOTA
L W
EIGH
T (L
BS) ALL PROPOSED VARIETIES HAVE POTENTIAL
POAMOHO NEW LINES: GRADE A
PARENTAL LINES
INDUSTRY STANDARD
0100200300400500600700800
Num
ber o
f Fru
it
POAMOHO: TOTAL NUMBER OF FRUIT
Grade A Grade B
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
MO XN
(TOL)
WAI XN
(TOL)
MO XN
204 XN
WAI XN
WAI XN (TAI)
201 XN
210 XN
204.0 TOL TOL XN
NITTA 210.0 MO 201.0 WAI
TOTA
L YI
ELD
(LBS
)
POAMOHO: 4 MONTH DATA GRADE B AND OFF GRADES
GRADE B OFF GRADE
** POAMOHO NOTES: There is a need to devote additional time and resources into maintaining the parental lines to retain its key horticultural characteristics. Three different Nitta parental lines yielded varying results: Wai x N (Nitta parent from W. Tolentino), Wai x N (Nitta parent from Poamoho), and Wai X N (Taiwan produced hybrid). KAHUKU, OAHU: ON FARM TOL X N, 201 X N AND 210 X N DID SLIGHTLY BETTER THAN INDSTRY STANDARDS
0
50
100
150
200
250
204 X N 201 X N 210 X N TOL TOL X N
TOTA
L W
EIGH
T (L
BS)
POAMOHO 4 MONTH DATA: GRADE B AND OFF GRADES
GRADE B OFF GRADE
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Tol x N 210 x N 201 x N Mo x N 204 x N Wai x N (Tol) Wai X N (TAI)
TOTA
L YI
ELD
(LBS
)/ P
LAN
T
KAHUKU 4/28/14-5/19/14 REVIEW
GRADE A (LBS) GRADE B (LBS) OFF GRADE (LBS)
KAHUKU NOTES: New hybrids are out performing industry standard lines. Taiwan produced WAI x N did the poorest at the Kahuku site. WAIMANALO Research Station (organic) data: June-August 2014
Yiel
d (K
g/pl
ant)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
WAIMANALO NOTES: Waimanalo organic eggplant transplanted in April, Harvests every 2-3 weeks. Three replications. One ton of tankage per acre preplant. WAI x N out performed new hybrid lines under organic culture. Hamasaki line should be explored further. Taiwan produced WAI X N did not do as well as the WAI X N line. Maui & Hilo (organic cuttings) data still pending
HAM
ASA
KI
Wai
XN (T
AI)
Wai
x N
(PO
A)
A
B BC BC
CD CD CD D D D
201
X N
MO
X N
nlon
g
201
X N
204
x N
TOL
x N
uhlo
ng
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
201 x N 204 X N 210 x N MO X N WAI X N TOL X N
Average Fruit Count / PlantMaui Ag Park: 4/23/14-7/30/14
(A) FruitCount
(B) FruitCount
(Offgrade) FruitCount
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
201 x N 204 X N 210 x N MO X N WAI X N TOL X N
Average Plant Yield/ Plant (oz) Maui Ag Park: 4/23/14-7/30/14
Average (A) FruitWeight (oz)
Average(B) FruitWeight (oz)
Average (O) FruitWeight (oz)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
201 x N 204 X N 210 x N MO X N WAI X N TOL X N
Average Plant Yield/ Plant (oz) Maui Ag Park: 4/23/14-7/30/14
Average (A) FruitWeight (oz)
Average(B) FruitWeight (oz)
0
100
200
300
400
201 x N 204 X N 210 x N MO X N WAI X N TOL X N
Average Yield / PlantKahului: 4/16/14-7/30/14
Average (A) FruitWeight (oz)
Average(B) FruitWeight (oz)
2014 Hilo MG Extension Cuttings Project: Unique challenge due to a lack of available seed Typical method of propagation: Seed
0200400600800
100012001400
201 x N 204 X N 210 x N MO X N WAI X N TOL X N
Average Fruit Count / PlantKahului: 4/16/14-7/30/14
(A) FruitCount
(B) FruitCount
(Offgrade) FruitCount
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
201 x N 204 X N 210 x N MO X N WAI X N TOL X N
Average Yield / PlantKahului: 4/16/14-7/30/14
Average (A) FruitWeight (oz)
Average(B) FruitWeight (oz)
Average (O) FruitWeight (oz)
Mahalo to Sharon Motomura, Andrew Kawabata and Hilo MG for taking on this project. Non-typical method of propagation: Cuttings (see handout)
Reminder, the use of vegetable cuttings for commercial production systems was a temporary replacement due to the unavailability of seed. Additional work is needed to evaluate: 1) effect /
labor of plucking off early flowers, 2) yield comparisons of cuttings vs seedlings, and 3) impact of repetitious vegetative cuttings. Summary: Program investigators are working with the ADSC Seed Lab program to commercialize new eggplant hybrid varieties once statewide field trials are completed. Commercial eggplant sales via ADSC generates income to UH CTAHR every year. ADSC has an established commercial partnership with Known You Seed Company (to scale up seed volume) and new hybrid lines from CTAHR could result in increased sales and royalties. 2017 Update: Tolentino, Hamasaki and 210 are currently being grown for commercial seed at UH CTAHR. Parental issues with Nitta x Waimanalo have been rectified and hybrids have been re-released for commercial sales.