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Evaluating Furniture
Marks of Quality
Quality……
Like beauty is more than skin deep.
You can always pay less, buy you’ll never get more!
Two Categories of Furniture
Casegoods Upholstered goods
Factors to consider when selecting furniture…
Size of space and scale of furniture Function Economy Durability/construction Maintenance Beauty and character Built-in or modular
Two Categories of Wood
Hardwood: (loose their leaves in the Fall) ash, cherry, maple, oak, pecan, teak, rosewood, walnut, mahogany and poplar.
Softwood: (keep their leaves in the Fall) cedar, cypress, fir, pine and
redwood.
Solid Wood
Very expensive Does not use any plywood, particle
board or veneers Can warp and expand
Veneer Cutting Methods
Wood Veneer
Thin slice of wood adhered to plywood, multi-density plywood (MDF) or craft paper backing.
Dates back to early Egypt and Rome
Used extensively in 17th century by Thomas Chippendale
Allows for intricate designs and more affordable pieces.
Book Match End Match End Match Slip Match Herringbone
Construction Methods
Dovetailed Mortise and Tenon Tongue and
Groove Doweled Mitered
Plywood
Composed of an odd number of sheets of wood glued together at right angles to each other.
Count the number of ply’s. Always look at the thickness
of drawer bottoms Used for large flat surfaces
as solid wood tends to warp. Covered by veneer and trimmed out in solid wood edges.
Reconstituted Wood
MDF, OSB, particleboard Polymer adhesives,
(petroleum based) Ideal for furniture using
laminated surfaces Some lesser quality will
swell and expand if it gets wet.
Melamine and Laminate
Chemicals, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen
White powder condensed with formaldehyde and heated to create a hard surface.
Low pressure (LPL)
High pressure (HPL)
Wood Finishes
Protect and enhance Sanding and filling Staining Transparent film
Types of Finishes Shellac - oldest films that isn't resistant to moisture, alcohol or heat
Varnish - made of oils and resins, varnish is more durable for moisture concerns such as outdoor furniture. Varnish is usually flammable. Typically brushed on.
Polyurethane - synthetic resin that is extremely durable comes in flat, satin and glossy - used by a lot of do-it-yourselfers. Can be oil-based or water-based.
Lacquer - resin, solvent-based finish that is more durable than Varnish. Often comes pigmented and creates a shiny finish. Typically sprayed on. Catalyzed lacquer is a very durable finish used by office furniture manufacturers. It uses chemicals int he drying process vs. evaporation only
Water-based UV coatings are being used in sustainable manufacturing processes. It uses UV radiation as a curing process.
Checklist… Door and drawer fit well Drawers have glides and stops Drawer glides easily when pulled Drawers have dust panels Drawers are lined Drawer sides are finished Drawer interiors are smooth Doors swing open without squeaking No rough edges on hardware Entertainment units have hole (grommet) for electrical cords Wood grain matches on table leaves, drawer to drawer, etc. Distressed finish is random looking No racking or twisting when lifting one edge
Upholstered Goods
Four evaluation points
Fabric Springs Filling-padding Frame
Fabric
Well applied, tightly woven material
Thread should match Small stitches Patterns should match Skirt should lie flat
Springs
Drop-in Coil Sinuous or zig-
zag Eight-way hand
tied coil Web
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auXP3L1Toac&feature=youtube_gdata_player
Filling - Padding
Polyurethane Foam Foam Rubber Polyester Fiber fill Down Spring Down
Filling: Polyurethane Foam
Most used today Does a good job in shaping and
stuffing Synthetic Memory
Filling: Foam Rubber
Not used anymore – breaks down over time.
Smells like rubber Replaced by
polyurethane foam
Filling: Polyester Fiber Fill
Used as a batting that wraps around the cushion core
Dacron
Filling: Down
Goose Feathers Most expensive Considered Luxurious Tends to settle and
requires fluffing after each use.
Filling: Spring Down
Innerspring coils surrounded by foam, wrapped in Dacron Polyester.
Frame
Hardwood (elm, poplar, gumwood, birch, ash or oak).
Kiln Dried Legs should be an integral
part of the frame Center leg on long sofas Dowel construction with
corner blocks, glued and screwed together.
Checklist…..
Seats are comfortable Backs are free of bumps and hard spots Frame is sturdy, doesn’t creak or wobble Frame sits squarely on the floor Frame and corners are well padded Corners are braced and glued Seams and welts are straight Patterns and stripes match at seams Cushions fit snugly Buttons are sewn on securely Any moving parts clear fabric to prevent tearing Metal parts are smooth with no sharp edges
Pricing Furniture
Price (wholesale, retail, net, cost) F.O.B Destination F.O.B Factory C.O.M. C.O.L.
Quality Manufacturers
Thomasville Baker Henredon Kincaid Century Sherrill Broyhill Lane La-Z-Boy
Homework due on 19th
Visit a furniture store and evaluate two pieces of furniture. See handout posted on website. Worth 25 points.