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Eva Zillen, Kvinna till KvinnaMaj Linda Johansson, Swedish Armed Forces
Security Sector and Human Rights Defenders from a 1325 perspective
SWEDISH ARMED FORCES INTERNATIONAL CENTRE – SWEDINT WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT
Major Linda JohanssonHead of Section, Capability and Liaison
at Centre for Gender in Military Operations
2010-2011 Gender Advisor to COM RC N Afghanistan2008-2009 Gender Field Advisor to COM PRT MES Afghanistan
SWEDINT & NCGM
Security Sector and Human Rights Defenders from a 1325 perspective
SWEDISH ARMED FORCES INTERNATIONAL CENTRE – SWEDINT WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT
Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations Concept
• Partners– NORDEFCO– NATO– UN– OSCE– EU, (AU)
• Products– Recognized courses
– Seminars
– Lessons learned
– SMEs
– METT (2013)
• A hub of– Knowledge
– Experience
– Cooperation & Support
– Information
Swedish Armed Forces
Service branchesSwedish ArmySwedish Air ForceSwedish Navy
The Swedish Armed Forces’ most important resource is its personnel. The Swedish Armed Forces’ payroll includes women, men, officers, civilians, contract soldiers and national service people. In total 20,000 persons serves currently in the Swedish Armed Forces.
International units/deploymentsCurrently, Sweden has deployed military forces in Afghanistan and in Kosovo as well as a naval force deployed to the gulf of Aden as a part of Operation Atalanta . Military observers from Sweden have been sent to a large number of countries, including Georgia, North Korea, Lebanon, Israel and Sri Lanka and Sweden also participates with staff officers to missions in Sudan, Syria, Uganda and Mali.
Women in the Swedish Armed Forces – a brief history
1980 The first women volunteers undergo basic training in the Swedish Air Force
1983 Areas including the following become open to women:– Artillery, Air Defence, Engineering, Signals and Army Service units
– Coast Artillery sea front gunnery, radar and communications service units
– Defence Medical Service (jointly with the Swedish Navy)
– Naval command and control, communications and maintenance services
1989 Women have access to all branches of the armed services
1994 Women are able to do national service without envisaging further training to officer level
Traditional Gender ConstructionsMen• Soldier• Defend, fight• Protector• Public sphere• do the necessary ‘evil’
Women• Mother, Wife, Doughter• Care, nurture, nurse• Protected• Private sphere• the good and beautiful
Gender, Sex and the Postnational Defense –
Annika Kronsell (2012)
• Focus on that Gender perspective is essential for the operational effects
• Education, training and understanding• Leadership
The Swedish Government Plan of Action to carry out UNSCR 1325
"Women can both influence and be affected by armed conflicts".
"The implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 is both a goal in itself and a way of reaching the objectives for security,
development, defence and gender equality policies."
"Swedish personnel who take part in peace support and humanitarian operations must have undergone training /…/ that covers Resolution 1325, conditions specific to the operation, the applicable legislation
and ethical issues."
Operational and tactical implementationSwedish Armed Forces
• The project ”Genderforce” 2004-2007• National Actions Plans
– 2006 - 2009 – 2009 - 2012
• EUFOR DR Congo 2006• EUFOR Tchad/RCA 2008/2009• ISAF Afghanistan 2008 – 2013• GA to Director of Operations 2007 –• Nordic Centre for Gender in Military
Operations established at Swedint, inaugurated Jan 2012
Gender perspective as an operational tool
To have a gender perspective is to be able to detect if and when men and women are being affected differently by a situation/operation due to their
gender.
Operational effects of the different situation for men and women in the AOR
In what ways are women specifically affected by conflicts?
Before the conflict
During the conflict
After the conflict
In what way can local women be involved in the work to promote peace?
Before the conflict
During the conflict
After the conflict
"Early warnings"
Identify and support women's formal and informal peace initiatives
Engage women's organisations in DDR-work
(Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration)
An organizational structure of gender monitoring and reporting is to be established, in order to mainstream gender perspective in RC N.
• RC N Gender Advisor (GENAD): supports the commander and RC Ns units in the implementation of:
– Security related gender perspective in the military tasks of RC N– Gender perspective according to ISAF mandate, SOPs, FRAGOs, Directives etc– UNSCR 1325(2000), UNSCR 1820(2008)– Female KLE
Engagement Teams (MET, FET, PET, CST, FTT)ET is one of several tools for the BSO, but Female Engagement is to be mainstreamed in all functions and units of RC N.
Activities characterized by:– Face-to-face engagements, female Shuras, CERP funding, engaging Provincial/District
Councils– Support GIRoA efforts to increase females roles in ANA/ANP
RC N Gender Advisor
To strengthen women's role in issues relating to conflict prevention, conflict resolution and operations to establish peace.
In order to succeed along ISAF three lines of operations (security, governance and development), we must enable women to have a role in each of these key areas.
Why do ISAF work with women?
Men Women Boys Girls
• Robbery
• Assault
• Homicide
• Gang violence
• Forced to rape their own family members
• Rape and sexual torture
• Human trafficking
• Domestic violence
• Domestic violence
• Sexual assault
• Dowry death
• Sexual harassment
• Rape
• 'Honour' killings
• Stalking
• Forced sterilisation
• Human trafficking
• Gang violence
• Child abuse, rape
• Bullying
• Abduction
• Human trafficking
• Buying/selling for prostitution
• Infanticide
• Child abuse, rape
• Human trafficking
• Abduction
• Child marriage
• Buying/selling for prostitution
Whose security?
Key Leader Engagement
Identify – Involve - Protect– GO, NGO, IO, Security Sector
Women, Peace and SecurityWay Ahead:
• Improve the involvement of women at all levels in the peace process and ensure women’s participation in the struggle of bringing Peace and Develompent to Afghanistan.
• Gender Perspectives in Operations should be planned, executed and evaluated in line with the operational objectives.
“Looking the other way makes you a part of the problem. Protecting the people not only requires protecting them from physical harm but also corruption and abuse of power”
- COMISAF Directive 2009
Major Linda JohanssonHead of Section, Capability and Liaison
at Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations
Questions?
GENDER COACH A concept providing gender coaches for senior
officialsEnhancing their knowledge in gender equality:
To influence structures and behaviorDeepen the understanding of gender equalityImplementing a gender perspectiveHandpicked the senior officialsHandpicked the gender coaches
It was a success!
Questions?
Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations
PRT Gender Field Advisor
Supports the COM in the implementation of the UNSCR 1325/2000 and 1820/2008, in order to mainstream gender issues at all levels of thePRT work. Organisational structure of gender monitoring andreporting is consist of:
– PRT GENAD, support operational planning and the tactical implementation of a gender perspective in the operations. Full-time Gender Advisor to the CO PRT.
– PRT Gender Focal Points at respective units in the field are in charge of implementing and reporting measures dealing with gender issues.
PRT Gender Field Advisors
How to make sure that information regarding the election is communicated with both men and women ?
Security and Elections
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE
Political-Strategic Level
Military-Strategic Level
Operational Level
Tactical Level
Force Commander
FHQ
Force Commander
FHQ
Op CommanderOHQ
Op CommanderOHQ
LCC (Land)LCC
(Land)ACC (Air)ACC (Air) MCC
(Mar)MCC (Mar)
UnitsUnits UnitsUnits UnitsUnits
GENAD (Gender Advisor)
GFP (Gender Focal Points)
GFA (Gender FieldAdvisor)
GENAD (Gender Advisor) GFP (Gender Focal Points)
GFP (Gender Focal Points)
GFP (Gender Focal Points)
35
Afghan Border Police Women’s Drivers Training supported by Combined Team – North (CT-N)
UNCLASSIFIED//REL TO NATO/ISAF
WHO: Nine Afghan Border Police Women (ABP) WHAT: Basic Literacy Training (8 Hours), Basic Drivers Training (36 Hours) and First Aid (2 Hours)WHERE: TSS & Camp Shaheen, RC-N, AfghanistanWHEN: 11 July 2011–19 July 2011WHY: Provide basic first aid, language and behind the wheel drivers training in order to encourage professional growth of the ABP WomenHow: RMTC Drivers Training Course through ANA Instructors assisted by CT-N Engagement Team and Drivers School Mentors.
Cone Driving Obstacle
Basic First Aid
Preventative Maintenance Checks and Services
Vehicle Egress training with weapons
Proud to be in the driver’s seat
Convoy training
Hill driving
Class 11-001
Demonstration to 5th Zone CDR
