--:0:--

--:0:--

Ha\m.Du622A41881-1884

-:0:-ELECTRIC LIGHT USED.

SUITS to Order from $20,00PANTS to Order from $5,00

--:0:-

The Public invited to Inspect

OUR NEW STYLES.-:0:-

C:::C-V:::CL:::CTY TO .A.LL.

-:0:-

SAMPLES, with Instructions for Self-Measme·ment, Sent Free•

606859-

WINCHESTER RIFLES. i

CARTRIDGES, GUNPOWDER &SAFETY\l:'USE~

'4.....tf:J__·~\~_

.7r-·~~~

NICOLL THE TAILOR,,·

Constantly on hand a full stock of their Sporting Rifles, Carbines and Muskets,plain finished, or beautifully Gold, Silver, or Nickel Plated and Engraved, ofmodels 1866, 1873, and 1876. Also, just out, the Winchester Express Rifle, 50calibre; cartridge 50 c. 95 gs. The new Winchester, model 1879 45 calibre;straight cartridge 45 c. 60 gs. The Hotchkiss Magazine Gun, both Military andSporting, 45 cahbre; cartridge same as U. S. Government-45 c. 70 gs. Also, theCartridges manufactured by them for the same, as well as for all other Rifles andPistols, both rim and central fire, as well as Primed Shells, Brass and PaperShotgun Shells, Winchester and Berdan Primers, Percussion Caps, and partsof Arms.

Also, Agent for E. L.DU PONT NEMOURS & CO., of WILMINGTON, DEL­AWARE. Constantly on hand, a full stock of their Mining, Cannon, Musket,and Sporting Gunpowder.

Also, Agent for EAGLE SAFETY FUSE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA. Afull and complete stock of their various brands of Safety Fuse, warranted equalto any made in the world•

.::IiOHN SK:ERKER..175 PINE STREET, SAN FRANOISOO, OAL.,

'SOLE AGENCY OF THE PACIFIC COASTFOR THE

Winchester Repeating Arms Co" of New Haven.

.~E'V STYLES!---THIS SEASON'S GOODSI

San Francisco, Oalifornia.

~ .

E. P. ADAMS,

Auctioneer and tommission Merchant<;'

IMPORTER AND

Dealer in Groceries and Case Goode"AGENT OAlIFORNIA FURNITURE MANUFAOTURING 00.,

Queen Street, Honolulu.

HONOLULU RESTAURANTNO. 75 NUUANU 8TREET.

-:0:-

OPEN FROM 5 A. M. TO '7 P. M.

--:0:-

CLEANLINESS THE RULE--:0:-

O~ SFECJ:.A.:r..l:c'"'Y:

MEAL,S AT ALL HOURS,B-OOD COOKS, ATTENTIVE WAITERS.

!lIED BBST i!JEBMl4BKEI! 4J1EJQBDE:Al.vvays on. ~a:n.d..

E. C. McCANDLESS, Proprietor.

IQBmf 1It~ ~4~Y~

NOTARY PUBLIO,-AND-

COMMISSIONER OF DEEDSFor the States of California and New York.

OFFICE AT THE BANK OF BISHOP & CO" MERCHANT STREE1.HONOLULU, H.!.·

- ...

M. ECKART,Kaahumanu Street, Honolulu,

Im,orUng ld M~nuf~~turing J~w~br ~d ~iimod ~~thr.- -:0:-

A. F~ltST~C~t\S$ WJt\VCMMt\~~EtWill llave charge of all Watch Repairing.

THOROUGH WORK AND PROMPTNESS GUARANTEED.--:0:-- .

SHELL AND KUKUI WORK EXECUTED TO ORDER.

HONOLULU STEAM BAKERY.

R. LOVE & BRO., Proprietors,

Nuuanu Street.

Always on Hand and Made to Order.

-ALSO--

fVATER, SODA .lIND BUTTER CR.lICKERS,

JENNY LIND C.lIKES, <te.~O::-

SHIP BREAD RE - BAKED ON SHORTEST NOTICE.Family Bread, made of the Best Flour,

Ba10ed Daily, and always on hand.

N. B.-Brown Bread of the Best Quality. _

L. -VV~~.,

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.'

Shop on King St., near Lewers & Dickson's.--:0:-

ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.

CHAS. T.GULICK,N~1!;1In1t fP17B~lfJ.

AGENT TO TAKE ACKNOWLEDGMENTSTo Labor COll"tracrts,

Ka.a.humanu Street, Honolulu, H. I.

THOMAS LACK,

. MACHINIST, LOCK AND· GUN SMITH,-AND- I

Fi:n.es"t Cigars, Tobacco,

Pipes, Po"'U.ches, ~c.

AGENT FOR

-AND-

FLORENCE !{EROSENE STOVES.No. 40 Fort Street, Honolulu.

~1. PHILLIPS & CO.,No. 10 Kaahumanu Street, Honolulu,

Importers and Commission Merchants.-:0:-

.SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE, 111 BATTERY STREET.

HYMAN BROS.,IMPORTERS OF

GOODS FROM ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANYO_ANDTHE_

"'CJ"NJ:TED ST.A.TES.

Special Attention Civen to Island Orders.

ESTABLISHED 1863.

J. NOTT & CO.,IMPOR;I'ERS AND DEALERS IN

STOVES, RANGES, KEROSENE STOVES,c :e 0 C x:: E :e y,

Tin Plate, Copper, Sheet Iron,Solder, Wire, Rivets, Zinc, Lead,

Cast Iron Hollow Ware,Lead and Iron Water Pipes, Cast Iron Soil Pipes,

Steam and Water Cocks, Union Couplings,Steam and Water Fittings,

pumps, House Water Closets, Plows, Horse Hoes,Planters' Hoes, Lane & Clements' Hoes,

Pickaxes, Hunt's Axes and Tools, Hubs,Spokes, Felloes and Iron Axles for Ox and

Mule Carts, &c., &c., &c.

PnA~TI~AL TIN, ~~rrER AND SHEET IRON WORXERS &PLUMBERS.No.9 Kaahumanu St., Honolulu.-------

WILLI.llr R. CASTLE. FRANCIS M. HATCH.

..

,OASTLE & HATOH,

ATTOR~.EYSATLfi~Office, 15 Kaahumanu Street.

Attend the Terms of Circuit Court on all of the Islands. Loans negotiated.Conveyancing. Special attention paid to matters of Real

Estate Law, in action and otherwise.

W. R OASTLE,.

NOTARY PUBLIC.

J. M. OAT & CO.,SA~L MAKERS.

SAILS, HAMMOCKS, TENTS, AND TRUNK COVERS1\IJ:ade "to Order.

FLAGS MADE AND REPAIRED.Carpets Cut and Made to Order.

MAKEE (Fire-proof) BLOCK, QUEEN STREET, HONOLULU, H. I.

EIST.A.:BLXF;;:El:E:I> 1859.

PiONEER fURN~lURE WAREROOMS,

Have on hand and manufacture to order all kinds of

Furniture, Upholstery, Drapery & BeddingAGENT AND EXPORTER OF PULU.

New Goods of the Very Latest Styles Received every Month

Warerooms in Fire-proof Building, No. 111 Fort Street-Work Shop at the Old Stand on Hotel Street, near Fort Street.

HENRY M.A.Y & CO.,TEA DEALERS,

Oalfee Boas;terSJ and PJ!6vfsioDl Mrero&antSJ"Fort Street, Honolulu, H. I.

New Coods Received by Every VesselFrom the Eastern States and Europe; Cal. Produce by each Steamer.

~QQodsdelivered in any part of the CitY.A1

TREGLOAN'S

MERCHANT TAILORING ESTABLISHMENT,Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands,

IMPORTER. OF SUPERFINE WOOLEN GOODSSuitable for Gents' Dress, Bosiness, and Traveling Suits, Ulsters, &c.

LADIES' RIDING HABITS,. TRAVELING SUITS, ULSTERS ANDWALKING JACKETS A SPECIALTY.

-:0:-

Box 183. Orders Executed in Eastern Style.

A. L.SMITH,N"o. 44 Fort 81;., ::EI:o:n.ol.-u.l:u.,~.::I:.,.

IMPORTER AND DEALER IN ..

MERIDEN OUADRUPlE PLATED WARE,"Ya:n.kee N"o"t:l.o:n.s,

BINf}~S (fff!)MOINdlltION Sff?BfJlt;lfJ~lflS.

VASES, BRACKETS,LUSTRAL WIRE WARE,

DOMESTIC PAPER FASHIONS.GUNS, POWDER, SHOT, FANCY SOAPS, ETC., ETC.

-:o:.=:::...-

AGENT FOR THE

JUSTLY CELEBRATED AND UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED

"" Ligh.1; B.:u.:n.:n.i:n.g"

DOMESTIC SEWING MACHINE.XJfiirTER~ISSTRICTLY CASH.~

INDIAEstablished 1862.

RICE-CORNER OF-

MILL,

MISSION AND FREMONT STREETS,

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

--:0:--

THE INDIA RICE MILL,After twenty years' practical experience and improvement, is nowthe nearest to perfection of any of the Rice Mills of the world. Inthoroughness of cleansing and polishing it stands unrivalled, and inyield of cleaned, merchantable Rice from the Paddy, produces from 5to 8 per cent. more than the celebrated mills of Amsterdam.

--:0:-

THE INDIA RICE MILLIS NOW IN PERFECT RUNNING ORDER FOR THE

From the Hawaiian Islands, to whioh it is Speoially Adapted.

--:0:-

WILL RECEIVE

WM. M. GREENWOOD~Q-eneral Cor.o.n:::l.ission ~erchant,

And Proprietor oj the India Rice Mill.

-FOR-

L

--_0_-.---

A HAND BOOK OF INFOR1IATIONOn Matters Relating to the Ha-w-aiian Islands,

Original and Selected, of Value to

Merchants, Planters, Tour-

ists and Others.

--_..._----SEVENTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION.

I.'

THOS. G. THRW£, CO~IPILERAND PUBLISHER,Merchant, and Fort Streets,

HONOLULU.

COPYRIGHTED ACCORDING TO LAW.

COUNTING HOUSE

CALENDAB~---_0_ ...--'---

• ~~ ~rI ~

...:

~ ~~ ...: ...:

m ...: 00 ~ ~ ~-.: ...: ~ i'i1 00

~ z ~ -.: ~

m ~ 00 ~ pz Z i'i1 ~ P H

'"'rI p 0 P i'i1 ~ ~ -.:00 :::l '"' ~ '"' 1'< 00

--- - - -- -- -July .......... 1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 121314 15 161718192021 222324 25 26 27 28 29 3031 , ..

Aug•.. 1 2 3 4 5 67 8 910 II 1< 13

1415161718192021 22 23 24 25 262728293031 ......

Sept•. , ...... 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 910

Il1213141516171819202122232425 26 27 28 29 30 ..

Oct 1234 5 6789 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 192021 2223 24 25 26 27 28293031 ..

Nov. .. .. 1 2 3 4 5678910Il12 1

1314 151617 1819 1

20,21 2223242526127282930 ... , "1

iDee......... 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 910

II 12 1314 15 1617 1

18192021222324125 26 27 282930 31

-AND-

-AND-

-AND-

(Near Fort,)

~. '1...: ~ ~~ ...: . ...:00 ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ITHUl. G. THRUM,~ '"' r-. '"__- - - - - - - - IMPORTING

Jan•......... , .. 1234 567 8910 II 121314 15

16171819202122 MANUFACTURING23 24 25 26 27 2829

Feb. 3031 12 3 4 5['STATIONER6 "7 8 910 II 12

1314 15 161718191 NEWS20 21 22 23 24 25 261'27 28 . . DEALER.

~[ar. 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 II 12

13141516171819

2021 2223242526 BOOK BINDER.27 2829 30 31 ....

April 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mercllant St.,

10 II 12 13 14 15 161718192021222324 25 26 27 28 29 30

)IllY 1 2 3 4

1

5 6 7 F rt St t8 910 II 121314 0 ree ,

1516171819202122 23 242526 27 28 Oor.fIotel St.,

293031 .. ,.... ," HONOLULUJune.. .. .. '1 2 3 4 ,

5 67 8191011112131415161718 R.I.192021222324251

1'26 27 28 29 30 .. ..

I

•rI

~ ~~

m ...:...: ...: ~

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ROBERT GRIEVE, PIUS1'RR, HONOLULU, H. 1.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tie principal object aimed at in the preparation of the-HAWAIIAN ALMANAC ANDANNUAL from its inception has been to combine full and accurate information onmatters peculiarly Hawaiian within its economized space, and to present itsconstantly reviewed tables of information in such a manner as shall facilitatein its consultation.

From the constantly increasing homo and foreign demand, the assurances ofmany minds, as also the liberal extracts from its pages in leading publicationsabroad-with due credit-indicate in a flattering manner the appreciation of ourlabors, and the wholesale plagiarism in the recent effort at a Directory of theseIslands by its compiler, notwithstanding our copyrights, is an unintentional ltC·

knowledgment of the reliability and value of our property that cannot be ignored.The increasing corps of co-laborers as shown in this issue, gives further variety

and increasing interest in I,lland subjects of research which, as above noted, itwill be our chief aim toO maintain. The article (.n Hawaiian Algreds the first thathas yet been published, and is from one who has devoted. many years to its inter­esting study. Theatrical Reminiscences, from Mr. Sheldon's facile pen, recallsincidents which, with its history in these Islands, has long been sought for bothhere and abroad. Hawaiian Legendary Lore, by the Rev. A. O. Forbes, is con­tinued as a feature of the ANNUAL, and the able essay on the Hawaiian Climate,from the Rev. S. E. Bishop, with other kindred Island subjects by other writers,will be read with interest. Retrospect for the Year is assuming more importanceeach issue with its varied information, which, as an impartial recorder of events,it is our province to note, not only for present reference but for the guidance ofthe future historian of these fair isles.

With grateful feelings to an appreciative public, and thanks to those assistants:who have contributed so largely to the success of ~he ALMANAC AND ANNUAL,the Compiler presents the result of his labor upon this, its seventh issue, feelingconfident that it falls behind none of its predecessors in interest.

THOS. G. THRUM~.HONOLULU, November, 1880.

4

~nttjnihnl ~nlutnl ~nlclldn~

FOE :LSS:L,

Being the 100rd year since the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands by Capt. Cook:The latter part of the l05th and the beginning of the 106th year of the Indepen-

dence of the United States of America. Also,The Year 5641-42 of the Jewish Era:The Year 1298 of the Mahommedan Era:The Year 2633 since the foundation of Rome, according to Varro.

HOLIDAYS OBSERVED AT THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

"New year Jan. 1 American Anniversary July 4,Chinese New year Jan. 29 "His Majesty's Birthday Nov. 16"Good Friday Apl. 15 "Recognition of Hawaiian Inde-Birth of Queen Victoria May 24 pendence Nov. 28"Kamehameha Day June 11 "Christmas Dec. 25

Those prefixed by a " are recognized bv the Government.

CHURCH DAYS, FIXED AND MOVABLE FEASTS.

Epiphany Jan. 6 Ascension Day May 26Septuagesima Sunday Feb. 13 Pentecost or Whitsuntide June 5Shrove Sunday Feb. 27 Trinity Sunday June 12Shrove Tuesday Feb. 29 Corpus ChristL June 16Ash Wednesday Mch. 2 St. John Baptist's Day June 24First Sunday in Lent Mch. 6 All Saints' Day Nov. 1Palm Sundav Apl. 10 First Sunday m Advent Nov. 27Good Friday Api. 15 St. Nicholas Dec. 6Easter Sunday Apl. 17 Christmas Dec. 25Low Sunday Apl. 24 St. John, Evangelist Dec. 27Rogation Sunday....•......•...May 22

CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES.

Dominical Letter B'I Solar Cycle : 14Epact 30 Roman Indict.ion................... 8Golden Number..................... 1 Julian Period 65940

ECLIPSES IN 1881.

In the year 1881 there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon,and a transit of the planet Mercury over the Sun's disc.

A partial eclipse of the Sun occurs May 27, and an annular eclipse Nov. 21, 1881,neither of which will be visible at these Islands. .

A total eclipse of the Moon occurs June 11, as follows:Enters Penumbra ~.42.4 P. 11£'1 Total Eclipse ends ........•. 9.~.3 P. M.Enters Shadow 6.39.2 P.1\!. Leaves Shadow 10.05.1 P. M.Total Eclipse begins 7.41.5 P.1\!. Leaves Penumbra 11.00.6 P.1\!.

Middle of Eclipse ...........•8.22.4 P. M.Magnitude of Eclipse, 1.365. Moon's diameter=l.

Transit of Mercury over the Sun's disc occurs Nov. 7, 1881.Ingress, ExterJor Contact .. 11~44.38 A. 11£'1 Egress, Interior Contact 5.oo.4.{) P.1\!.Ingress, InterlOr Contact ..11.46.21 A. M. Egress, Exterior Contact 5.05.30 P.1\!.

Least Distance of Centres 2.24.04 P. M.

A partial eclipse of the Moon occurs Dec. 5, 1881, partly visible here, as follows:Enters Penumbra•...........3.45.1 A.M., Leaves Shadow•..............8.18.1 A.M.Enters Shadow .4.56.2 A.M. Leaves Penumbra 9.28.6 A.M.

Middle of Eclipse ......••..•. 6.36.9 A. M.

•

5

FIRST QUA~TER, 1881.

JANUARY. FEBRUARY. MARCH.D. H.M:. D. H.M. D. H.M.6-First Quarter. 9.38.1 P.M. tr-First Quarter 2.22.5 P.M. 7-First Quarter..9.30.5 A.M.

14--Full }loon ..... 1.02.3 A.M. 13-Full Moon 7.52.2 P.M. ltr-Full Moon 0.05.4 P.M.22-I,a8t Qnarter .10.16.5 A.M. 21-Last Quarter•..8.59.0 A.M. 2'~-Last Qnarter 458.5 P.M.2<J-New Moon .... 2.16.7 P.M. 27-New :Moon .....1.01.1 P.M. 2<J-New }loon O.OO.q P.M.

~ w5 IF3 ~ ~ fIi ~ ~ ~~ = ~ E z ~ ~ ~ z E

,0 ~ iia z ~ i:= a ~ ~ ..~ z ~ ~ Z ~~ ~ ~ 00 ~ 0 ~ tIJ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~Q ~ H. Me H. lI. A A II. M. H.:M. A A II. M. II. M.

1 Sat 6,42.0i5.26.0 IITues 6.40.515.'17.11 I'Tues 6.23.8

16.01.1

2 SUN 6.<t2.215.26.8 2 Wed 6.40.2,5.47.6 2 Wed 6.23.016.01,4

3'Mon 6,42.35.27.6 3 Thms 6.39.9'5.48.2 3 'rhurs 6.22.2

1

6.01.8. 4iTues 6,42.55.28.3 4 Fri... 6.39.65.48.7 4 Fri 6.21.4 6.02.2

51 Wed 6.42.75.29.0 5 Sat 6.39.35.49.3 5 Sat 6.20.616.02.6

6 Thurs 6.42.85.29.7 6 SUN 6.38.65.50.0 6 SUN 6.19.816.03.07.Fri.. 6.43.05.30.4 7 Man 6.37.95.50.8 7 Man 6.19.0

1

6.03.38

jSat 6.43.1 5.31.1 8 Tues 6.37.2.5.51.5 8 'l'ues 6. ]8.26.03.6

9 SUN 6.43.~ 5.31.8 9 Wed 6.36..55.52.21

9 Wed 6.17.416.03.910 Man 6.43.3.5.32.5.10 Thurs 6;35.85.53.0

1

10 Thms 6.16.6,6.04.211 'rues 6.43.4 5.33.2 11 Fri... 6.35.15.53.7 11 Fri.. 6.15.716.0.1.512 Wed 6.43.55.33.9 ]2 Sat.. 6.34.4 5.54.5 ]2 Sat.. 6.14.8i6.04.813(fhms 6.43.65.34.5 13 SUN 6.33.9 5.54.9i ]3 SUN 6.13.9 i6.05.1HFri.. 6.43.75.3.'>.2 14l\Ion 6.33.4 5.55.2i 14l\1on 6.13.0

1

6.05.41.5[Sat 6.43.8 5.3.5.8 ]5 'rue>. 6.32.9 5.55.6i 15 'fues 6.12.1 6.05.716;SUN (;.43.7 ~.?6.~ 1~ Wed 6:32.4 ~.55.9116Iwed 6.11.2i~.06.0l7,.. Mon 6.-13.6/0.37.'_j 11 Thurs 6,31.90.,56.3 17 Thurs 6.10,416.06.4IS:'l'ues 6,43.55.38.0 IS Fri.. 6.31.45.56.7! 18

1

Fri (;.09,416.06.919; Wed 6,43,415.38. 71 19,5at 6.31.05..57.0: 19

15at 6.08,4j6.07.3

20f

'fhurs 6,43.3.5.39.51 ZO./SUN 6.30.35.57.4; 20 lSUN 6.07.4,6.07.821,Fri 6.4.3.1 5.40.2 21 MOil 6.29.55.57.8121:Moll }.06.3i6.OS.322 Sat 6,42.95.40.9 22(rues 6.28.85.58.3. 221Tues 6.05.3

16.08.7

23,. SUN 6,42. 715.41.61 23iWed 6.2s.115.58. 71 23!Wed !6.01.2,6.09.224!l\Ioll 6.42.55.42.2 24

1'l'hurs 6.27.4 5.59.2: 24<Thurs ,6.03.2!6.09.7

25;'fues 6.42.315.42.9 25,Fri... 6.26.7!5..59.61 2.,,>/Fri. 16.02.4F09.826iWed 6.42.15.43.6

1

, 26ISat 6.26.016.00.0

j26is.at 6.01.6j6.09.8

27\Thurs 6.41.S

1

5.44.2 27 SUN 6.2.5.316.00.4, 27ISUN 6.00.91

6.09.928 Fri... 6.41.65.44.8

1

28 Man 6.24.(;16.00. 71 28IMon 6.00.26.09.929

1

Sat 6.41.4 .5.45.4 29'rTues .5.59..5,6.10.030 SUN 6.41.1 1.5.45.9 j 30 Wed .5..58.S 6.10.031 :Man 6.40.8.5.46.5: 31 Thurs .5..58.16.10.1

Principal Articles in Annuals of 1875-6, found in no other.

1875-List of Hawaiian Ferns. Deeadenceof Hawaiian Forests. TheTides. Not€s on History of the Sugar Industry of the HawaiianIslands, with Tables.

1876-Chronological Table of Hawaiian Events. History of the Ha­waiian Post Office, ,vith Postal Treaties. Sketeh of the Press ofHonolulu. History of Coffee Culture in the Hawaian Islands,with Tables.

•

6

OVERLAND DISTANCES, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.REVISED FOR THIS ISSUE.

ISLAND OF OAHU.

F.wn Honolulu Post OjJke, to:MILES

Waikiki Grove........ .. . . . . . . •. . . 3Diamond Head...•.•... , .. 4%;Koko Head 11Ewa Church 11Waialua Church.. .. . . . . . .. •• .. • . .. 28.~Waianae Church, Pokai.... . . . . . .. 30Nuuanu Pali........ .. .• .... ...... 6

MILESWaimanalo 12Kaneohe Plantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9X'Kaalaea Plantation... . . . . . . . . . • • .. 15Kualoa Ranch 19X'Punaluu Rice Plantation 26Laie Settlement 32Kahuku 38

ISLAND OF KADAI. •From Lihue to: MILES

Waialua Falls................... 5Koloa........................... 10Kealia........................... 14Kilauea 22·Hanalei.......... .. . . .••. 30

From Koloa to: JULES

Hal}apepe.... 7WaImea......................... 15

From Lihue to:Mana Point.................. .•• 10

ISLAND OF MAUl.

MILES

420

From Lahaina to:Kaanapali .W'ailukn , ..

From J{ahului to:'Vailulrn P.O .?tlakawao .Hana through Hamakua.......•

From Wailuku to:Kalepolepo ..Makee's Plantation.....•.....•.•Makawao .

From Kalepolepo to: MILES

Makee's 10Makawao 13X'

From Haiku Landing to:3 Makawao ; ; 7

11 From Makawao, Sayre'. Store, to;45 Summit of Haleakala•......... ;. 13

From ]1[akena to10 Makee's Plantation............. 320 From Ulupalakua to:14 Hana, via Kaupo :. 45

ISLAND OF HAWAII.

From lIilo to: MILES

Kaupakuea Plantation 10Volcano.. . . . .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. 3OX'Summit Crater, via Kilauea 65Waiohinu 65

From Kawaihae to ..'Vaimea : 11

. Kailua 30Kohala Plantation............••. 17

From Kohala Plantation to:Waimea 23

From Waimea to:Waipio Valley 10Laupahoehoe.~ 30

From Laupahoehoe to: MILES

Hilo............................. 30From Waimea to ..

Summit of Maunakea, via Kalai-eha............................ 40

Hilo, via Hamakua.. . • .. . • .. .. .. 62Hilo, via Kalaieha........... ...• 54'

From Kealakekua to:Kailua 13Waiohinu... . .. . .. .• .. 48Summit of Hualalai. . . . . . . . •. . • • 25

From Waiohinu to:Keaiwa.......................... 24,SummitCrater, via Kapapala.:.. 61 .

7

SECOND QUARTER, 1881.

APRIL. lUY. JUNE.D. H.M. D. H.M. D. lI.M.6-Fir.t Q,uarter. 5.22 7 A.lII. 6-Fir.t Quarter. 0.12.4 A.lII. 4-First Quarter. 4.47,7 P.M.

13-Full ~foou••.• 1,18.5 P.M. 13-Full Moou •••• ll.52.3 A.llI. ll-·J<'ull Moo11 .... 8.25.2 P.llI.2O-Last Quartcr.. ll.OO.9 P.llI. 2O-LastQuarter.. 4.35.9 A'M. IS-Last Quarter•• l0.47.3 A.M.27-New 1>10011 .... ll.53.1 P.lII. 27-New 1>10011.... 1.04.2 P.M. 26-New Moon.... 3.32.0 A.M.

~ ~ ~z~ ~ ~ ~~ ~:; ~: = 00 ~z =io· ~ ~ io f;l ~ io

z z r.. ~ ~ r..~ ~ ~ ~~ 0 1ll oo~ 0

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.:::~~;-;--=_,---~H-,::'lII==.'-=CH::-,'7M~. Cl Cl H. lII. H. M. ~ ~ H. M. H. M.

1 Fri. 't5.57.7 6.10.6 IISUN 15.33.76.20.3 1 Wed 5.21.9

1

'6.33.42 Sat.. 5.56.66.11.1 2 Mon 5.33.1 6.20.6 2 Thurs 5.21.86.33.83 SUN 15.55.5 6.11.6 3 Tues 5.32'6 6.20.91 3 Fri.. 5.21.8 6.34.24]\1on 5.54.4 6.12.0 4 Wed 5.32.0 6.21.2i 4 Sat 5.21.86.34.55 'rues 5.53.36.12.4 5 Thurs 5.31.56.21.51 5 SUN 5.21.96.34.86 Wed 5.52.26.12.8 6 Fri.. 5.30.9 6.22.0 6 Mon 5.21.96.35.17 Thurs 15.51.16.13.1 7 Sat 5.30.36.22.51 7 Tues ; 5.21.96.35.48 Fri.. :5.50.3 6.13.4 8ISUN 5.29.76.23.1 8 Wed 5.22.06.35.79 Sat 15.49.5 6.13.7 9 Mon 5.29.1 6.23.6i 9 'rhurs 5.22.06.36.0

10 RUN ;5.48.61

6..14.0 1O.Tue.s ~.2~.5 6.24.2110 Fri... 5.22.1

1

6.36.311 Mon i5.47.8 6.14.3 l1·Wed 0.2/.96.24.7111 SaL 5.22.16.36.612 'rues 15.46.916.14.6 12I'1'hurs 5.27.26.25.3112 SUN 5.22.26.37.013 Wed 5.46.16.14.9 13IFri.. 5.26.76.25.6 13 Mon 5.22.36.37.414 Thurs 5.45.216.15.2 14 Sat.. 5.26.316.26.0114 'rues 5.22.4 6.37.815 Fri.. ;5.44.4j6.15.5 15

ISUN 5.25.916.26.4 15 Wed 5.22.5 6.38.2

16 Sat 5.43.6

1

6.15.8 16,Mon 5.25.51

.. 6.26.9 16 Thurs 5.22.66.38.617 SUN '5.42.8 6.16.2 17ITues 5.25.16.27.3 17 Fri. 5.22.76.38.818 Mon :.'5.42.0i6.16.5 18 Wed 5.24.716.27.8 18 Sat 5.22.9 6.39.019 Tues '5.41.216.16.8 19IThurS 5.24.3

16.28.3 19 SUN 5.23.116.39.2

20 Wed :5.~0.416.1!.2120Fri.. 5.24.0i6.2K6 20 Mon 5.23.36.39.421 Thurs 5.09.6 6.11.6i 21 Sat 5.23.8

16.29.0 21 Tues 5.23.56.39.6

22. Fri.. 5.39.016.17.9

t

22

1

ISUN 5.23.6,6.29.3 22 Wed 5.23.76.39.823 Sat 5.38.4 6.18.1 23 Mon 5.23.4 6.29.7 23 Thurs 5.23.9 6.39.1!24 SUN ,5.37.8 6.18.4 24 Tues 5.23.2 6.30.0 24 Fri.. 5.24.1 6.40.125IMon ,5.37.2/6.18.6

125 Wed 5.23.06.30.4 25 Sat 5.24.36.40.3

26I'rues !5.36.6 6.18.9

1

26 Thurs 5.22.86.30.8 26 SUN : 5.24.56.40.527 Wed 5.36..0

1

6.19.1 27 Fri.. 5.22.66.31.2,27 Mon 5.24.76.40.728

IThurs 5.35.4 6.19.4

128ISat 5.22.4 6.31.6', 28 Tues 5.24.96.40.!!

29.Fri... 5.34.8j6.19.7129ISUN 5.22.2 6.32.1! 29 Wed 5.25.16.41.130

I

Sat 15.34.2,6.20.01

30IMon 5.22.1 6.32.6130 Thurs 5.25.4 6.41.431ITues 5.22.0 6.33.0

Principal Articles in Annuals of 1877-8, found in no other.

1877-Full text of Treaty of Reciprocity with United States. Reminis··cences of the Press. Trip to the Sandwich Islands. List- of Ha··waHan Mosses. Notes on History of Rice Culture in the Haw'n'

. Islands. Act relating to Stamp Duties.1878-'l'he Board of Education, its duties, &c. Hamakua-Haiku Ditch..

History and description of Hawaiian Stamps. Retrospect, 1876-7,.

I.

8

INTER-ISLAND DISTANCES BY SEA, IN SEA MILES.:REVISED FOR THIS ISS{TE.

AUOUND OAHU.

From HOIl07nIH, ESjJ[anade lVhmf, fo :

MILES MILE~

Bell Buoy................ 1M Kahuku........................... 51Diamond Head.. .. . 5 Pearl River Bar. .. . .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 6Koko Head 12 Barber's Point :..... 14Makapuu Point 17 Kaena Point, NW of Oahu........ 34Mokapu 29 Kahuku, N pt of Oahu, via Kaena. 54

Honolllin to:

MILES MILE~

Lae 0 ka Lua, SW point of Molokai. 35 Kawaihae......................... 144West point of Lanai. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. 50 Kealakekua direct................ 157Kalaupapa Leper Settlement...... 50 KealakekUl\ via Kawaihae......... 186Lahaina........... 72 SW point Hawaii via Kawaihae... 2&1Kahului....... .. 90 Punaluu........................... 2.<;0Hana 125 Hilo direct 192Maalaea 85 Hilo windward route.. 207Makena . .. . .. .. 90 Hilo via Kawaihae...... .. 230Jlfahukona ' , .. . . . •. . .. .. . . . . .. • . .. . . . . 134

Honoln7u to:

. MILES I MILESKoloa, Kauai. -.... 102 'Vaimea.... 120Nawiliwili. ·•..........• 98 Hanalei........................... 120Niihau 144

Laha;lIa to:

MILES I MILESKalu~aha.... 17 Maalaea............ 12LanaI. 9 Makena........................... 18

Kawaihae fo:

. MILES MILEg

MaJ;!.uJrona........ 10IHilo......... 85WaIpIo.... 40 Lae 0 k'l. Mano................ 20Honokaa.................. 50 Kailua 34Laupahoehoe... .... .... .. .. 65 Kealakekua....................... 44

Hilo fo:

l\lILE S I IULEBEast point of Hawaii............... 20 Punaluu........................... 70Keauhou, Kau.... 50 Kaalualu.......................... 80North point of Hawaii... 70 South point of Hawaii :. 85

WmTH OF CHANNELS, EXTREME POINT TO POINT.1\lILES MILES

Oahu and Molokai .... .... .... .... 231 Maui and Kahoolawe.... GDiamond Head to SW pt Molokai. 30 Hawaii and Maui.... 25Molokai and Lanai... . .. .. .. .. .. . . 7 Kauai and Oahu " 61Molokai and Maui...... .. .. 9 Niihau and Kaui......... .. .. . 15Maui and Lanai... .. .. 9

OCEAN DISTANCES-HONOLULU TO:

. MILESI MILESSan Francisco 2100 Auckland 3810Portland 2460 Sydney 4484Panama. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. 4620 Hongkong......................... 4898Tahiti. 2380 yokohama - 3440

9

THIRD QUARTER, 1881.JULY.

D. H.M.4-Fi..t Quarter. 6.44.6 ...),.

ll-Full Moon ...•. 3.42.0 A.M.17-Last Quarter. 7.02.3 P.>!.25-New Moon .... 6.48.5 P.M.

AUGUST. SEPTEMBER.D. H.M. D. 11.1\[.2-First Quarter.• 0.11.0 P.M. 1-First Quarter. 3.30.8 A.'(9-Full :Moou .•.••10.:J5.4 A.M. 7-Full :Moon •••• 6.08.0 P.>!.

16-Last Quarter.• 6.26.2 A.>!. 14-Last Quarter•• 9.30.1 P."24-New Moon .•••10.13.7 A.>r. Zl-New Moon ..•• 1.23.1 ...>1

W-Firs! Quarter•.11.17.0 A.lI •

. IIFri... 5.25.76,41.4 1 Mon 5.37.6i6.34.3 1 'rhurs 5.47.816.11.82 Sat 5.26.1 6.41.5 2 Tues 5.38.96.33.8 2 Fri 5.48.0 6.10.93 SUN 5.26.4 6.41.5 3 Wed 5.38.4 6.33.3 3 Sat 5.48.36.10.04 Mon 5.26.7 6.41.6 4 Thurs 5.38.86.32.8 4 SUN 5.48.5 6.0D.l5 Tues 5.27.06.41.6 5 Fri.. 5.3D.16.32.2 5 Mon 5.48.86.08.26 Wed 5.27.4 6.41. 7 6 Sat 5.3D.4 6.31. 7 6 Tues 5.49.06.07.37 Thurs 5.27.7 6.41.7 7 SUN 5.39.7 6.31.1 7 Wed 5.49.36.06.48 Fri. 5.28.] 16.41.6 8 Mon S.40.0 6.30.6 8 Thurs 5.49.4 6.05.59 iSat 5.28.5.6.41.1>1 9 .Tues 5.40.36.30.0 HFri 5.49.56.04.7

l0iSUN S.28.91.6.41.4 10 Wed 5.40..6 6.29.5 10 Sat.. 5.49.6/6;03.9lI,Mon 5.29.4

16.41.2, ]] Thurs 5.40.96.28.9 11 SUN 5.49.76.03.2.

12~Tues 5.29.816.41.0i 12 Fri 5.41.26.28.2 ]2l\1on 5.49.8,6.02.513iWed 5.30.2i6.41.8i 13 Sat 5.41.66.27.4 ]3 'rues 5.49.9i6.01.814i'rhurs 5.30.616.40.6

1

14 SUN 5.42.06.26.7 14 Wed 5.50.01

6.01.0>15 jFri.. 5.30.916.40.4 ]5 Mon 5.42.4 6.25.9 15 Th.urs 5.50.1 ,6.00.116

1

Sat 5.31.3,6.40.2, 16 Tues 5.42.86.25.2 16 Fn 5.50.415.5!}.(f]7 SUN 5.31.6

16.40.0/17 Wed 5.43.26.24.4 17 Sat 5.50.85.58.0·

18[Mon 5.32.0,6.&9.8 18 Thurs 5.43.66.23.6 ]8 SUN 5.51.15.56.919,Tues 5.32.3:6.39.6 ]9/Fri 5.43.86.23.0 19 Mon 5.51.5 5.55.820

I'Wed 5.32.716.39.4120 Sat 5.44.06.22.3 20,'l'Ues 5.51.85.54.7

21 Thurs 5.33.16.39.1 2] SUN 15.44.216.21.6 21 Wed 5.52.215.53.6

22 IFri 5.33.6i6.38.7122 Mon 5.44.4 6.21.0 22 Thurs 5.52.6,5.52.623 Sat 5.34.0

1

6.38.3 23 Tues 5.44-.5 '6.20.3 23 Fri.. 5.52.9

1

5.51.7.24 SUN 5.34.56.37.9 24 Wed 5.44.7 6.19.6 24 Sat 5.53.15.50.825Mon 5.34.9,6.37.5 25 Th.urs ~.4~.9 6.18.9 25 SUN 5.53.4 5.49.926 Tues 5.35.316.37,1 26 Fn a.4a.3 6.]7.9 26 Mon 5.53.~5..48.927 Wed 5.35.8

1

6.36.7 27 Sat 5.45.76.16.8 27 Tues 5.53.91

5.48.1)28 T~urs 5.36.216.3~.2 28ISUN 5.46.216.15.8 28 Wed 5.54.15.47.~.29IFn 5.36.5 6.3a.8 291Mon 5.46.6,6.14.8 29IThurs 5.54.2,5.46.~30 Sat 5.36.9,6.35.3 30lTues 5.47.0,6.13.8 30 Fri 5.54.3'5.45.631 SUN 5.37.2.6.34.8 31 Wed 5.47.4,6.12.8 I

Principal Articles in Annual of 1879, found in no other.

1879-The Hawaiian Islands as a Sugar Producing Country. Varietiesof Sweet Potato. Anecdote of Kamehameha I. List of" Birds ofthe Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian tradition of the Origin of Fire.Meteorogical Table, 1873 to 1877. Commemoration of Centennialof Discovery. Longitude of Honolulu. Retrospect far 18i.8,. andMarine Casualties for 1878.

2

10

Census of the Hawaiian Islands, taken December 27, 1878.

BY DISTRICTS AND ISLANDS.

HAWAII.IIllo 4,231Pllna l,043Kan 2.210Kona, North 1,967Kona, South 1,761Kohala, North 3.299Kohala, Sonth 718Hamakua 1.805

--17.0MNAUI.

Lahaina 2.448WaIluku 4,186lIana 2.067Makawao 3.4OB

• --12.109

MOLORAI ·2.581LANAI 2UNlIHAU 177

OAHU.IIunolulu 14,114Ewa and Waianae 1.6\~J

Waialua.... 6:39Koolauloa 1.082Koolaupoko 2.40'.l

--20,235KAUAI..

Waimea 1,197Koloa 1.OC8Puna l.8;j2Koolau aud IIanalei. 1.597

--- 5,634

BY NATIONALITY.

Nallves 44,088 Britons...................... 88'tHalf-castes 3.420 Portngnese............................. 43fj.Cllinese 0 0 5,H16 (jermans _..... 272Americans 1.276 French................................. 81HawaiIan-born of forei/(n parents..... 947 Other foreigners........ ••• 666

Total Popnlation, 18:8 57,980.

Population of the Principal Townships of the Hawaiian Islands,Compiled from the Latest Census, 1878.

NATIONALITIES.Honolulu, Wailuku, Lahaina. Hila. Waimea.

Oahu. Maui. Maui. Hawaii. Kavai-_._--------_.- --_._--------. ----Natives .Half-castes••.•...•...••••.•.•••.••.•••.••Foreigners ..

9,272l.all3.531

3,a07311568

1,9671583~3

2,9512'~a

1,057

1090'2{)

87

___.=T.=o",ta",l",s",..",._._.._'",..",.",.",..:..:•.=.:..:...=•.=..:..:'.=':":":..:''''':..:''-',----=1:..:4""1",1.=4---=,----=4,,,.1::...86-,----,- 2.:.:,4"'48-'--'-.=4,::.:2..='U=-=----=l"'.1::.:9.=7_

NATIONALITY AND SIlX OF ABOVE TABLE.I

5B;!W7

812vi·2

4621441

HOB1;343

12994

791222ti287921213

181724

2

E4

30141116

18

1085'882

7187

210

17~

1:573161l~O

3227

2119801925

6215

Native nlales ·..................... 4,771~~ females " ". 4,501

nalf-easte males......................... 604.~ females"" ... """"" •.... o •• " .... " 707

Chinesc males............................ 1.199" females.......................... 100

naw.·born of foreign parents, males..... 260,. H "females.. " 295

American~, males ...•................. 0.. 4')')H fenlales." "" . " """ .. """ ". 175

British. males... 31a.. femalcs........... 165

German, males ,............ 101H females"".""."" ""."" 38

French, males.................... 2:3.. females.......................... 16

Portuguese, males o 00 " ••• ow •••• 202 25.• females." .. """ .. ";, "" .. ,,... 54 2

Other forcl!;::ners. males.................. 137. 32 19 34 2" " females ,................. 31 2 .. ... ..

Totals,1878 : W14/"4:l86 - 2.413 ~231-W97Totals by the Census of 1872............. 14.852 4,060 3.002 4,ZW 1,2U9

11

FOURTH QUARTER, 1881.

O. H.M. D. H.l!.5-FuIDIoon .••• 3.31.6 P.M. 5-·Full 1>Ioon .••• 6.42.3.A.M.

13-Last Quarter.. 0.29.6 P.M. l3-Last Quarter.• 9.33.3 A.M.21-New Moon ...• 5.49.6 A.>l. 2O-New Moon .... 6.35.6 P.M.28-First Quarter. 2.30.1 A.M. 27-First Quarter.10.1U.2 A.M.

OCTOBER.D. H.M.7-Full Moon .. ,. 3.27.0 A.M.

14-La8t Quarttr •• 3.54.5 P.>l.2"2-New]\{oon .... 3.59.6 P.M.29-Fir8t Quartel. 6.15.9 P.M.

NOVEllIBER. DECEllIBER.

:= ~ 00 00 ~ ~ '15 u.i ~ .~ a5 ~

t;.l ~ ~E:: ~ ~ ~~;.l ~ ~~ ~ ia ..~Z ~ ~ -1.<0 ro'I ~ ~

i ~ z z~ ~ z ~~ = Z ~8 ~ ~ ~~ 0 ~ lll~ 0 ~ lD

~ ~ H. M. H. M. ~ ~ R. 111. H. ll. ~ ~ H. M. H. M.

1 Sat 5.54.41.5.45.0 1 'rues 6.06.55.20.51 1 'rhurs 6.25.15.13.62 SUN .. , .. '5.54.5

1.5.44.4 2 Wed 6.07.15.20.0 , 2 Fri.. 6.25.S 5.13.S

3 !lIon '5.54... 6

1

.5.43.8 3 Thurs 6.07.75.19.7 3 Sat 6.26.55.13.94 Tues '5.5·t7 5.43.2 4 Fri.. 6.08.35.19.3 4 SUN 6.27.25.14.15 Wed '5.54.S 5.42.6 5 Sat 6.0S.8 5.1S.8 5 Man 6.27.85.14.26 Thurs '5.54.9 5.42.1 6 SUN 6.09.4 5.1S.3 6 Tues 6.28.5j5.14.47 F,ri.. ,5.5~.01·?.41.1 7l\f<ln 6.09.95.17.91 .7 Wed 6.~9.1 ~.14.6S S.at '5.5ed 0.40.2, 8 Tues 16.1O.4 5.17.41 S Thurs 6._9.8 o.14.S9 MUN.; '5.55.4 5.39.2: 9 Wed 6.11.05.16.9

1

9 Fri... 6.30.4 5.]5.110 l\'[on

,5.55.8

j

5.38.2[10 ·l'hurs 6.11.61

5.]6.6.10 Sat 6.31.05.15.51] ·rues :"5.56.3 .5.37.2i 11 Fri.. 6.12.15.]6.4

11] SUN 6.31.55.15.9

12 Werl '5.56.S .5.36.2 12IBat 6. ]2.65.16.2112 Man 6.32.05.16.313 Th.urs 5.5~.215.35.2:113IBUN 6.13.115. ]6.0113 'rues 6.~2.515.16.714 Fn 5.51.75.34.3, 14IMon 6.13.6 5.15.8i 14 Wed 6.03.05.17.11.5 B.at 5.5S.215.33.4'11,'i Tues 6.14.115.15.6115 Thurs 6.33.5.5.17.516 SUN 5:58.7 .5.32.5! 16 Wed 6.14.7:5. 15.4i 16 Fri.. 6.34.015.1S.017 f''[on 5.5!l.~i~·31.~, 17ITh.urs 6.15.2,~.15.2117 Sat 1~·3:.5'15.]8.518 rues 5.59.110.3001 iI18IFn 6.]5.S,.).15.0

1]S SUN 6.30.0 5.1!l.0

19 Wed 6.00.21.5.2!l.8, 1!l.I.sat.. 6.16..5;5.14.S

1

19 Mon 6.35.5\.5.19.520 'rhurs 6.00.815.28.!l;120'SUN 6.17.2:5.14.6 20 Tues 6.36.05.20.02] Fri. 6.0l.3

1

.5.28.2!121',.MOn 6.17.!l;..5.14.5 21 Wed 6.36.515.20.5

22 Sat 6.01.7 5.27.5 22'rues 6.1S.6 5.14.31122 'rhurs 6.37.0

1

5.21.023 SUN 6.02.2i5.26.sI123iwed 6.19'3,5.14.1 23 Fri.. 6.37.55.21.524.. Mon 6.03..615.26.1 2-!i.ThurS 6.20.01.5.14.0 124 Sat 6.38.05.22.02:>,'rlleS 6.03.l;5.23.4i 2.~:Fri.. 6.20.8'15.14'°125 SUN 6.38.55.22.526 Wed ,6.03.5,.5.24.71 26:Sat 6.21.5 5.13.9 26 Mon 6.3!l.0 5.23.027i'l'hurs !6.04.0 .~.24.01 27

1SUN 6.22.3

1

5.13.9 27 Tues 6.3!l.55.!3.528;Fri... '6.01.5:5.23.3128,l\'[on 6.23.1.5.]3.S 28 Wed 6. 3!l. !l 5.23.929,SaL 6.05.0.5.22.6 1. 2!lITucs..: 6.23'SI.5.]3.8 2!l Thurs 6.40.4 5.24.430 SUN i6.03.5;5.21.!l130IWed 6.24.5 5.13.7 30 Fri.. 6.40.95.24.931iMon 6.06.05.21.2 131 Sat 6.41.4,5.25.4

Principal Articles in Annual of 1880, found in no other.

IS80-The Hawaiian Flag-. Honoluiu I,ibrary and Reading Room.Varieties of Taro. Hawaiian Tariffand Digest of the Laws andRegulations of the Customs, &c. 'rhe Commemorative :Monu­ment. Hawaiian tradition of Pele and the Deluge. The Hono­lulu Fire Departm.ent. Retrospect for ]87!l. Marine Casualtiesfor ]87!l. Comparative Table of Rain-fall, Honolulu, 1874 to 1879inelusive. .

12

Table of Elevations of Principal Localities throughout the Islands,from. the Records of the Governm.ent Survey. Measurem.ents arefrom. Main Sea LeveL

(CORRECTED FOR THIS ISSUE.)

OAHU.

847

79.6

99

FEET.Kaala 4,060Palikea, Waianae Mountains ...• 3,110Puu Kaua, Waianae Mountains .. 3,105Konahuanui Peak, Pali. 3,105.5Lanihuli Peak, Pali. 2,775'.rantalus, or Puu Ohia.........• 2,013.5Olomana Peak, in Kailua 1,643Koko Head, upper crater.......• 1,205Koko Head, lower crater. . . . . . . • 644Nuuanu Pali station ...•........ 1,207Mokapu, crater off Kaneohe.... 696Station on ditto................. 680Makapuu, East pt. of Island.... 665Station on dIttO............ ..... 642Ulamao, hill in Kailua.......... 991Maelieli, ditto, in Heeia.. . . . . . .• 713Puu Ohulehuli, in Hakipuu..•.• 2,262

FEET.Round To~ (Ualakaa) 1,052Diamond Head, or Leahi. . . . . . . • 761'relegragh Station (Kaimuki)... 292Punchbowl Hill................. 4!18.5Salt Lake Station............... 485Second Bridge, Nuuanuroad.... 77Light House, top of vane....... 37*Salt Lake, mean level. . " . . . . .. 0.0Avemge of High Peaks on Kona-

huanui Range, about 2,800Little Bridge front of Queen

Kalama's, Nuuanu road .....Punahou (verandah floors old

building) ..Nuuanu Distributing Reservoir,

level of ,water .

MAUl.

FEET,Haleakala 10.032West Maui, about. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,820Piiholo, Makawao 2,256Puu 10, near Captain Makee's 2,&11Captain Makee's, about 1,900Puu Olai (Miller's Hill)..... 355Makawao Female Seminary 1,900H. P. Baldwin's, Makawao........ 930

FEET.Haleakala School. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. 2,150Puu Nianiau, Makawao 1),850Puu Kapu~i, H~makua 1,~5OPuu 0 UmI, HaIku................ 629Puu Pane, Kula... . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. 2,[>68Lahainaluna Seminary........... 600Kauiki, Hamakua .. .. 392Grove Ranch, Makawao.... 981

HAWAII.

FEET.Mauna Kea 13,805Mauna Loa, about. 13,600Hualalai. 8,275Kohala Mountain 5,505KUauea, Volcano House " 4,«0Kulani Hill, near Kilauea ......• 5,650Falls of Hiilawe, Waipio 1,700Waimea Court House " 2,669.6Sea Coast Bluffs between Waipio

and Waimanu, N. coast ..... 1,600Kalaieha, about ...............•. 6,450Waipio Pali, E. side at sea...... 900Aahuwela, near Laumaia 7,750

FEET.Waipio Pali, W. side at sea ; .. 1,200Waipio among the Mountains 3,000Waimanu among the Mountains.. 4,000'Vaimanu at sea 1,600Average road through Hamakua .. 1,000Honokaa Store 1,100Maulua Road..................... 406Lower edge forest Hamakua 1,700Lower edge forest Hilo 1,200Hilo Bluffs oncoast 100 to 400Halui Hill, Hilo.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 345Austin's, Onomea " . .. 411Laupahoehoe Pali. 385

FEET.I FEET•.'K.A.UAI, Waia~eale 5,~ !:ANAI, about :- 3,4.00MOLOKAI, estimated.............• 3,500 Kahoolawe, Tngonometncal Sta-MOLOKINI 165 tion of Moaula 1,428

*In the salt·making season it is from 1 to 2 feet below sea level; in the rainy season itsometime~ rises to 4 feet above sea level.

13

RULERS OF THE PRINCIPAL NATIONS OF THE WORLDIN 1880.

Argentine Republic ••••.•• Nicolas Avellaneda President ..Austria-Hungary Franz Joseph I. Emperor ..Bekian Leopold II King ..Bolivia Hilario Daza PresIdent .Brazil Pedro II Alcatara Emperor .Chili Anibal PiutO IPresident .China ; K"'ong Shu Emperor ..C.O!Ombia Gen.eral 'I'rujiIlo President .Co~ta Rica 'l'omas Guardia President ..Dcnmark Christian IX King ..Ecuador ; .. Jose de Yintimilla President .France Fran~oi8P Jules GrevylPresident ..Germauy Wilhelm I............. Emperor .

Alsace·Lorraine Eduard von !Loller Oberprasident.Anhalt Friederich Duke ..Baden Friederich I. Grand Duke .Bavaria L.ud\vig II }{ing 0 ..

Brenlen - Bugomasters ..Brunswick Wilhelm I. Duke ..Hamburg : Burgomasters.Hesse LudWIg" IV Grand Duke .Lippe G. F. Waldemar Prince .Lu beck Burgolllasters ..Mecklenburg-Schwerin Friederich Franz.II ••• Grand Duke•••Mecklenburg-Strelitz •. Friederich Wilhclm Grand Duke•..Oldenbnrg Peter Grand Duke .Prussia \Vil}lclIn 1 0 Kin~ .Reues-Greiz Heinrich XXII Prince .Reu"s-Schleiz Heinrich XlV IPrince .Saxe-Altenburg Ernst Duke .:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Ernst 11. Duke .Saxe-Meiningen Gf'org I!. Duke .Saxe-Weimar Karl .Alexander Grand Duke .Saxouy Albert King ..Schammbnrg-Lippe , /AdOlf Prince .Schwarzburg-Hudolph. Georg •................ Prine,c .Schwarzburg-Sonders .. Gunther II Prince ..Waldeck Georg Victor Prince ..'Vurtemburg ~' Karl I King ., .

Great Britain and Ireland. Victoria <rn &; Ern. Ind.Greece GeorgioB I liing .Guatemala J. H.ufinio Barrios President .Hayti. ; General Salomon President ..

~~~~~;~~ .~~I.a.~~~.:::::::: fr~II~~I~~~.::::::::::::~:~~d~;;t':::::Italy.. , Humbert I King .Japan ~lutsn Hito Mikado .Mexico Porfirio Diaz President .Morocco !luley-Hassan Sultan .Netherlands Willem 111. King .Nicaragua Pedro Chamorro President ..

~~~:fau~=::::::::::::::::::~~~~~~d-g~~~:~::::::~~~~~~~l.t.:::::Peru ]\[ariano Ignacio Prado President .Portugal Luis I. King .Russia Alexander II Enlperor .Santo Doming-o Cesareo Guillermo Presider.lt .San Salvador u .••••. Rafael Zaldivar President .Spain Alfonso XII. King ..SW:d~n and Norway Oscar 11. King: .SwItzerland B. Hammar PresIdent .Turkey Abdul-Hamid-Khan Sultan ..

Egypt Tewfik Pasha Kheidve .Roumauia Karl I DOlllllU..••••••• Prince .~t'ryia .... ..•......••.• Milan IV Obrcnovic. '.IPrinCt~ .

United States K B. Hayes President ..Ururruav L. Latorre Pre~ident : .Venzue1a Guzman Blanco, pro,"l.President .

GOVERNMENTS. RULERS. TITLE. BORN. DATE OFACCESSION.

1838 Oct 12 .......187418;;0 Dec 2........18481835 Dec 10.......1865

May 4........18,61825 April 7......1s:n

1871Scpt 18......18,6Jan 12.......1875April 1......1878Provisional

1818 Nov 15.......1863

1813Sept 8.......1876Jan 30.......187!l

1797 Jan 18.......18711814 NOv .........187118:11 May 22......18711820 April 24.....18521845 March 10....1864

1806 April 20.....1831

1834 J un e 13......18771824 Dec 8........1875

1823 l\larch 7.....18121819 Sept 6.......18601827 Feb 27....... 18;;:~1797 Jan 2........ 18611846 Nov 8........18;;91882 July 10......186718;;6 Aug 3........ 18581818 Jan 2iJ.......18H1826 Sept 20......18661818 July 8....... 18;;.318:.l8 Oct 29 .......18731817 Xov 21. ...... 18f,O183S Nov 26 .......18691801 Aug- 1!~ ....... 18:15lSU May 14.......18451823 J uue 25......18641819 June 20......18'171845 June 6....... 18(j;~

May 7....... 187:JNov 2', .••••••18i"9

18'16 Feb 12.......1874May 29•.•..• 181'"

1841 Jan 9........18791852 Feb 18....... 18671830 ~Iay 5........1877lSn Sept 25......18781817 March 17.... 1849

·Nov 10........ 1875April 12..... 1877

1829 Sept 10......1848

1838Aug 2: .....•. 1876Nov 11.......1861

1818 ~larch ~2 ..... 1855. .............1879

1857April 80.....1876Dec :30 .......1874

1829 Sept 18......1872·Jau 1. .......1879

1842 Aug- 81. ...... 1871;Juue 27...... 1879

1839 ~Iay 10...... 18681855 July 2....... 18~81822 March 5.....1877

March 11 ....187/;. ............. 1879

14:

POST OFFICE STATISTICS.

Inter-Island letters passing the General Post Office, Honolulu,from 1864 to 1880.

IFOREIGNERS. I HAWAIIANS.

YEAR. Letters Letters Letters I Lette... . . Received Forwa~dl.d Received For~~

From April 1, 1864, to April 1, 1865 15,594 13,652 7,650 9,570From· April 1, 1865, to April ], 1866 2],642 14,886 ]4,379. 16,Gi8From April 1, 1866, to April 1, ]867 23,282 16,607 20,082 22,821From April ], 1867, to April ], 1868 25,873 19,013 23,733 25,535From April 1, 1868, to April 1, 1869 27,543 19,547 25,920 25,986From April 1, 1869, to April 1, ]870 27,433 19,806 25,233 24,499:From April 1, 1870, to April 1, 18il 29,147 19,118 28,596 28,091From April ], 18il, to April 1, 1872 24,6.55 23,333 26,364 3.5, il5From April ]; ]872, to April 1, 18iS 27, il7 24,199 41,662 4],340From April ], 1873, to April 1, 1874 38,313 25,007 45,816 44,233From April 1, 1874, to April 1, 1875 35,545 23.488 39,232 39,027From April 1, 1875, to April ], 1876 38,166 23,564 35,630 44,233From April 1, 1876, to April 1, 18ii 36,349 29,558 32,250 49,9iiFrom April 1, ]8ii, to April ], 1878 42,409 37,094 33,472 52,181From April ], 1878, to April ], 1879 57,907 47,957 43,605 67,153From April 1, 1879, to April 1, 1880 72,9.53 63,936 46,496 69,489

The number of letters received from, and sent to Foreign Ports, fromApril 1st, 1870, to April 1st, 1880, have been us follows:

Year. Letters Received. Letters Forwarded.

1870-187] 25,8]] ,' ..,' ..24,DD!]871-1872 26,772 23,7131872-1873 2~,020 25,8951873-1874.. 26,679 ~ 2;5,481181'1-1875 , 26,112 28,7371875-]876 31.742 31,650]876-4877 33,244 35,7801877-1878 42,4&> 44,505]878-1879; .45,682 .43,3721879-1880 : ; 50,352.. . 57,209

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF POPULATION OF HAWAIIAN IS.

ISLANDS. EQ,T. CENSUS CENSUS CENSUS C~NSU8 CENSUS cENsus1cEXSUS'1823 1832 1836 185:3 1860 18(;ij 1872 1878--------·1---- --------'- ------

Ha\\·aii .:I\laui .Oahu .KauaL .J\Iolokai. .Lanai .Niihau ..Kahoolawe ..

Totals..... 142,050 130,312 108,579 ~,la8W,800 -;,959 M,897 -;,985

• ..

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF EXPORT, 1860-1879.YEAR Lns. GALLS. LnB. LnB. I Lns. Pes Lns. GOAT LBS. LBB. I LBS. TONS 'TOTAl, VALUE ALL

:SUGAB. MOLASSES. RICE. PADDY. COFFEE. HIDES. TALLOW. SKINS. WOOL. PCLU. FUNGUS. SALT. DO'I. EXPORTB.

1860 1;144,271 108,613 == =.~= -48,966 19,964 84,957 37,298 ----.ro;524 649,204 178,794884 $349,926 541861 2,562,498 128,259 45,366 7,463 233.100 21,945 119,927 530,835 278,330 762 404.]72 741862 3,005,003 130,445 111,008 812,176 ]46,463 ]5,461 242,94253,076 40,368 738,064 301,4]7 598 532,941 87]863 5,292,121 114,413 123,451 598,29] 133,17] 16,366 2B2,640 43,646 233.]63 425,081 279,158 656 678,213 5'11864 10,414,441 340,436 319.83.5 105,320 50,083 12,049 ]89,700 32,333 196,667 643,437 368,835 729 970,228 81]86515,318,097 542,819 154,257 , 310,799 3,849 186,49054,988 144,085 221,206 223,979 120 1,430,211 82]86617,729,]61 851,795 435,367........... 93,682 8,331 159,73176,115 73,131 212,026 ]20,342 739 ],396,621 61]86717,127,]87 5'14,99·4 441,750 572,099 127,5'1611,207 60,93651,889 409,471 203,958 167,666 lO7 ],205,62202]86818,312,926 492,839 40,450 862,954 78,373 11,144 109,50457,670 258,914 342,882 76.78] 540 1,340,469 26186918,302,110 338,311 48,8301,586,959 340,841 ]2,803 85,93762,736 2]8,752 622,998 85,215 1,152 1,639,091 59187018,783,639 216,662 152,068 535,453 415,111 13,095 90,388 67,463 234.696 233,803 41,968 2,5]3 :,403,025 06187121,760,773 271,291 417,011 867,452 46,92619,384 185,24058,900 471,706 292,720 37,475 711 1,656,644461872 ]6,995,402 192,105 455,121 894,582 39,27627,066 493,978153,598 288,526 42],227 32,161 522 1,34.5,585 38187323,129,101 146,459 941,438 507,945 262,02520,677 609,855166'702 329,507 412,823 57,538 445 1,661,407 78187424,566,611 90,060 ],187,986 439,157 75,49622,620 125,596 71,955 399,926 4]8,320 50,955 730l 1,555,355 37187525,080,182 93,722 ].573,739 556,495 165,977 22,777 851,920 60,598 565,469 379,003 45,098 96 1,774,082 91187626,072,429 139,073 2,259,324 ];542,603 153,667 11,105 ?27,291 45,265 405,5'12 314,432 35,893 5 1,994,833 55187725,575,965 151,4622,691,3702,571,987 lOl,345 22.164 369,829

151,551385,703 150,586 11,629 322 2,363,866 66

187838,431,458 93,1362,767,7682,784,861 127,963 25,309, 239,941,64,5251

522,757 212,740 22,364 180lj

3,333,979 49187949,020,972 87,4754,792,813 38,815 74,275 24,885 24,940 464,308 137,001 2,571 50 3,665,503 76

INTERNAL TAXES FOR BIENNIAL PERIODS, 1862-1880.. Real Est. Per. Prop. Polls. Horses. ~fules. Dogs. . Carria[Je.~. Nat. Seamen. Totals.

1862-$17,063 $12,990 $32,995 $52,742 $2,691 $1] ,018 $] ,294.. $2,441 $]33,2361864- 17,877......... 12,669......... 32,561......... 52,326......... 3,080......... 10,038......... 1,384.. 1,872......... ]31,729186G- 20,173 16,336 30,870 60,290 4,265 12,016 1,748 4,957 150,6621868- 22,360 20,197 30,086 61,541: 4,823 12,954.. 2,125 10,212 165,4001870- 23,532 22,888......... 28,850 60,027 5,109......... 15,430 2.400 8,268 166,5061872- 52,355 45,329 27,841.. 53,006 6,140 22,271. 3,125 5,894.. 215,9611874- 53,892 42,707 27,620 50,088 6,073 20,236 3,490 3,296 ; 207,4031876- 58,64.5 47,fl88 27,372 49,1\J4 6,012 18,676 3,987 3.056 213,9301878- 94-,584.. 9!.378 28,722 47,564.. 3,053 ]6,465 4,865 2,114 29],7451880-143,716 155,944......... 35,484.. : 43,399......... 15,172......... 5,780...... 815......... 400,310

16

List of Free Imports from the United States by Treaty.

Agricultural Implements. Animals.Bacon, Beef, Books, Boots and Shoes, Bullion, Bran, Bricks, Bread

and Breadstuffs of all kinds, Butter.Cement, Cheese, Coal, Cordage, Copper and Composition Sheathing,

Nails and Bolts; Cotton and Manufactures of Cotton, bleached andunbleached, and whether or not colored, stained, painted or printed.

Doors, Sashes and Blinds.Eggs; Engines and parts thereof. .Fish and Oysters, and all other creatures living in the water, and

the products thereof; Fruits, Nuts and Vegetables, green, dried or un­dried, preserved or unpreserved; Flour, Furs.

Grain.Ham, Hardware, Harness, Hay; Hides, dressed or undressed; Hoop

Iron.Ice, Iron and· Steel, and manufactures thereof; Nails, Spikes and

Bolts, Rivets, Brads or Sprigs, Tacks.Lard, Leather, and all manufactures thereof; Lumber and Timber

of all kinds, round, hewed, sawed, and manufactured in whole or inpart; Lime.

Machinery of all kinds, Meal and Bran, Meats, fresh, smoked orpreserved.

Nails, Naval Stores, including Tar, Pitch, Resin, Turpentine, rawand rectified. .

Oats.Paper, and all manufactures of Paper or of Paper and Wood; Petro­

leum, and all Oils for lubricating or illuminating purposes; Plants,Shrubs, Trees and Seeds, Pork.

Rice.Salt, Shooks, Skins and Pelts, dressed or undressed; Staves and

Headings, Starch, Stationery, Soap, Sugar, refined or unrefined.Tallow, Textile Manufactures made of a combination of wool, cot­

ton, silk or linen,or of any two or more of them, other than whenready-made clothing; Tobacco, whether in leaf or manufactured.

'Vagons and Carts for the purposes of agriculture or of drayage,'Vood and manufactures of Wood, or 'Vood and Metal, except Furni­ture either upholstered or carved, and Carriages; \Vool and manufac­tures of 'Vool, other thah ready-made clothing.

List of Articles Admitted into the United States Free of Duty fromthe Ha"Waiian Islands, "When Properly Certified to Before theU. S. ConsuL

Arrow-root; bananas; castor-Oil; hides and skins, undressed; pulu;rice; seeds; plants, shrubs or trees; muscovado, brown, and all otherunrefined sugar; commonly known as "Sandwieh Island sugar;"syrups of sugar cane, melado and molasses; tallow; vegetables, driedand undried, preserved and unpreserved.

For the complete Tariffand Digest of the Laws and Regulations ofthe Customs, Pilot and Harbor Regulations, corrected to November,1879. see Almanac imd Annual for 1880.

..

Comparative View of the Commerce of the Hawaiian Islands from 1844, giving the Totals for each Year.

9o291185965857

Dome!:ltic Foreign Total (Jus· Transhipment of Oil and Bone. Shipping. SpirIts Haw. ltegis-ear. Imports. Exports. Produce Produce tom House Galls. Merch'tVessels Wh'lers Gallons te ..edVessel~Galls. Lbs. Nat'IVess'!s ------ ----Exported. Exported. Receipts. Spill. Oil. Wh.Oil. Wh.Bone. No. No, 'rous. .No. Consum'd No. Tons.------------ ----- ------- ----- -_._- -------- - ----1844 l 350,3·17 •169,641 $ 100,587 , 60,054 , 14,263 ... ... ~ ..... .......... .. ....... 14 42 .... , ... 165 . ... . ... 15 7751845 515,94t 269,710 202,700 67,010 25,189 .......... ......... .......... 14 41 ....... 163 .........1846 598,382 682,850 620,525 62,325 36,506 .......... . ........ ...... ... 17 53 ......... 167 "'3;iii .. 28 1;5781847 710,138 261,226 209,018 55,208 48,801 ........... .......... .......... 4 67 ....... 167 67 2,1601848 605,618 300,370 266,819 33,551 55,568 .......... ....... .. ......... 7 90 ........ 254 3,443 78 2,8731849 729,739 383,185 185,083 198,102 83,231 .......... ........... ......... JZ 180

"90;:i04"274 5,718

"3;53'1850 1,035,058 783,052 5&6.522 246,529 121,506

.. i04',362 ..··909:379 .• 9'oi',604'12 469 237 8,251 801851 1,823,821 691,231 309,828 381,402 160,602 7 446 87,920 220 11,270 75 4,461852 759.868 -638,393 257,251 381,142 113,001 173,490 1,182,738 3,159,951 3 235 61,065 519 14,148 69 4,431853 1,401,975 472,096 281,599 191,397 155,650 175,396 3,787,348 2,020,264 7 211 59,451 535 18,203 56 3,821854 1,590,837 585,122 274,029 311,092 152.125 156,484 1,683,922 1,479,678 16 125 47,288 525 17,537 54 6,271855 1,383,169 572,601 274,741 • 297,859 158,411 109,308 1,436,810 872,954 13 154 51,304 468 18,528 45 4,831856 1,151,422 670,824 466,278 204,545 123,171 121,294 1,641,579 1,074,942 0 123 42,213 366 14,779 48 4,711857 1,130,165 645,526 423,303 222,222 140,777 176,306 2,018,027 1,295,525 10 82 26,817 387 16,144 54 5,791858 1,089,660 787,082 529,966 257,115 116,138 222,464 2,551,382 1,614,710 10 115 45,875 626 14,637 53 5,241859 1,555,558 931,329 628,575 302,754 132,129 156,:160 1,668.175 1,147,120 6 1~9 59,241 549 14,158 65 6.361860 1,22&,749 807,459 480,526 326,932 117,302 47,859 782,086 571,966 10 117 41,226 325 14,295 68 6,931861 761,109 659,774 476,872 182,901 100,115 20,435 795,988 527,910 7 93 45,952 190 9,676

1

53 b,841862 998,239 838,424 586,541 251.882 107,490 12,522 460,407 193,920 6 113 48,687 73 8,940 58 6,641863 1,175,493 1,025,852 744,413 281,439 122,752 66,687 675.344 337,043 6 88 42,930 102 7,862 44 6,491864 1,712,241 1,662,181 1,113,328 548,852 159,116 33,860 608,502 339,331 8 167 75,893 130 10,237 56 7,891865 1,946,265 1,808,257 1,521,211 287,045 192.566 42,841 578,593 I 337,394 7 151 67,068 180 11,745 65 10,171866 1,993,821 1,934,576 1,505,821 428,755 215,047 118,961 1,250.!l65 611,178 3 150 60,628 229 12,833 74 11,661867 1,957,410 1,679,661 1,324,122 355,539 220,599 103,215 821,929 405,140 11 134 60,268 243 15,119 77 11,451868 1,935,790 1,898,215 1,450,269 447,946 210,076 106,778 774,913 696,043 7 113 54,833 153 16,030 63 9,7918611 2,040,068 2,336,358 1,743,291 623,067 215,798 157,690 1,698,189 627,770 6 127 75,656 102 17,016 61 10,521870 1,930,227 2,144,942 1,514,425 630,517 223,815 105,234 1,443,809 632,905 16 159 91,248 118 19,948 64 10,851871 1,625,884 1,892,069 1,733,094 158,974 221,332 63,310 283,055 29,362 9 171 105,993 47 18,817 57 8,061872 1,746,173 1,607,521 1,402,685 204,836 218,375 60,887 32.974 81,998 7 146 98,647 47 18,843 54 6,401873 1,437,611 2,128,054 1,725,507 402,547 198,655 56,687 673,697 122,554 12 109 62,767 63 21,212 58 8,561874 1,310,827 1,839,619 1,622,455 217,164 183,857 23,187 403,876 174,111 13 120 71,266 43 18,466 54 8,101875 1,505,670 2,089,736 1,774,083 254,353 213,447 37,812 312,305 104,715 22 120 93,110 41 21,131

51 I 7.371876 1,811,770 2,241,041 2,055,133 185,908 199,036 .......... .......... .......... 14 141 10S,706 37 19,707 45 6,751&77 2,554,356 3,676,203 2,462,417 213,786 230,499 .......... .......... .......... 17 168

I116,621 33

I24,223 54 8,991878 3,046,370 3,548,472 3,333,979 214,492 284,426 .......... ........ .......... ,11 232 163,640 27 36,360 55 7,941879 3,742,978 3,781,718 3,665,504 116,214 359,671 ..... .... ...... ... ......... 6 251 151,576 25 43,166 63 10,02

y

o46385871t63493

NOTE.-Where blanks occur in the earlier years. there was either )10 record or the figures when given IVere unrelia~le. The first transhipment of _c;>il and Done WIIS in 1551, eo fllr as any regular record can be fonnd for statistical pnrpcses.

18,

A COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE LEADING IMPORTS OFTHE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

1873. 1875. 1877. 1879.

1----1----1---- ----Ale, Porter, Brandy, Cider...•..••............ $ 14,9'1'7 32 $ 32.826,59 $ 27,317 17 $ 43,255 64Animal. and Bird :...... 30 18 43400 11,79619 78,571 71Bnilding Material... 15,807 12 31,016 91 59,5.% 02 89,512 12Clothing, lIat., Boot..... 144,756 99 168,377 61 2'J4.097 14 251,564 86Crockery and Gla••ware.... 6,452 11 13,278 42 28,216 20 31,107 4~

Drugs and Medicines..... 15,769 10 20,996 56 23,560 68 29,750 69Dry Goods-Cottons...... 154,307 50 If);~,464 54 193.776 20 179,927 4'1

Linens... 7,600 94 12.322 25 25,20846 13,048 liZSilks..... l1,7!J'J 52 13,8:31 39 14,2G5 51 33,764 26Woolen........... 26,658 28 39,142 26 69,182 68 82,21:~ 46Mixturcs 31,08.3 67 40,952 17 46,:116 73 37,642 97

Fancy Good., Millinery, etc.................. 30,855 83 44,776 31 65,580 47 68,444 11Fish (dry and salt). 18,383 52 14,781 74 26,594 82 66,!l7S 3aFlour......................................... 46,026 42 55,930 57 77,326 21 81,820 38Fruits (frcsh)............................. l.lJ09 47 2,232 00 2,359 23 4,982 00FurnIture........................... 12,974 47 19,082 52 46,058 10 65,106 95Furs and Ivory................................ 2,642 78 15,54095 1,90'240 3,2'2'280Grain and Feed...... 13,862 01 12.73223 22,266 95 55,402 10Groceries aud Provisions..................... 83,95.3 40 103,328 0'2 160,028 78 334,409 99Guns and Gun Materials..... 2,583 89 5,625 11 10,456 66 12,425 76Gun Powder.... 1,431 90 1,]80 41 4,717 84 4,650 41Hardwarc, AO"ricultural Implements, Tools.. 60,W1 85 77,519 38 :i59,059 27 204,4!l2 80Iron, Steel, efe............... 7,748 95 18,075 88 45,694 46 61.709 98Jewelry,P late, Clocks............ 12,617 32 15,8;'6 16 58,014 56 86,14'1 10Leather........................................ 6,661 68 8,54933 17,59787 23,54269Lnmber 50,155 18 78,652 19 136,940 06 189,887 79:Maehinery.................................... 20,055 22 2:~,6U5 12 146.5:!2 47 543,045 12}\[atches 5,647 04 11,089 40 16,626 70 4,049 4:~

}\[usical Instruments......................... 2,834 38 4.764 53 12,152 58 10,033 17Naval Stores... 35,484 42 30,62;; 88 50,483 32 47,41025Oils (cocoanut, kerosene, wliale; etc.)........ 140,665 86 47,177 71 49,201 86 64,8150:;Opium........................................ 13,006 37 22,516 26 .Paint and Paint Oils........... 10,129 38 15,396 61 20,880 74 23,36047PerfLlmeryand Toilet Articles_............. 6,79850 8,020 34 20,354 97 10.801 78Saddlery, 0arriages, etc....................... 24.238 26 21~515 96 62.315 55 78,706 5':}Shooks and Containers _... 63,098 42 4U,544 97 .:l7,504 (J() 45,585 :39Spirits................ 30,716 19 49,446 30 49,O!H 62 72,:.19 78Stationery and Books 17,392 94 25,,172 07 37,929 49 44.098 61Tea : '...................... 7,66960 10,292!l2 9,16!! 02 2U.79!l 5:1Tin and Tinware... 3,165 52 3,637 56 4,481 77 6,5">6 90Tobacco, Cigars, etc.......... 34,067 71 42,072 f.3 61,4!1I> 1J2 82,618 98Whalebone.. (i7.304 45 41,<'-15 08 54,5!~~ 12 19,36.3 45Wines (light>.................................. 10,910 18 14,688 80 11,741 93 9,178 17

THE PUBLIC DEBT.

(From Report of"'\1inister of Finance to Legislative Assembly, 1880.)

The Debt on the 1st of April, 1878, was , $444,800Amount paid during the past fiscal period. .. . . .. • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 79,800

Balance of Debt of 1878, $365,000Borrowed by authority of Act of September, 1876......... 23,900

Present Debt, April·t, 1880 $388,900The interest charges on the above are:

Twelve per cent. per annnm on $ 41,000Nine per cent. per annum on 304,200Seven per cent. per annum on .. ;. . . . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . 43,000Bearing no interest-Bond due not called for,.... .. . . . . .. .. 100

Debt as shown above , $388,900Of this there will be due and payable. during the current fiscal period. •.... $89.600

19

IMPORTS HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, 1879.

TOTAL.

--1----·----- ---.-

27,458 66

31,107 42

29,759 6917'9,!!27 4313,048 6238,7612682,213 4637,642 ·9768,444 1161),9788381,820 884,98200

65.10" 953,222 8U

r;5,4O'~ 10384,109 9912,425 764,650 41

4-~,255 6478.571 7189;512 12

251,084 86

701 169705729,4.35 69

31,912 8H $ 11,342 81 $52 75 $ 78,518 9,; .

:18,711 S;~ 49,890 26 910 5:3189,677 94 55,590 00 6,310 92

29,54.3 60 216 0998,690 Z~ 78,552 74 2,684 4613,042 32 6 203'~,!l;6 26 808 006!1,783 64 11,'i65 94 663 88;~2,837 19 4,805 78 .66,046 88 1,8',g 62 588 6114,144- 70 52.aOO 71 5:32 9'Z

647 25 SO.845 38 327 7521H 30 4,~'(j2 70 0

29,7ft3 26 32,237 19 3,006 50

..... i:soo 'lii t>.~:~ ~ ..... "ilii'99106,015 70 217,772 12 10,622 17

5,540 62 1,906 16 4,978 984,648 41 2 00

Ale, Porter, Beer, Cider $Animals and Birds ..Building Materia18~ 0 ••• 0 ••

Clothing, lIats, Boots .Crockery, Glassware, Lamps and Lamp

Fixtures .Drngs, Surgical' Instruments and Den-

tal Materials .Dry Goods-Cottous .

Linens ..Silks .Woolens .lIIlxtures ., .

Fancy Goods, MIllinery, etc .Fish (dry and salt) .Flour .Fruits (fresh) .Furniture .Furs and Ivory .Grain and Feed ..Groceries and Provbions ..Guns and Gun Materials ..GunPowder ·Hardware, Agricultural Implements and

Tools.................... 5:3,13.3 42 149,551 14 1.808 24 204,49'~ SOIron and Steel, etc........... 2'1.497 79 33,471 12 1;741 07 til,70'J 98Jewelry, Plate, Clocks.. 8J.279 71 2,OZ~ 32 3,814 07 86.11710Leather...... 2.57396 2O,9i:8 7:J 23.54269Lumber................................. 6,688 95 188,198 81 189,887 79Machinery.................. 342,979 98 199,477 18 587 96 543.040 12Matches................................. 59 1.~ 3,9m 70 26 30 140.001~ 41'~,:Musical Iustruments............... 10,OO'J 60 23 57 , auNaval Stores......... .•.... 14,618 76 Z-1,602 O'~ 2.189 47 47,410 25Oils (Cocoanut, Kerosene, Whale, etc.) 7,51a 70 54,4.16 60 2,851 75 64,815 05Paints and Paint Oils and Turpentine... 22,74t 43 5lH 00 lla 04 2:1",60 47Perfumery and 'follet Artlcbi.... ...... 10,2J;~ 7', 448 11 109 92 , 10.801 78Saddlery, Carriages and Materia!....... 31,048 43 46,64~ ao 1,014 SO 78,706 5:3Sh~,,!ks and Con·iainers................. 32.73;~ 81 9,850 22 3,001 86 45,585 39SpIrItS 0.... 3.019 01 0......... (t9,500 77 72,519 78Stationery and Books................... 10,21~ 94 32,777 fiG 1,071 OJ 44,l'!J8 61Tea. 11,980 7:3 8,818 80 20,799 5:3Tin and Tinware and.Materiols......... 6,%6 90 ." 6.566 90Tobacco, Cigaro, etc..... 3,610 82 49,249 62 2'l,758 54 82,618 98'Vha!ebone..... . 19,363 4'5 19,:16:~ 45Whaling Gear........................... 258 71 'j':ll 50 990 21Wines (light) 2,595 88 6,582 29 9,178 17Sundry MdEe. not Inclnded in above.... 59,955 6" 32,23281 4,191 55 96,a80 02Sundry Unspecified :Merchandise....... 2,148 84 2,148 84Charges on Invoice... 49,621 98 29,862 54 4,798 47 81,282 9925 per ct added on Uncertified Invoices 4,576 43 4,576 ~3

Totals ISt:G91,Z.093 W26.14249 $187,52905$3,404,942 47Disoounts 0 0 0 •••••••••••••••••••••• '0 ••• $23,345 47Damaged and short........................................... 4,1l3 III

..

I,

,IMPORTS AT OTHER PORTS, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

$3,377,483 81

VALUE PAYING VALUE FREE BY VALUR INDtJTY. TREATY. BOND.

....

KahuluC=.~=.~ $7,377 84- $110,2;;2 r;;- - $3656-Hila 4,639 73 93,407 52 .Kealakekua................... 142 88 ..

215.85517----

. $3,533.a.~8 98Value of goods free : 1--=49.6~~

Total. $3,742,978 39

86690546574120026252

500

Total 1879 $359,671 05Total 1878................. 284,426 42

Increase 1879 75,244 &3

86956508 8~

Total at all Ports $I,585,8.'J3 67

Total Honolulu $1,573,816 10At Kahului, from U. S. Pac. Pts 7,:3n 8!At Hilo, frolll U. S. Pacific Ports 4,63~ 72:

1,68Q 61187 !J5

130 0044232

1,272 1037,791 77

812861,5!:J8405,4~4 498,4677u

56,0;;64216,217 4017,159 74

30002,0'&8 UO

20

SELECTIONS FROM CUSTOM HOUSE TABLES, 1879.

Customs Receipts.Import Duties Goods $151,864 SO Fines and Forfeitures .•.•••••••••Imp<:>rt Duties Spirits 121,877 3:3 Registry .Import Duties Bond Goods....... 23,376 09 Bp.oys .'Vharfa~e 15,888 43 Warehouse Storage .111. H. Fund (seamen)...... 1.114 45 Samples .Hospital Fund (passengers)...... 12,17800 ----Blanks................ .•.••• 10,13.3 00 • Honolulu $:3';6,457 44Storage........................... 5,898 Zl HHo............................... 97~ 68Interest........................... 3,200 68 Kakului........................... 2.237 93Fees............................... 3,140 41Coasting Lieense.................... 2,620 9t3Kerosene Stora!:e...... ..... ...... 1,101 23Lights............................ 1,056 78Passports.......... •• .. •• ...... ••• 914 00

Value of Goods Free by Treaty.United States, Pacific Ports $1,317,824 621 At Kealakekua.... 142 88United States, Atlantic Ports... 238,727 77 ------.At Kahului. :. 110,25254 Total $1,820,35533At IIilo.................. 93,107 52

Value of Goods Paying Duty Imported at Honolulu.United States, Pacific Ports .•.•$ 361,919 49 Society Islands ..United States, Atlantic Ports.. 3:1,670 59 Sea, by Whalers .Great Britain.. 7\18,261 17 -----Germany.. .•..• .. 185,867 69China. .... . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . .•••• 86,443 .•3Australia and New Zealand.... &5,922 7:3France. . •• •• . .. 26,256 94British Columbia..... 11,102 20:Micronesia, Guano Islands, etc 2,99J 43

Value of Goods and Spirits Bonded.United States, Pacific Ports .. : $ 69,851 50 Sea. by.Whalers : 1,122 04United States, Atlantic Ports.... 8,:320 52 Micronesia, Guano Islands, etc... 775 8.'lGreat Britain..................... 43,68.'l98China.......... ••• 39,409 97 Total Honolulu $187,115 32Australia and New Zealand.. •••• 11,428 31 At Kahului........ .•••• 34 66France.. .•• •••••. 7,5~f7 61Germany.......... .•.• 4,876 06 Total at all Ports $187,149 98

Value of Goods Imported Free.Animals and Birds $Bags and Containers (retnrned) , .Books, Printed in Hawaiian .Voal, at Honoluln .Diplomatic Representatives•...•••••..••.•••.•.•..•...••.•.....•..•......•.......•

~~~~~~i:~~L~~~~~~~~\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Personal and Household Effects (old and in use) .

~1~~'t;~~dS~~d~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ReturJled Cargo ..

1~~i~~i~~t1~t~~~i:S:S:i~~::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:~:6:0:.~: ~----

Total. •.•••••.•••••••.•••••.•..••••••••••••••..••.••••.••••••....••$149,6~~ 41

Resume, Imports llawaiian Islands.Value Goods Free by Treaty $1,820,~55 33Value Goods Paying.~uty 1,~,&l3 67Value Goods and SpIrIts Bonded................................................ 18/ ,149 USValue Goods and Spirits Free :.......................................... 149,&'l'J 41

Total. ~ $3,742,97B 39

••

21

SELECTIONS FROM CUSTOM HOUSE TABLES, 1879.

Ta.ble of Principal Domestic :Experts for 1879, Port of Honolulu,Showing the Country to which :Exported.

~"C>g ~~ ~:-: ~~ a ~ >gg;

in~f3· S; ~~ ~; S a co. !" ~ ~:;. ~~ ~g ~ ~ ~~

.~ ~p.. ~:i--- --- - ---- -- --------Sugar, Ibs •.•...•...••..•••.•• 49,016,270...... 100 1,300 384 600 2,312 49,020,972!lolasses, galls............... 81,325 4,976....... 882 292 87,475Paddy, lbs...... 38,815 200 38,815Rice, Ibs. 4,769,580 13,200 2,300 4,000 2,058 3,533 4,792,813Colfee, Ibs.................... 68,134 200 3,672....... 211 74,275Salt, tous.................... 50 ...... ...... 50Poi, bbls ,................ 139 ; 2S 167:Fullgns, Ibs.................. 300 2,271............. 2.571Bananas, bchs ;......... 12,369...... .••••• 12,369Goat Skins, pcs.............. 24,940 ,. 10,683...... 24,9-10Hides,pcs ·....... 14,20"2 168 :..... 24,685Calf Skin., pcs.. ..•• 168Puln, Ibs..................... 25,447 111,554 193,929...... 137,001Wool, Ibs ;.............. 270,379 "...... 464,308

~:tTI~~~~~d:::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::: : 1,1~ 1,1;;gPeanuts, lbs ~ ......• 27,525 . . 27,525Betal Leaves. bx............. 62 62

Domestic Exports Hawa.iian Islands.Sugar, Ibs 49,020,972 Goat Skin., pcs .Mola••es, galls.... 87,475 Hide., I?cs .Paddy, lbs........ 88,815 Calf Skms, pcs .Rice, lbs 4,792,813 Pulu, Ibs .Colfee, lb :............... 74,275 Wool,lbs .Salt, tons.......................... 50 Rnm, galls .Poi, bbls 167 Cattle, head .Fung-us, Ib8 o.o ••••••••••••••• 0 2,571 Betel leaves, bxs .

. Bananas, bchs............. 12,369 Peanuts, Ibs ..Whalebone, lbs 816

24,94024,885

168137,001464,308

2,1845062

27,525

Total Value Domestic Produce :Exported.Total Valne Domestic Produce Exported .-.•••. : $3,587.503 76Furnished as Supplies to Merchantmen, as per estimate.. .••. ..••..• 55.000 00Fnrni.hed as Supplies to National Vessels, a. per e.timate................... 20,000 00Furm.hed as supplies at all other Ports, a. per e.timate : 3,000 00

Total $a,665,5O'd 76

Total of all Experts, Ha.waiian Islands.Value Foreign Good. Exp~rted $ 116,214 21Value Domestic Good. Exported 3,587,503 76Value Dome.tic Good. Furnished as Supplies (e.timated).... 78,000 00

Total.. $3,781,717 97

ONE SET SPECIMEN HAWAIIAN POSTAGE STAMPS, UNUSED,Of 1, 2, 2, 2, 5, 6, 12, 13 and 18 cents, mounted on card, showing name

of figures, denominations and time of issue, sent to any address, byregistered mail, for $1.50. This gives a complete set of the" Bust" orengraved stamps, and can be had only of the undersigned. Remit­tances can be mailed in U. S. currency, or stamps. Address,

'rHOS. G. 'rHRUM, Honolulu.Letters of inquiry must include st~mps for reply, or they will not be

answered.

22

Passenger Statistics, AITivaIs and Departures, Port of Honolulu, 1879.

CHINESE.

FROM AND TOFROM TO FR01'( TO

-----------... c > c :=:: 0,; a: 0,;

'" g '" ;:: " " " '"~ ;:;; ~ ~

::; S ::; S'!' Eo '!' ";;l '" ~ ~t:l t:l

- - - - - - - -San Francisco......••.......... ··•· ... ····.·•···· · .. 2633 98 769 70 1540 14 73 ...•Oregon and Washington Territory................. 48.... 25 4 29 1 1 ..••Victoria, B. C......... ..••••.. ..•. 3 4 .Chi"a and Japan.......... 117 ' 6

1

2165 61 253 10Australia and New Zealand.............. 76 5 f>O 3 2 .Islands and Ports in the North and South Pacific 529 25 23 ..Atlantic ports.................... 1 · .. ·1.· ..European Ports......................................... 12 1 1 .Madeira Islands ··•••··•····•··•• · ·... 22'2 198 .

--------Totals 3.524 327 998 83 3736 76 327 10

Total aIriv~ls for the year ; 7,663Total departnres for the year 1,418

Excess of arrivals 6,245Passengers in Transitu.

From Australia aud New Zealaud to San Francisco 733From San Francisco to New Zealand and Australia 1,003

Comparative Table of Receipts and Expenditures, Hawaiian Islands, •1876-78, 1878-80 and 1880-82.

EstimatedREVENUE. 1876-78 18714O 1880-82.

CUf!tom House $ 361,371 $ 582,846'$ 548,400Internal Commerce..................... 85,807 122,946 98,950Internal Taxes.......... 331,163 465,252 414,0\l0Fines, Fees, Perquisites, &c.......... 132,600 190,265 122,850Government Realizations........... 153,572 318,527 257,000Government Stocks........... 87,200 23,900 .Cash in the Treasury April 1, 1880........ 338,880

----- ----- -----$1,151,713 $1,703,736 $1,780,080

.'

Estimated1880-82

)04,00019,60020,30096,587

1876-78 1878-8076,000 $ 65,500 $:14,025 15,07522,080 16,52371,743 79,66754,(;42 67,993 *32,1)36 36,830,133,10037l~220 656,810 1,233,920244,387 260,057 333,279

9.5,861 123,664 166,20071,721 79,605 89,02046757 93,973 .

----------1--·---$1,110,472 $1,495,6971$2,196,006

• Merged into Department of Foreign Affairs.

EXPENDITURES.

Civil List $Permanent Settlements .Le&,islature and PriVY Council. ..Tuuiciary Department ..Department of \Var .Department of Foreign Affairs .Department of Interior ..Department of Finance ..Department of Attorney-GeneraL ..Bureau of Public Instruction ..Miscellaneous. __ .

23

VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS IN UNITED STATES MONEY, ASPROCLAIMED BY THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT JAN.UARY,1880.

COUNTRY. JlloNETARY UNIT.

Ul

I STANDARD COIN.

5,10, 20, 50 and 100 pesetas.10 and 20 crowns.5, 10 and 20 francs.

5, 10,20, 50 and 100 lire.

Poso or dol., 5, 10, 25, 50 centavo.Florin; 10 guild.; gold ($4 01.9).10 and 20 crowns.

Dollar.Condor, donbloon, escndo.10 and W crowns.Dollar.5, 10, 25 and 50 piasters.5, 10 and 20 francs.IIalf-sovereig-ll and sovereign.5, 10, 20. 50 and 100 drachmas.5, 10 and 20 marks.1,2, 5, 10 and 20 yen.

Austria.••••••••••• :IIFlorin : Gold••. $3 85.898 Guilden.Bel¥ium Franc G. & S. 19.3 5, 10 and 20 francs.Bolivia Dollar G. & S. 96.5 Escndo, ~ boliv'r & boliv'r.Brazil Jllilreis ofl,OOOreis Gold... 54.5 None.Br. Poss. in N. Am. Dollar Gold... 1 00Bogota Peso Gold... 96.5Ccntral America.. , Dollar Silver.. 93.5Chili. Peso Gold... 91.2Denmark Crown Gold... 26.8Ecuador Dollar Silver.. 98.5Egypt Pound of 100 piasters Gold... 4 97.4France Franc G. & S. 19.3Great Britain Pound .terling Gold... 4 8t1.6Greece Drachma G. & S. 19.3German Empire Mark Gold... 28.EJapan Yen Gold... 99."India Rupee of 16 annas Silver.. 44.4Italy Lira G. & S. 19.3Liberia Dollar Gold... 1 00Mexico Dollar Silver.. 1 01.5Netherlands Fiorin G. & S. 38.5Norway Crown Gold... 2tl.8Peru Dollar Silver.. 93.5Portugal. lIlilreis 00,000 reis Gold... 1 08 2,5 and 10 milreis.Russia Rouble of 100 copecks Silver.. '74 8 ~4, Y. and 1 rouble.Sandwich Islands.. Dollar G. & S. 1 00Spaiu Peseta of 100 centimes G. &; S. 19.3Sweden Crown Gold... 26.8Switzerland jFranc G. & S. 19.3Tripoli Mahbub of 20 piasters Silver..I 84.4Tunis Piaster of 16 caroubs Silver.. 11.8Turkey Piaster Gold... 04.3 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 piasters.U. S. of Colombia.. Peso Silver.. 93.5

. The above table exhibits the valnes in United States money of account, of thepure gold or silver representing, respectively, the monetary units and standardcoins of foreign countries, in compliance with the Act of Congress of March 3d,1873, which provides" that the value of foreign coin * ;< * * shallbe that of the pure metal of such coin of standard value."

EXTRACTS FROM SESSION LAWS OF 1880.

From an Act to impose specific duties upon Rice, Paddy and RawSugars imported into this Kingdom.

"There shall be levied, collected and paid, a duty of two and a halfcents per pound upon all Rice imported into this Kingdom, and if thesame be in the husk or what is commonly known as paddy, a duty ofone and a half cents per pound; and a duty of two and a half cents perpound upon all raw sugars imported into this Kingdom."

From an Act to fix the compensation of Pilots at the ports of Kahu­lui, Maui, and Hilo, Hawaii.

" The compensation of the Pilots at the ports of Kahului, Maui, andHilo, Hawaii, shall be as follows: One dollar and fifty cents per foot011 the vessel's draft coming into port, and the same for going out ofport. For anchoring any vessel off the said ports of Kakului and Hilo,Ten Dollars; provided that the pilot be not detained on board longerthan twenty-four hours, and for all detention on board beyond thattime Five Dollars per day.

24

TABLE OF FOREIGN COINS ADOPTED AS THE CURRENTRATES IN HONOLULU, H. I.

By resolution of His Majesty the King in Privy Council, and pub.lished by the Finance Department, the values of the following coinshave been fixed and determined at the rates set opposite to them, re­spectively, viz:

GOLD. u. 8. Hll'DOL8'/ GOLD. u. 8. Hl" DOLa.

US Double Eagle, at... .40 Italian 20 Lire, at 8US Eagle,.at 20 Italian 10 Lire, at .4U S Half Eagle, at 10 Russian 5 Roubles, at 8U S Quarter Eagle, at......... 5Eng and Austr Sovereigns, at 10 SILVER.

Eng and Austr Hf Sovs, at 5 French 5 Francs, at 2French 50 Francs, at 20 Mexican Dollar, old die 2French 20 Francs, at 8 Belgian 5 Francs, at 2French 10 Francs, at 4 Italian 5 Lire, at 2

English Shilling, Spanish, Mexican (old die) and Peruvian QuarterDollars at 25 cents each.

Other coins than the above are not current, or legal tender, in theHawaiian Islands.

The following are the values at which the several respective namedcoins pass, viz:Mexican Dollar, new die 70 cts Half Dollar, new die 35 ctsChilian Dollar, un Peso 70 cts Half Dollar 35 ctsPeruvian Dollar, So1.. 70 cts Half Dollar 35 ctsHalf Crown, English 50 cts Florin, English 35 ctsRupee, India 35 cts

This additional list we give for the benefit of strangers here and en­quirers abroad, though it must .be understood by the Privy CouncilTable preceding that they are uncurrent, and persons are not obliged.to take them.

All import duties and interest on Government Bonds shall be paidin U. S. gold coin or its equivalent.

EXTRACT FROM SESSION LAWS OF 1880.

From an Act to provide for the registration of co-partnership firms.",\Vhen two or more persons are engaged in co-partnership, it shall

be incurn Jent on them to file in the Interior Department a statementof the names and residences of each of the members, the nature of thebusiness, the firm name, and the place or places of business of the co­partnership, and shall publish same at least twice in the Hawaiianand English languages."; , .

From an Act relating to Foreign Corporations carrying on businessin this Kingdom.

"Every Corporation or Incorporated Company desirous of carryingon business in this Kingdom and to hold and convey real estate thereinshall file in the Interior Department a certified copy of the charter oract of incorporation, the names of the officers thereof, the name ofsome person upon whom legal notices and process from the Courts maybe served j an annual statement of the assets and liabilities on the firstday of July, and ~ certified copy of the by~laws of such Company."

..

Comparative Table of tho Principal Domestio Exports. Port of Honolulu. Ha~aUan Islands. for the First,Socond. and Third Quarters. 1880. Compared with the Same Periods of 1819.

Total Value,

00

"'.1.."

[ l ~ ~ ~~ '.~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ .l .g g ~~:? ~ J~Sg:~ j 00 ~~~::; .<;t<

.~ ~ [~¥ ~~ ~~'["' [~[~'e: ~ g'tO"d ~ ...

¥ ~ ~ ~ [-------- ---- ----- ----- - ------ -- - --- --- - - - -- -----First Quarter. 1880.. 15.967.857 6,750 ...... 1.232.200 39.592 ...... 1...... 3.857 4.507 4.03116 •••• 22.841 58.728 840.. 68 ...... $ 1.201.41118Fir8t Quarter. 1879.. 10.160,320 ft.462 19.500 810,700 11.020.. 100Zloo.... 3,982 7,990 6,203 ...... 31,270 ....... 1014.. 44 20,491 I 740.132 43

~e-;;;;== 5,807.537 ---;ss.= "42i.500 28.572-:-:-=C=~~I~16=~ 58,728 =-:-:-24:= - 461.27875

-n;;:;;~===~= 19.500 ==~-:-:-1021~125 -S~ 2:t7t -:-:-=~~ 174 -:-:-= 2O,49i -:-:-=~~econd Quart;r,1880 21.72r.9:;2163.2~3"';';1 61~.81~1~.~\101 3~112.84915.~4716 •.21:3 5.12°1644980. 5.1?lj57.8.11 ...... 1~ ...... $ 1.519.5!!,'? 18Second Quart r.1879 16.5Ja.l01 23.4.30 19.31a 87 ••60 .3.a68.. 6·) 300 3.398 7,268 34.029 117050 43 7.034 1.0'J4.36501

-Incr~~=: "5:i92.851\-39.7!J3 =1==\::='1101=li2.519\2.5491=:-: -;.120I6t 4J8O -:-:-= 57.81i = :-: = -:-:-= - 425,227 17

-n;;:;;~: ===- i9,3i5 2.W;n3 i4:ffii8 -:-:- 35 :-::~ -:-:-= 1:05,;, -:-:-= -:-:-=28,8381~ 1170;0 25 7:034 ===Six Months. 1880 37.695.809 ft9.U7:3 ...... 1.879.04.°168.49210 3012.84.91 9.80411°'720 9.151\80 4980F~8.oa2\1l6,5:.m 8401" 86 · ..... 11$ 2.721.00:i 36Six Months. 1879 26.695.431 29.89238,8151,688,31354.588 .• 167 300 7,38015.258 6.203 ...... ,65.299 ....... 218~ 50 87 27.525 1.~4.497 44.

_Incr~=: ""i1,"oOO,37840.081 190.727 13.[l()4 ~ 12,54912.424 2.9481~ 4980"······111r..1l39 "~'l= II--sB6.5<i592Decrease 38.815 .1........ 137 1 4.538 ~7.267 : 134450 1 27.525 .

!t!,irdliuarter. 1880.\ 12.292.380\ 83.971 ...... \2,036.600 17.341\ .. \.... 837 4.911\ 8.65413.612 .. 2100 ...... 264.777 ....1.. \651 ...... 11$ 960.360 OS~!iirdQl1a~t5.~8~. 12.874.12-Z 19.~:.:..:..:.::. 1.389.700 :.:..:..:.::.~ :.:..:::.:..:..:.::. 2,547 9,682:..:..:..:..:... .:.:.:.:.:.: 26.138 237,234 :.:..:::.: ~:.:.:.:..:.: 915.34083

rncrease \ 164.483 1 646.900 17,341\ 837 2,364 •••••• 3,612 •• 2100 27,543 •••• ,.. 311 $ 45.020 25

---n~~-~=~=1===501===11:0281=-:-:-=26,i38;:==-:-:-1==11~=Niue Monthll.I880.J49.988.189153.914 •• : ••• 3;1H5.•640 85,S:3a 10\ 30113'686 14,715119,374112,763\80 7080 2~,032\3~1'316\ M40! .. \ 1511····· '1$ 3.68I,a64 44Nine Mouths. 1879.. ·39.569.553 49,380 38,815 3,078,013 54,588 50 167 300 9,927 24,940 6,203 ...... 75,650 2"J7,23! 2184 50 121 27,525 2.749.83827

'-I;;~;:-::=. lO,41H,636 104.564=837,62731.245:': = 13.3811 4.788\=\ 6,560180 7080 = 141,082 =1-:-:- 30=[$ 731.52~ 17

--n;;;;~= =:=~:= i,815 =-=:-= 401wI.==1 5,566 =1:-:=47.6181=:113ul;o\=127,525, ==::• ' I ! . I ' I '0 • .' -, " '. . •. "

26

SELECTIONS FROM THE REVISED POSTAL ACT OF 1878,RELATING TO RATES AND CLASS.

The following shall be the rates of Hawaiian Postage on all mail- lable matter in classes: .

Class 1. On each letter sealed package, mail matter wholly orpartly in writing, printed matter, so marked or interlined as toconvey other information than that of the original print, all matternot otherwise chargeable with letter postage but concealing anywritten memorandum; and all matter so wrapped or secured as toprevent its examination without breaking or destroying the wrapper,two cents for each one-half ounce or fraction thereof. .

'Vhere any such matter is sent to, or received from any foreigncountry, six cents on each one-half ounce or fraction thereof; andin addition to the said rate of six cents, the sea-postage shall becollected on such foreign mail matter. Letters to be delivered at theoffice where mailed, one cent for each one-half ounce or fractionthereof.

Class 2. On all newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs, calendars, cor­rected proofs, hand-bills, magazines maps, sheet music occasionalpublications (not bound), posters and other publications (not bound),designed primarily for advertising purposes or for free circulation, onecent for each four ounces or fraction thereof; where such matter issent to or received from any foreign country, one cent on each twoounces or fraction thereof. Editors or publishers may exchange postfree. Newspapers published in the Hawaiian Islands and mailedfrom the office of publication to subscribers, free.

Class 3. On all books or other bound volumes-either printed orblank-blank cards, book manuscript/ card boards, engravings, mer­chandise, models, samples, seed, cuttmgs, roots, bulbs, photographs,and all other matter not included in the first or second classes above,one cent for each one ounce or fraction thereof, domestic or foreign.

All matter pertaining to the second or third class above named shallbe so wrapped or secured as to permit of free examination withoutbreaking or destroying the cover or wrapper,otherwise such mattershall be subject to first-class postage. .

The sender of any book, paper, or other matter pertaining to thesecond or third classes, may write upon or within the same the nameand address of the person to whom sent, with a statement that suchpackage was sent by a person named; and also the name and addressof the sender, or any part of such statement.

No package containing liqUids, poisons, glass, explosive chemicals,live animals, sharp instruments, sugar, or any other material liable todeface or destroy the contents of the mail, shall be sent by mail; norshall any letter or postal card upon which is written, impressed orengraved any disloyal, lewd, or obscene or indecent words, or delinea­tions, nor any disloyal, lewd, obscene, or indecent book, paper,pamphlet, or other publication, be transmitted through the mail.When the Postmaster shall have reason to suspect that any mailmatter from a foreign country contains articles subject to customsduties, he may retain the same, and cause it to be opened in the pres­ence of the person to whom directed and the Collector of Customs, orany person authorized by him. Any person or persons violating or

• attempting to violate the above restrictions, shall be liable to a finenot exceeding Five" Hundred Dollars, or imprisonment at hard labornot exceeding one year, on conviction before any Police or DistrictMagistrate. No package sent by mail shall exceed four pounds inweight, except under the first class. Provided, however, that nothing

..,

,

27

in this Section contained shall be construed to conflict with the pro­visions of any Postal Treaty or Convention now existing.

Postal Ta.lIle.

LETr=-1NEWSPAPERS. O'rHER PRINTED

MATTER.

1:1: c: 1:1: c: c: 1:1: oo~ d0'" O' Ol":l·~ ..... "". 0" ....... .; "'m ..... .; 000 "m !';;; ""aQ' "m"". "". ~ g.. .... "". ~~..... .. ... "'- (l>

~c: .. '"..... .....~;"t;l ~·S :'c: ;-- ~~-- :~ ....- 01:1>

COUll'rRIE8 OK PUC1I:8 OJ'D1I:8TINAT'ON. : '" -0 " ~. . - 01'" ~~:"" :"" : "m ""- • <t ... ,.oi' -0 a .... """,:; '" "' ... 0 ~.,. ,,'"... ...,.

'g~~·o .......

" 0 ... ~·o

:~ :~,,;'" :' ....... 0 ...

'C'" '" '" "0 =",: 0

0 ",- .....0 ..... .. .. ;g."0

:~ " " :~: ~ !' ~::s '" : '"-- -- ---- ---- ---,.,CtS. CtS. CtS. OZS. CtS. Cis. o.S. Cta.

lnter-i.land ...•..•••..•••••...•. ..••.(a) e 2 ...... 1 ...... 1 '''r'United State........................ . (b) e 6 ...... 1 2 1 1 4Australia. New Zealand. Fiji. Samoa.

via New Zealand-direct mall .... (e/ e 12 ...... 2 ....... ...... 4 ...... ......All countries in the Universal Posta

Union, via United State.. (See list4on next page) ....................... e 6 0 5 1 2 1 2 1

Africa, west coast of, except Liberia~and British, French, Spanish, andPortuguese colonies; Ascension,Cape of Good Hope, }[orocco" ex-cept s~nlSh ~o.s"ssions on west

4coast; atal- rltish mall .......... e 6 e 15 1 4 1 2 3Bolivia, Chili-British mail. via Colon .. e. 6 e 17 1 4 4 1 4 10British Cohunbia., Canada, New Bruns-

wick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward'.2Island............................... e 6 e 3 1 1 1 ...... ......

Cbina, Japan, Tahiti, Samoa and isl-ands of tbe Pacific other thanFiji-by vessel direct•.•...•.•.....• e 6 ...... 1 ....... ...... 1 ...... ......

Colombia, United States, of, Costa Rica(western ports of), Greytown, Hayti,Nicaragua (western ports). Panama,Navassa, We.t IndIes. except Ba-bamas and those embraced In thePo.tal Union........................ e 6 c 5 1 ea.pa 2 1 2 2

(losta Rica (eastern portions of). Grey-town, Nicaragua~eaf!,tern porta of),Santa Martha- ritish mall, via

4 1 10Colon................................ e 6 e 13 1 4 4Guatemala-by direct United States

mail ............. ~ ..•••••••••.••••••••Madagascar. other than St. Mary'.- e 6 e 10 1 ca.pa 2 1 1 1

British mail.........................Madagascar, other than St. Mary's- e 6 e23 1 4 6 1 2 5

French mall.........................2Para~uay. via U. S. Brazil and Buenos e 6 e 21 1 4 1 2 4

Ayres ...............................4 1Patagonia-via Briti.h maiI. ........... c 6 etl 1 6 2 3

Siam-via direct mail via San Fran- c 6 e 27 1 4 4 1 2 3.. cisco ................................Siam-via British mail via Brindl.i .... e 6 e 10 1 ca.pa 2 1 4 8St. Bartholomew, St. Domingo, via. St. c 6 e 13 1 4 5 1 2 4

Thoma..............................St. Lucie (W. I.)-French mail .. .....(d) e 6 e 13 1 4 6 1 2

~Turk'. Island, West Indie., except c tl 021 1 4 2 1 2those embraced in the Postal Un·ion. via St. Thoma.................. c 6 013 1 ea.pa 4 1 4 6

EXPLANATIoN.-Lel.ters e and 0 denote compulsory and optional payment•.NO'n a. Island rate for registerinf( letter. i. 15 cents. Island rate on papers Is 1 cent

on eac h 4 ounce. or part. (See selections Po.tal Act, precedlnl[ thl. table).NOTE b. Ilawl\olian rate fllt re~i.trl\tion i. 15 cent. i Uqited S\!\te. rate, to celltS. Tp.lI

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.AUSTBIA-HuNGARY, including the Prine!·

palityof Lichtenstein.BAHAMAS.BELGIUMeBEiulUDAS.BRAZIL.BRITISH COLONIES on West Coast of Africa

(Gold Coast, Lagos, Senegambia, andSierra Leone). "

BRrrISH COLONIES IN 'VEST INDIES, viz.:Antigua, Dominic3, ,Montserrat, Nevis,St. Chr18topher, and the Virgin Isles.

BRITISH GUIANA.BRITISH HONDURAS.

..BI'IITISH INDIA: Hindostan and British Bur·mah (Aracan, Pegu, and Tenasserim),and the Indian Postal Establishmentsof Aden, Muscat, Persian Gulf, Guadur;

.and :Mandalay.BULGARIA, Principality of.CANADA.CEYLON. __:DANISH COLONIES of' St. Thomas, St. Croix,

and St. John. 'DENMARK, including Iceland and the Faroe

Islands.ECUADOR.EGYPT, including Nubia and Soodan.FALKLAND ISLANDS.FRANCE, including Algeria, the Principality

of Monaco, and l<'reneh postollice estab­, ments at' Tunis, Tangier (Morocco),

and at Shanghai (China); Cambodia,and Tonqnin.

FRENCH COLONIES-, 1. In Asia: Frcnch establishments in

India (Chandernagore, Karikal, Mahe,Pondicherry, and Yauaon), and InCochin China, (Saigon, Mytho, Bien­Hoa, Poulo-Condor, Vingh-Long, Ha-tien, Tschandok); ,

~. In4{rica: Seuegal and dependencies(Goree, St. Louis, Bakel, Dagana),}fayotte and Nossi-be, Gaboon (includ­ing Grand Bassam and Assinie), Re­nUlon (Bourbon), Ste. Marie de Mada-

.3.g'I~~merlca: French,' Guiana, Guada­IOllp'e and dependencies (Desirade orDeseada, Les Saintes, Marie Galante,and the north portion of St. Martin),Martinique, St. Pierre, and }fiqnelon.

of. In Oceanica: New Caledonia, Tahiti,, Marque,as Islands, Isle of Pines, J,oy­

alty Islands, the Archipelago of UIlIn-,

28

Hawaiian Government have no postal treaty covering registered matter (except with NewSontu Wales); but by courtesy of tbe Postmaster at the San Francisco ollice, all registeredmatter scnt bim is re-registered to its destination; but no registration is obtained on mat­ter coming from the UUlted States. (See extract from United States Postal law.) "Let­ters, newspapers. aud printed matter of every kind are exchangeable. Ou newspapersreceived 'in the United States from Hawaii the established rates of the United Statesdomestic postage are chargeable. Articles of printed matter, except newspapers, areliable, on delivery in the United States, to postae:e at the rate of 4 cents for each 4 ouncesor fraction thereof. Tile domestic postage rates ·of the Hawaiian Kingdom are chargeableupon all correspondence, exce~t letters. received there from tbe United States. Toregular subscribers in the Hawaiian Kingdom newspapers published in the United States,and other periodical publications wbich arc second-class matter in domestic mails, maybe sent at domestic rates. Registration i. not permissible, and samples cannot be seut."

NOTE c. Registration fee, 15 cents; rate on papers, 2 cents each; and on third-classmatter, 4 cents per 4 ounces or part.

NOTE d; Letters only to de.tin~t1on. '

Countries and Colonies of the Universal Postal Union other than theUnited States.

bier, Touboual, and Tuamotou (LowIslands).

GERMANY, including the, Island of Heli­goland.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. IncludingGibraltar, Malta, the dependencies ofMalta «Jozzo, Comino, and Cominotto),and the Island of Cyprus.

GREECE, including the Ionian Isle~.GREENLAND.HONDURAS, Republic of, including 'Bay

Island•.HONG KONG and the postollices maintained

by Hong Kong at Kiung-Chow, Canton,Swatow, Amoy, Foo-chow, Ning-poShal~hai, and Hankow (China), andHai-IUll17 and Hanoi (Tonquin).

ITALY, incruding the Republic of San}farlno, and the Italian offices of Tunisand TripoJiiu Barbary. .

JAMAICA.JAPAN and Japanese postollices at Shang'

hai, Chee-foo, (;hin-kiang, Hankow,Ning-po, Foo-chow, New-cnwnng, Kiu·kiang, and Tien-tsln (China), and atFusam-po (Corea).

LABUAN.LIBERIA.LUXEMBURG.MAURITIUS and dependencies (the AmIrante

Islands, the Seychelles and Rodrigues).}fRxICO.MONTENEGRO.NETHERLANDS.NETHERLAND COLONIES-

1. In Ada: Borneo, Sumatra, Java (Ba'tavia), Billiton, Celebes (}lacassar),Madura, the Archipelagoes of Bancaand Rhia (Riouw), Bali, Lombok, Sum­'nawa, Flore., the S. W. portion ofTimor, and the }loluecas.

2. In Oceanica: The N. W. portion ofNew Guinea (Papua).

3. In America: Netherland Guiana (Su­rinam), Curacoa, Aruba, Bonaire, part ofSt. Martin, St. Eustatius, and Saba.

NEWFOUNDLAND.NORWAY•PERSIA.PERU.PORTUGAL, including the ieland of Madeira

and the Azores.PORTUGUESE COL')NIES-

1. In Asia: Goa, Damno, Diu, Macao,and part of Timor.

~. In.ynca: Cape, Verde, Cacheo, Bie-

, 29

~ao, Islands of St. Thome and Prince's,Ajuda, :Mozambique, and the provinceof Angola.

REPUBLIC OF DOMINICA..ROUMANIA (Moldavia and WalJachla).RUSSIA, including the Grand Ducby of Fin-

, land.SALVADOR..SERVIA.SPAIN, including the .Balearic Isles, the

Canary hlauas, the Spanish poss~s.ionsou the north coast of Africa (Ceute,Penon de la Gomera, Alhucema., :Me­lilla, lind the Chatfarrne Islllnds), theRepublic of Andorra, lind the postalestablishments of Spain on the westcoast of Morocco (Tangier, Tetuan,Larrache, Rabat, Mazagan, Casablanca,Salli, and Mogadore).

SPANISH COLONIES-1; . In Africa: blands' of Fernando Po,

Annobon, and Cori~co.

2. In America: Cuba and Porto Rico.3. In Oceanica: The Archipelagoes of

the Mariana (Ladrone), and' the Caro'line Islands. .

4. In Asia: The Philippine Archipelago(Luzon· with 1>Ianilla, 1>lindanao, Pala­wan, Pansy, Amar, etc).

STRAITS SETTLEMENi'S (Singapore, Penang,and Malacca).

SWEDEN.SWIT7.ERLAND.TRINIDAD, 'V. I.TURKEY (European and Asiatic).URUGUAY.,VENEZUELA.

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE SCHOOL POPWLATION.(From Board of Education Report to Legislature, 1880.)

CENSUS, DEC. 27. 1878. IN SCHOOLS JAN. 1, 1878. IN SCHOOLS JAN. I, 1880

ISLAND. BOYS. GIRLS. TOTAL. BOYS. GIRLS. TOTAI~. BOYS. GIRLS. TOTAL.------- --------- ------ ---

Hawaii ...... 1,385 1,167 2,555 ],217 927 2,144 1,231 990 2,221Maui ......... 1,073 835 1,908 896 618 1,514 925 659 1,581l\Iolokai... .. 225 .161 386 127 148 245 152 107 259Lanai......... 15 8 23 5 4 9 2 4 6Oahu.......... 1,606 1,387 2,993 ],382 ],120 2,502 1,374 1,]57 2,531KauaL....... 447 325 770 343 199 542 34i 188 532Niihau ...... 12 14 26 21 14 35 20 11 31

-------- --------- --------Totals...... 4,761 3,897 8,658 3,991 3,000 6,991 4,048 3,116 7,]64

NOTES ON SCHOOL S'rATISTICs.-The number of schools of allclasses in the Kingdom on the 1st of January, 1880, was 210, with anattendance of 7,164 pupils. The number of pupils reported in 18i8 was6,991; showing an increase of 1i3 during the past two years •. 'fhe tables show an excess of 932 boys over girls, or 5i per·cent. ofboys and 43 per cent. of girls in the whole school population. Therehas been a little decrease in the excess of boys since 18i8.

In nationality the perc.entage of pupils is nearly as follows: Ha­waiians

i79 per cent.; half-caste HawaiIans, 13 per cent.; all other

nationa ities, 8 per cent. .The enumeration' of children of legal school age, by the Census

taken in December, 18i8, indicates 1,494 children, or nearly 18 percent. of the census school popUlation, not represented in any of theschools of the Kingdom•. After making liberal deductions for theforeign children whose parents prefer to educate them at home, andthe children living in sparsely-settled districts where there are noschools, and those who from bodily infirmity are unable to attendschool, there still remains about 10 per cent. of the census schoolpopulation who are absentees from school. A large portion of thisdeficiency in the school-going population is doubtless among the chil­dren of the Chinese included in the census, and Hawaiian childrenbetween the ages of twelve and fifteen years; these being the classesoften drawn off to the industrial pursuits of the Kingdom.

30

REGULATIONS FOR CARRIAGES, AND RATES OF FARE.

1. Every licensed carriage, dray or vehicle must be numbered, andthis number must be placed on a conspicuous part of the carriage, drayor vehicle.

2. Every licensed carriage running at night must exhibit two lightsand the number of such carriage plainly shown on the glass of eachlantern.

3. Drivers of licensed carriages must obey the orders of the police.4. No licensed carriage will be allowed to stand on the makai side

of Queen street near the Fish Market, and no two or more carriageswill be allowed to stand abreast on any street.

5. On all stands set apart for licensed carriages the horses must beheaded to the eastward.

6. No licensed horse and carriage must be left without a properattendant, or properly secured.

7. No licensed carriage will be allowed to be left on the streetover night.

S.-STANDS SET APART FOR LICENSED CARRIAGES.

Makai side of Queen street, from east corner of Fort street.Makai side of Queen street, from east corner of Nuuanu street.Mauka side of Merchant street,from east corner of Bethel street.Makai side of King street, from west corner of Bethel street;Makai side of Hotel street, from east corner of Fort street.Makai side of Beretania street, from east corner of Nuuanu street.Mauka side of Hotel street, from east corner of Nuuanu street.Ml}kai side of King street, from east corner of Richards street.Makai side of Hotel street, opposite to entrance of Hawaiian Hotel.9. No more than twelve carriages will be allowed on anyone stand

at anyone time.RATES OF FARE.

10. To or from any point between Beretania street and the harbor,and between Punchbowl street and the river] for each person 12i cents.

11. To or from any point between second oridge, Nuuanu Road, andthe harbor, and between the" 'Vhat Cheer House," on thc Ewa Road,and the corner of King street and .the 'Vaikiki Road-not conflictingwith rule 1Q--for each person 25 cents.

12. Outside these limits, not exceeding two miles from the startingpoint, for each person 50 cents.

13. From any steamer or packet, to any point within the secondnamed limits, for each person 25 cents.

14. Children three years old or under, no charge i over three yearsold and not more than ten years old, two for one fare.

15. When hired by the hour :-'-

For one passenger for one hour $l 00For two passengers for one hour , :.. 1 50For three passengers for one hour ; 2 00For each additional hour, for each passenger..... 50

16. Time to be counted from the time of starting to time dIsmissed.17. No extra charge shall be made to any passenger for the ordinary

hand baggage. .IS. For any other than ordinary hand baggage-each trunk or box,

25 cents.19. Tickets issued by any licensee of any carriage to represent coin,

will be held as good to the amount they represent in any other licensed

31carriage, and rriust'be redeemed when presented to the person issuingthem. (See note.)

20. No driver is compelled to take a single fare for the Pali or thePark, except by special bargain. When two or m9re offer, the regularfare must be accepted. .

21. Every driver of a licensed carriage shall, upon demand of anyperson desiring to hire his carriage, exhibit a card of rates oUare. .

If any driver of a licensed vehicle shall contravene any of the fore­going regulations, the license of such vehicle .may be revoked by theMinister of the Interior. .: '. NEW REGULATION.-Sept. 23d, 1879.-No horse attached to any li­censed wagon, cart or dray for the transportation of freight, shall,within the circuit of one mile from the Honolulu Post Office, be drivenfaster than a walk. .

NOTE.-For pUbli~ convenien~e the Interior D~partment issues tickets (whichare redeemable at any time) at the rates of 12~ and 25 cents, which are cnrrentwith all drivers. Refusal to receive any such fare tendered, renders the driverliable uf.C>n complaint to lose his license. All.complaints shonld be. made at thePolicl' Station, giving the number of the vehicle. ' '."

LATITUDES AND LONGITuDES, AS' ADOPTED BY THE HA­W AllAN GOVERNMENT SURVEY.

(CORRECTED FDR THIS ISSUE BY PROI!'. ·W. D. ALEXANDER.)

LATITUDES. LONGITVDES.

, ' , , Deg. Min.~ Deg. Min.Honolulu, Transit of Venus Observatory,

as determined by Capt: Tupma!l. 21 17 57 157 51Honolulu Light House :: 21 17 54.99 157 52Diamond Head Summit 21 15 ~0.59 157 48Tantalus, or Puu Ohia 21 l!l 43.20 157 49Makapuu Station (E. point of Oahu) 21 18 15.75 157 39Mokapu Station, Kaneohe 21 27 01.07 157. 44KaJluku Point (N. E. point of Oahu) 21 42 19.207 157 58Barber's Point, Laeloa ; 21 17 32.23 158 6l>u?-loa (wind~ilI) ~ 21 ]9 11.7! ]57 58Lale POInt 21 38 ,40.65 ]57 55Kaena Point (N. W. point of Oahu) ;.. 21 34 ]3.]0 158 16Haleakala, Station on Summit.. 20 42 35.4· 156 ]5Lahaina Court House 20 52 3.40 ]56 40Kauiki Point ~E. ~oint of Maui) 20 45 1.7 15559Puu O1ai, or 'MIller's HilI" (south of

Makena);.;' 20 37 56.8 ]56 27Halawa (E. end of Molokai) 21 9 0.8' 156 43Kahoolawe Summit 20 33 39 156 35Kawaihae Light House, approx :. 20 ': 02 ]2;5 ]55 50Mauna Kea, Station on Summit (approx) ]9 49]6 155 28Halai Station, back of Hilo ; 19 42 44.7 155 5

Sec.

48]2.9952.1703.22220.16404.6859.7932.3625.6416.5755.6608.150.53.4

4.444.13215

1655

THE ALllrIANAC Aim ANNUAL

Is made up to Noyember, to I:>e i&sued in time for the December mails.All articles, advertisements, or orders for eoming editions should besent to the publisher by October.

.ALGJE OF 'l'HEHAW AIIA.N ISLANDS.

BY 1. lIi. CHAlllBlIillLAnr.

Seaweed, or as the Hawaiians call it, Limu,. abounds here. It ismostly of medium size. No varieties are gigantic. Some are woody.A great number need to be pressed' immedIately to preserve them,while many so prepared cannot be Identified, as they must be exam-Ined with a microscope while freshly gathered. .

'Vaialua, Kailua, Waikiki, on Oahu; Kalaupapa, Kaluaaha, onMolokai; Kahului on Maui; Kahalepalaoa on Lanai; Hilo and Ka­waihae on Hawaii; Hanalei and Waimea on Kauai, and the Island ofNiihau, have beaches favorable for stranded limu. Yet stranded sea­weed varies with every tide, and satisfactory work can only be doneby watching for smooth low water, to go out on the reefs and wade onthe rocks.

From Andrew's Hawaiian DIctionary, and other sources, the follow­Ing native names of Algre are gathered, forming a part of the whole.The names vary on different Islands. The kinds of Algre are notequally or similarly distributed. Very few of the young natives are.acquainted with more than a small stretch of sea coast. Indeed, onlythe older women have any comprehensive knowledge of limu. Themen regard its collection and preparation for food as rather beneaththeir dIgnIty.. .

Limu alaalanla,anpnpu,akiaki,akinla,alani,ehau, .ekahakaha,iliohaa,oohiea,ohiohio,oknpe,opal,oapi\ka,uaualoli,ulaula,hinanla,holomoku,hnahnakai,hnlnilio,huna,hunehunehuoe,

Limu kahakala,kala,kalalanliilii,kalalaunninui,knmnlimukala,kele,kiki,koeleele,koiale,koko,koloa,lipahapals,lipaka1,lipalao,lipalawai,lipehn,lipoa,knmnlipoa,lipnpn,lipewale,lipnnla,

Limn lipnnpnn,limnloloa,Inpe,mananwea,makaloa,maneoueo,nanoo,nanne,paakaiea,paakai, [hale,pahapaha 0 pollpahapaha,pakeleawaa,palahalaha,palawai,pepeiao,pe~nln,

pe nt '1'pnpllJl:ane1 10,pipilani,wawahiwaa.

The collection of Hawaiian Algre was undertaken at the desire (asreported) of' Dr~ Asa Gray, the distinguished American botanist,because the field was said to be new and then unexplored. The col­lector had no knowledge of the science, and is under obligations toProf. W. G. Farlow, of Harvard University, and Prof. Daniel C.Eaton, of Yale College, for the identification of the following cata-lo~ue. . . .

Many specimens' are not yet identified, and the list of HawaiianAlgre may reach two hundred or more varieties when accurately and

••

33

absolutely complete. 'We only report progress and leave to some suc­cessor to report again and in full.

.'>-

.:'"'

Actinotricbia rigida,Ahufeltia polyides (Areschon.g),

concivina,Amansia glomerata,Ascothamnion intricatum,Asparogopsis Sanfordiana,Asperococcus sinuosus,

ramorissimua (Ag.),Bryopsis plumosa,Caulerpa clavifcra,Caulerpo taxifolia,

aaplcniadcb,chemnitzii,

Ceramium (manyvar.undetermined),Centrocerus clavulatum,Chcetomorpha elevata,Chondria Baileyana (Haw.),

tenuissima,Chryrimenia uvaria,Chuoosphora fastigata (Ag.),Chondrus affinia (Halc.),Cladhymenia,Cladophora fusca (Martens),

composita (II.),Chylocladia rigens,Champia parvula,Codium tomentosum,Dasya mollis (Hm'vey),

Pacifica (Ha,·v.).villosa,

Delessira quercifolia,Derberia marina,Desmia ambigua,Dictyosphreria favulosa (Decalone),Dictyota Bartaryesiana,

denticulata,cronulata,Sandvicensis,dichotoma,obtusangula (Hal'v.),

Ectocarpus siliculosus,Entromorpha compressa,Galaxaura marginata (Lam.),Gelidium intricatum,

cartilaginum,corneum,sesquipedale,amaresii,rigidum,felicinum (Bory.),radicans,

Gigartina f1abellata (Ag.),Griffithoia,Grucilaria confervoides (Ag.)(

coronopifolia (Ag.),enchenmoides (Ha,.,).)

5

Gratelonpia filicina,dichotoma,

Bypnea nidifica (Ag.),pannosa (Aq.),divaricata (Ag.),corinta,

Hydroclat?-rus cancellatus (!Jory.),Hallymenia formosa (Harv.),Hallyseris plagiogramma (Mont.),

Australis,Halimeda tuna,Jania cuvieri,Kallymenia,Laurenti<l paniculata,

perforata,obtusa,virgata,nidifica, .

Liagora Cheyneana (Hm'c.),leprosa (Ag.),fragilis (Zrllladini),

Lyngbya semiplena,Martensia denticulat'l,

flabelliformis (Harc.),Neomeris dumetosa,Nitophylum,Notheia anomala,Nostoc commune, •Polyriphonia (Ag.),

mollis (H.-and H.),Phyllitis Fascia,Polyzonia jungermannioides,Plocamium Chamberlainii,

. abnornre,Potamogeton,Padina pavonia,Rhodymenia,Sargassum polyphyllum,

echinocarpum,c:r.mosum,

SCinaia momliformis (Farlow),. Suhria pristeides,Spiridia spinella,

filamentosa,Scytosephon conentarius.Taonia Bolierii,TOE-moma perpusillum,DIva latissima,Valonia mgagrophila,

confervoides ([{m'v.),macrophysa (Kiitznlg),Forbesii (Hat·v.),

Vanvoorstia coccinea ~Harv.),

Vidalia obturiloba,Wran~eliapcncillata (Ag.),Zonona.

34

REMINISCENCES OF THEATRICALS IN HONOLULU.

BY H. L. S.

U BOLDLY I dare eay,There has been more b:r us in some oue playLaugh'd into wit and virtue, than hath beenBy twenty tedious lectures drawn from sinAnd foppish humors: heuce the cause doth rise.Men are not won by the ears so well as eyes."

. -Randolph's .Muse's Looking Glass.

Previous to the year 1847 there had never been a regular theater inHonolulu. The nearest approach to a public show was an occasionalwandering sleight-of-hand performer. I remember one who gaveseveral exhibitions in the Summer of 1846, in an "adobie" buildingthat stood on the corner of Bethel and King streets. His show wassupplemented by the doings of a "strong man"-a sailor from anAmerican whaleship in port, who performed the wonderful feat ofallowing a large "adobie" to be broken on his breast with a sledge­hammer. But in the summer of 1847 a Yankee schoolmaster wholutd wandered into the Pacific in a whaler,and who had in his posses­sion some volumes of the British Drama, persuaded some of theyoung mechanics and others to form themselves into a company forthe purpose of presenting farces and light plays. At first the Objectwas merely our own amusement and perhaps improvement. SOCIetyin this city thirty or more years ago was very thin and very exclusive.Mr. --, the schoolmaster of whom I have spoken (we nicknamedhim "Mnemonics," from his pretending to teach the art of memory),undertook to teach us elocution and stage action, but the pupils soonoutstripped the teacher. Mr. Charles ..w. Vincent, the house-builder,.in whose employ were several of the company of nascent actors, afterseeing some of the performances in private, took a strong and activeinterest in the enterprise. He leased a good-sized "adobie" buildingthat stood on the southwest corner of Maunakea and King streets, andfitted it up at a considerab~e expense with stage, boxes and pit, andnamed it "The Thespian." This was opened on Saturday evening,September 11th, 1847. E. D. Byrne, a printer in the Polynesian office,wrote a Prize Address for the occasion, which was delivered by Mr.Vincent. The plnys presented were the melo-drama of "The AdoptedChild," and the farce of "Fortune's Frolic." The prices of admissionwere $1 for the boxes and fifty cents in the pit. The two front boxrows were reserved for the ladies.

Of those who performed the various parts in this initiation of thedrama in Hawaii nei, some are long since dead, some are in for~eign lands, and but two or three remain here. I will enumerate firs£'those who have gone to join" the great majority on the other side":C...w. Vincent (Tokely), F. W. Thompson (Maddocks), Henry Sea(La Mer), Mr. Chapman (Blomanozoff), H. Macfarlane (Wallack),.John Mitchell (]',Hss Logan). M. R. Harvey (Reddington), J. S.Townsend, and H. L. Sheldon (Quick) are the only members of theoriginal company now alive, so far as I am aware.

The Polynesian of September 18th (James Jackson Jarvis, editor)thus notices the opening night: . .

"'fhe Thespian commenced its first season in Honolulu on Saturdayevening the 11th, according to the 'announcement of the bills. Asthis is the first attempt at the establishment of a regular theater atHonolulU, our readers may like' to know something about it. Thehouse, which has been fitted up by the enterprise of a few foreign resi­dents, is on Maunakea street, and can seat seventy-five in the boxes

35

and two hundred in the pit. The box gallery is neatly fitted up with!cushioned seats in slips, and has a separate entrance. The seats in thepit are plain but comfortable. A private boxz curtained in, on theright just over the stage, is for the use of the Kmg when he pleases to­attend.• '1'he scenery is painted by a very good artist in his hne. Thedrop-scene, representing the Palace (by Wydler), elicited encomiums<from all. The whole fitting up is in good taste, and consideringthe limited amount of money which prudence dictated to be expendedon, for Honolnlu, so novel an undertaking, the general appearanceof the theater with the accommodations for spectators must be pro­nounced as creditable to the taste and enterprise of the originators.The house was crowded to· overflowing before the hour for opening.The King [Kamehameha HL], accompanied by the Premier [JohnYoung, uncle of the j!resent Queen Dowager Emma] and the Ministerfor Foreign Affa.irs LR. C. Wyllie], arrived soon after 7~ o'clock, andwas received with protracted cheering, the orchestra [" Black George"Hyatt with his clarionet and Indian Oliver with his tromboneJ play­ing "God save the King." * lit -:I' It proved rather a dIfficultmatter to turn rough manhood into the delicate and rounded contourof sweet female sixteen, especially with no assistance from the rightsource at the wardrobe; but the male actors in petticoats, if they left110 room for the sex they imitated to envy their grace and loveliness,certainly got through their parts to the great amusement and satisfac­tion of the audience, who were all, we believ!', much gratified withthe good order and excellent humor preserved throughout. We mustconfess that we have never seen so many individuals collected togetherbefore in Honolulu who all appeared in so excellent humor withthemselves and all around them. The two front box seats werereserved for the ladies."

The following Saturday evening the Thespian was again crowded,the play being "The Poor Soldier." Mr. Theodore Shillaber, then awealthy merchant of Honolulu in the China trade, but now of Cali­fornia, volunteered to act as prompter on that occasion, and quiteforgetful of the diminutive size of the building and the proximity ofthe stage to the audience, he roared out the entrances of the differentcharacters and their cues so as to be heard all over the house, much tothe amusement of the pit and boxes and the disgust of the players.

\Vith occasional interruptions of a month or so, performances weregiven weekly at the Thespian during the Fall and Winter, the com­pany continning to give great satisfaction, according to the Poly­nesian. A temperance society was organized among the company,and drew to it large numbers of the foreign residents. It had thesomewhat high-sounding title of the "Mechanics' \VashingtonianTotal Abstinence Society," and held its weekly meetings in the pit ofthe Thespian, the officers and speakers occupying the stage. JudgeW. L. Lee gave an address on one occasion, as did the Rev. Dr.Damon and others. .

'1'he interest in theatricals had become so strong in the community,that on November 6th an advertisement appeared in the Polynesian,by a "Committee of Arrangements," asking for proposals for a planfor a theater to be erected large enough to accommodate five hundredspectators. From January, 1848, the Thespian was no more heard of._Sic tra'fl.~it. .

On the 18th of March, 1848, it was announced that the stock of the­new theater was all taken up. The officers of the Association were::Theodore Shillaber; President; \Villiam Paty, Treasurer; C. G. Hop..kins, Secretary; E. A. Sauerkrop, F. 'V. Thompson, H. Sea and C.\y. Vincent, Managers. The ground on which stands the Ro~'al

36

Hawaiian Theater was purchased by the stockholders, and the buildingwas at once commenced. On th~ 17th of June, 1848, the theater wasopened to a full house. Mr. VincentI as manager, delivered the open­ing address, written for the occasion oy the late John G. l\I[unn. But1848 was the year of the discovery of gold in California, and t4e feverraged high in Honolulu in the Fall of that year. In an issue of thePolynesian in September there were no less than forty-five notices ofintention of departure from the Kingdom, and on the 29th of Januarythere were thirty. Under the statute laws of 1846-8, nobody couldleave the Kingdom without giving such public notice or procuring apassport from the Foreign Office. 'fhe foreign population of Honolulubecame so spar~e under the effects of the gold fever that the first sea­son of the new theater was but a short one. It was re-opened onOctober 14th, and again closed after a short season, when the whalersleft. In the FaIl season in those years the harbor had frequently ashigh as one hundred and fifty vessels in port at one tiine. On January17th, 1849, the theater was re-opened to an overflowing house, withthe Highland Fling, by WaIlack (H. Macfarlane), and the play"She Stoops to Conquer," in which La Mer (H. Sea) and Mrs. ,Bland(C. G. Hopkins) were much applauded. This season was but a shortone.

It was early in 1849 that a negro minstrel company, en route fromBoston to California in a sailing vessel, performed for a. couple ofweeks in a wooden building on King stl"eet, near Richard, afterwardsoccupied by the late Zenas Bent as a carpenter's shop. 'The tenor ofthe company was named Cushing, hailed from Newburyport, andclaimed to be related to the celebrated politician and lawyer, CalebCushing.

September 22d, 1849, the Royal Hawaiian was re-opened by Sea.& Hopkins, lessees; J. S. Townsend, manager; the latter delivering anopening address written by J. G. Munn. There were songs, a horn­pipe, and the play of "High Life Below Rtairs," in which some ofthe old 'Thespians took part, including La Mer and Mrs. Bland.

During the Summer of 1853 a new theater, called the" Varieties," a.big sheIl of a wooden structure, was built on King street, on the sitenow occupied by mechanics' shops. Mr. Foley, formerly in the circusbusiness, was the nominal, if not the actual, proprietor. It openedSeptember 12th, 1853, and had a very good run. In December of thatyear Mr. J. H. Brown, while playing in this theater, met with anaccident, having by a slip of a dagger, inflicted quite a severe woundupon himself. The then weIl-known tragedian, 'Valler, and his wifeplayed an engagement at the "Varieties," of three months, andattracted fuIl houses, during the Spring and Summer of 1854. On thenight of the 6th of July, 1855, the history of this house was broughtto a close by its being burned to the ground. It was never knownhow the fire originated.

The next in the history of theaters was Buffum's HaIl, originallybuilt for the Good Templars by Dr. Buffum (Who has since died insanein California). After the Good Templars left the haIl, in 1870. it wasused first as a place of entertainment by the late 'Valter Montgomery,folIowed by the parlor concerts of the Carandinis; and afterwardsfitted up and opened as a theater by Leroy and Madame Duret. Itnever was a success as a place of popular resort.

In the way of circuses, we have also had a full share. .The first onrecord was Howe's" Olympic," which arrived in December, 18.50, withnine well-trained hor.8es and opened in the then vacant lot oppositethe Commercial Hotel. The same year a circus company was organ­ized in Honolulu, by :Messrs. Groom & 'Vescott, with the late 'V. P.

37

Ragsdale and one Billings as riders. They erected their tent on Nuu·anu Avenue on the Risely premises, corner of Nuuanu Street andKukui Place, and were having crowded houses when Rowe came alongwith his" Olympic," and the domestic speculation came to an end.

Foley, who afterwards ran the "Varieties" rfhealer, came witha circus company in 1&52.

In the Fall of 1855, Long (the clown), in company with Raphael,,were running a circus on the lot on King street in the rear of a saloonknown as "'fhe Fore-top;" and at the same time Lee & Marshall'slarge and well-appointed com.l?any (Ned Austin as clown and Mrs.Austin as tight-rope performer), together with a full band of music,were doing a large business opposite the Commercial Hotel, at thecorner of Nuuanu and Beretania streets.

In November, 1856, Rowe & Co., located at the same place, andafterwards removed to the lot now occupied by the English Church,near Emma. Square. . .

In the Fall of 1859, 'Vilson's show and menagerie exhibited on theEsplanade, with Omar Kingsley, the great rider. In December, sameyear, Lee's National Circus. •

December, 1860, Dan Rice's show and circus-among the former anelephant, and among the latter Mr. and Mrs. Long, George Peoplesand the giant; Mr. Goshen Wilson,. manager.

In 1869 Lee was here again with a circus; and in 1871, 'Vilson, withOmar Kingsley, again-and left for San Diego in a chartered brig.Since then ,,'e have had Charles Derby's Royal Hawaiian Circus in1877; and Luproil's Hawaiian Circus in 1879.

Am:ong professional celebrities that have visited Honolulu, we maymention: Stephen C. Massett, 1850, and again in 1878; Kate Hayes,in 1855, gave three concerts in the Court House, tickets $3 each; LolaMontez 1856 but did not perform; Edwin Booth played a short seasonin the Royai Hawaiian in 1852; Professor Anderson, 1869; MadameAnna Bishop, concerts in Kaumakapili, 1857 and 1868; Charles Backus,Joe Murphy; Charles Matthews, 1874; Madame Ristori, but did not

_perform; Signor and Madame Bianci, in opera; Madame Agatha States,in opera; the Carandinis; Walter Montgomery; Professor Hazelmeyerand Madame Cora, in magic; and Ilma di J\Iurska-the last gave aconcert in Kawaiahao Church to a crowded audience; Herr Bandman;and last, but not least, our Island nightingale, Miss Annis Montague,with Charles Turner, in concerts at Kawaiahao, 1880.

Besides these, we have had lots of the smaller sort of performers­minstrel companies in profusion; bell-ringers; glass-blowers; the liv­ing skeleton; ventriloquists; wizards and sleight-of-hand men; musi­cians; Japanese jugglers' panoramas; lecturers; readers, and almost!'every other species of exhibition. 80 that professional showmen andmembers of the ,. sock and busldn" fraterlllty who propose coming toHonolulu, will understand that our people, having seen some of thebest, will not abide anything that is not, to say the least, very good.

The establishment and maintenance of a line of mail steamersbetween California and the British Colonies of Australia, and thetrans-continental railway, have. so facilitated travel between "theends of the earth," that Honolulu, as a port of call on both theoutward and homeward voyages, with -its manifold attractions ofclimate and scenery, is more than ever liable to the visits of theatricalstars, as well as a good many of the lesser luminaries. For severalyears past the desirability of having a new, commodious and well­ventilated public hall for theatricals, concerts, lectures, and publicmeetings, had been frequently discussed in the press and in privatecircles, more particularly in view of the increasing foreign population

38

of the city and its decidedly cosmopolitan character. But large bodiesmove slowly, and it is somewhat proverbial that entire unanimity ienot to be had in this community on any proposition.

Meantime the Chinese, who compose a large proportion of theforeign population of the city, during the Summer of 1879 erecteda wooden theater on the Esplanade and opened with a company ofperformers from California, in the month of September. They hadcrowded houses for a short time,. of both Celestials and "outside.barbarians" but of course their tragedies, comedies and operas wereunintelligible to the latter, although their tumbling was good. Aftergoing on for about a year, the hideous din of their orchestra washeard no more, and the establishment, having become a den of opium­smokers, was raided by the police, and so exit the Chinese Theater.

On the 1st of March, 1880, the much-talked-of public hall enterpriseculminated at length in an organization under the title of "TheMusical Hall Association of Honolulu," which was duly incorporatedunder the law, with a capital stock of $25,00G-five hundred shares offifty dollars each. This was subscribed in a short time, and the cor­poration chose the following officers to serve' one year, or until theirsuccessors shall be elected: Samuel G. ·'.vilder, President; H. A.'Yidemann,'Vice-President; J. A. Hassinger, Secretary; A.1\!c'Wayne,Treasurer. Trustees (also to serve one year, or until their successorsare elected): Samuel G. 'Yilder, H. A. 'Videmann, Edward Preston,A. 1\!c'Wayne, A. S. Cleghorn, J. H. Paty, J. A. Hassinger, A. J.Cartwright, 'Vm. G. Irwin. A very eligible lot ,,'as secured for theproposed structure, at the junction of Merchant and King streets,nearly opposite the new palaqe, and separated by a carriageway fromthe Government House premIses. Ground was broken on the 20th ofJuly, and the work was pushed forward by the Building Committee,Messrs. 'Wilder, Cleghorn and Mc'Wayne, with all possible dispatch,and at the present writing (December) is nearly completed and readyfor occupaney.

'fhe building, which is of brick, is 120 feet by 60 feet on the groundfloor, and the walls are 40 feet high and 20 inches in thickness at thebase and 12 inches at the eaves. The front door is 10 feet in width,opening by four steps into a vestibule 16 by 27 feet, on the right ofwhich is the ticket office and on ,the left stairs leading to the familycircle, which will comfortably seat 154 persons. Beyond this is thedress circle, with seats for 214; and thence on a gradual descent, is theparquette, 120 seats. The entrance to the gallery (183 seats) is on thenorth side of the building. Thus the house will comfortably seat 671persons. 'Ye say comfortably-because ample room has bcen affordedfor sitters (three feet six inches between each), and the parquette anddress circle are provided with opera chairs. There are two larg!J exits·on the lower floor of the house, besides the main one in front, and alarge one for the upper portion of the house-wise provisions in viewof the possibilities of a fire. Ventilation, so necessary in any climate,but imperative here, has been amply provided for. '{'his is secured bymeans of 16 feet domes, one in the center of the auditorium and oneback of the gallery; besides. which cool air is admitted through iron~ratings beneath each window and by the perforated cornices. ThereIS a retiring room in each corner of the dress circle. On the pros­cenium are two private boxes, one especially reserved and fitted up forthe King and Royal Family. The stage IS 40 feet deep, and is pro­vided with a full set of scenery, traps, and all the neces!:lary parapher­nalia, the scenery being painted by Mr. 'V. T. Porter, a first-classAmerican artist in that line, and the stage fittings in charge of :Mr.Stephen Gulliver, who has had forty years' experience. The par-

39

quette, in connection with the stage, can be turned into a ball room80 feet deep. Beneath the stage is the green-room (easily turned int~It supper room on occasion), 32 by 42 feet, with six dressing roomsthree on each side, besides toilet rooms and water-closets. The whol~is well lighted with gas. .

The "Musical Hall" of Honolulu is a tangible proof of the enter­prise and public spirit of our citizens, is an ornament and an honor to'the city, and in the perfection and the completeness of the details'reflects great credit on the ability and the industry of the gentlemencomposing the Building Committee.

GAME LAWS AND GAME OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.,PREPARED FOR THE HAWAUAN ALlllANAC AND ANNUAL.

As the game laws of this country are but little understood, evenby many of our own residents, and as strangers, haVing a few days tospend in town, wishing to enjoy a little" sport," are liable by a trans­gression of the same to be placed in an awkward situation, it isdeemed proper that a portion of our space should be devoted to anepitome of the laws as they now stand; and as intimately connectedtherewith, a few remarks upon the game which the country affordsmay be considered quite appropriate. .

Persons wishing to shoot game within the Kona district) are requiredby law to pay a license of five dollars per annum; ana such as are'found violating the law, are lia.ble to a fine of fifty dollars for eachoffense. The Kona district includes Honolulu Town, and is boundedby Moanalua, Maunalua, and the mountains between, which bisectthe Island at this, its southeasterly portion. 'l'he law applies nofarther, and no license is required to carry fire-arms for sporting ~ur­

poses in 'any uther part of the Kingdom. This license, however, gIvesno privilege to shoot game that is otherwise tabu, as has been erro·neously supposed by sorile.

The birds which the law protects are: All insectivorous birds offoreign importation; the" kolea, or ploverj" the "long-legged, orstilt plover" (kukuluaio); and the "lesser pied plover, or akeke."·Foreign-imported birds (insectivorous) are protected by a fine,of ten dollars to anyone "killing, snaring, or trapping" them,.regardless of time or season; while with the plover and the other­mentioned birds, the law is applicable only during a stated portion ofthe year, extending from the 1st of August to the end of April, the.fine for killing either of which is one dollar. This law, if enforced,..would virtually amount to a total prohibition against the destrucqon .of these' birds, as during the .time of prohibition there are scarcelyany to be found, the entire period being occupied by their migrations;at least this is so of the golden plover and the akeke, or dunlin, the'most numerous and most prized of the family. But the law has solong remained a dead letter, that there are few who are aware even ofits existence; and it would be an injustice if, at this period, any prose·'<mtion should be held under it. The law was originally framed underthe mistaken supposition that they were effective in checking theperiodical inroads of the army worm, which are so destructive to·vegetation in general, and pasture in particular. .. Pigeon shooting, although illegal, owing to their rapid iucre~se"and.

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prodigious numbers in certain !Jlaces, has long been allowed; and thesame remarks as have been made in regard to the shooting of ploverBapply equally here.

Of ducks, there are three or four varieties, including teal, which,however, are very rare, the common native wild duck being the mostnumerous; their habitat is ferny or boggy places, especially such asabound in aquatic plants. But the haunts of this much-prized gameare daily being more and more circumscribed by the progressiveabsorption of our marshes and taro-lands for the purpose of rice­culture, a growing industry, with scarcely an exception, entirely inthe hands of the Chinese. By the presence of laborers in the fielqs,and the incessant discharges of fire-arms for the purpose of scaringaway granivorous birds from the rice, the wild duck is most effectuallybeing driven away from his usual places of resort; especially is this soof Waikild, Manoa, Kalihi, and Ewa, near town; and the sportsmanmay now look in vain for a brace, where a few years since he mighthave found them by the dozen. .

During the month of August our shores are visited by vast numbersof what are commonly known here as the "nor'west ducks," beingcommon to the waters of more northerly latitudes, and which, afterspending their winter here migrate again to the north, their migra­tions synchronizing with the migrations of the plovers. These birdsare. extensively gregarious, and are seldom seen excepting in largeflocks often numbering hundreds or even thousands, their usual placesof resort being the sea shore-either in the still bays or the large fish­ponds along the coast.

Curlew, although not plentiful, are yet to be found in certain places,and are perhaps more numerous on the Island of l\folokai than else­where. Their most common feeding grounds on this Island are theflats between Kalihi and Moanalua, and at Ewa; they are also occa­sionally to be met with at Koko Head.

Coots,or mUd-hens, are plentiful in all the mamhes throughout theIslands; but owing to the absence of flavor in their flesh, and thetoughness of their tegumentary covering] which requires removalin order to fit them for cooking, they are but little esteemed by thesportsman.

Hawaiian geese, birds indigenous and peculiar to this Archipelago,are to be found on the mountains of Hawaii, and are numerous in thevicinity of Mauna Loa. Imported quail have multiplied rapidly onmost of the Islands; and on this Island may be found in considerablenumbers in the monntains of Waianae, and at Halemanu and 'Va­hiawa.

Among other imported birds esteemed as game may be mentioned:pheasants and stock-doves, the latter of which make the town echowith their cooing at early morn. The former-mentioned birds arebreeding fast on the ranch of H. R. H. Keelikolani, on Mololmi;the1;e are some also at Kahuku and Malaekahana (the property of].{r. James Campbell), on this Island, and were originally importedby Mr. Moffitt, the former owner of the Kahuku Estate. A. C. S.

The article on Marine Disasters at the Hawaiian Islands from theearliest discoveries tothe present time, we are obliged to defer till ournext issue.

41

VISIT TO THE CRATER OF KILAUEA.

A Personal Narrative of a Trip During the Summer of 1880.

WRITTEN FOR THE ALMANAC AND ANNUAL.

It seems of little use to try to describe a trip to the crater of Kilauea,since words fail to express the grandeur of the scene, or its desolateappearance, its fires, the boiling and surging of the molten masses, itsintense heat and wonderful powers. Like many others before us, wearrived at Hilo with the intention of visiting the home of the GoddessPele, and our party of four mounted horses in early morning, startingoff from town tn a pouring rain, for the frequency of which that partof the island is noted. After a scramble of eight or nine hours up­hill and down dale, over slippery lava flows of known and unknowndates, through splendid tropical fern forests, impenetrable except bytrail, we reached the Volcano House at 5.30 P. III., wet through andtired, having stopped only at the half-way house for rest and refresh­ments. Here we found a courteous host, and a roaring fire in an old­fashioned but very smoky fire-place, around which we ()rowded andsteamed away to our hearts' content and bodily comfort. .

Before retiring, and after our clothes had ceased to steam, we strolledout on the verandah, and before us and nearly at our feet obtained ourfirst view of the volcanoha scene we never shall forget, with its firesso bright and vivid. W en we first arrived the low-hanging cloudshad hidden it

ibut now they had lifted and the darkness of the night

brought out t Ie brilliancy III strong relief, the heavens being lightedas by some vast conflagration. Sometimes it would nearly die outand a moment later flash forth in greater splendor. To the right of'the main illumination were numerous smaller fires, caused by lavaflows on the more level portion of the crater, bursting forth withvivid flashes; they would grow dimmer as it cooled off, only to breakforth again in some other quarter. Sometimes the regularity of the'lights made it seem as if we were looking down into some large city­with its myriads of street-lamps; then again, it would change seem-­ingly into a train of cars, the head-light of the engine being largerand brighter than the smaller lights in the balance of the train. Wecould, in fact, imagine all manner of things as the forms and bril­liancy of the fires changed position and density.

The next day was very pleasant. We arose early, feeling muc~refreshed, ate a good breakfast, and with our guide and sticks set out,for the crater, the brink of which was only fifty or sixty feet from thehouse, and which, had we known it the night before, might have madeus restless; but "where ignorance is bliss," etc.

The first view we had of Kilauea in daylight was somewhat strik-;ing. Below us at a depth of six hundred feet was a great blacklooking field of lava distorted into every conceivable shape, amI:Which might be likened to an ice gorge in the northern rivers, only..black in color.

After making the descent by a steep and zig-zag path, passing the­marble cross on the spot where Mr. Houlder died of heart disease in·August of 1879-which, by the way, would make one of weak nervesshaKe somewhat as an introduction to the trip-we reached the lav:aand commenced a two-mile pedestrian tour over loose slag and scoriato the new lake which has been rec!;lntly formed from a small blow-·hole. Long before we reached it we could see the smoke and heatrising, and as we approached could feel it also, both with feet and,faces; for the heat and sulphurous fumes were issuing from too many

6 ,

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cracks in the lava,causing us to make rapid steps and occasional longjumps; but at length reaching the edge of the lake, its grandeur burstsuddenly upon us.

Below us some seventy or eighty feet was a lake of molten lava,boiling and bursting up to a height of thirty or forty feet, enclosed ina circular wall some eight hundred feet in diameter. In three or fourplaces near the center the molten mass was boiling, splashing, burst­ing wildly, while near the walls eruptions were taking place withgreat fury, the waves of lava surging from side to side and breakingnnder our feet. Now they would die down only to be renewed againand again to follow in the same burning track. At times the masswould separate in the center, showing a red fiery river through theblack sea of lava, when in a great wave would rush only to dash upagainst the sides and be hurled madly back again like the angrybeating of the ocean's waves against the cliffs. The wind wouldsometimes catch the fine lava as it was thrown upwards into the airand spin it into" Pele's hair," so called, which resembles spun glassand which would be borne by the breeze against the frowning walls,ancI over them on to the surrounding lava field.

Here we stood for an hour on the brink of this lake of fire watchingit in all its changeful moods. Sometimes it would be very quiet for aspell, then suddenly break forth again in great fury and force, whilewe, chained to the spot by the magnificence of the scene, were under­going a process of alternate toasting and cooling, the cool, refreshingbreeze on the one hand furnishing one medium, the heat from theburning lake on the other hand providing the other.

On noticing the gapping fissures near and around us-we beingbetween them and the lake-and reviewing our situation, we weresomewhat forcibly struck with the idea that it would be well to seesome of the other wonders of the crater. Not that we were at allfearful. , Oh no ! for the guide had just comforted us with the informa­tion that, since the preceding Sunday, over one hundred feet of thebrink had fallen in, making the lake that much larger; and thetrembling of the place on which we stood was a powerful argument inurging us to proceed with our explorations. And we went, a sigh ofrelief escaping us when we found ourselves at a safe distance. Theguide said that the new lake was the most dangerous place in thecrater, and we were glad to get away from it.

After another pleasant (?) ramble over broken lava, leaping fromone cake to another, carefully avoiding the holes and bubbles, wecame to the old crater of Halemaumau, and descended a nearly per­pendicular cliff of eighty feet over loose, jagged lava rocks, expectingevery minute to get a fall, or a hit on our heads from a stone loosenedby those in the rear; but we arrived safely at the bottom with a fewcontusions occasioned by the sharp stones. Here we found "MadamPele" very mild in comparison with the place just left, although shewas grumbling and splurging considerably. After getting our breath,we scrambled out again.

From here we traveled up an easy trail along a perfect river of oldlava about twenty feet wide and half a mile long, to view the southlake; and, as we were to the leeward of it, had the full benefit of agood dose of sulphur smoke, which came so suddenly upon us as tonearly stifle us. 'Ve thought ,ve had found a lucifer match factory <'

inJull blast. 'Ve left this locality in a hurry, and it was some timebefore we could get a full breath again; but we finally got out allright, inflated our lungs with purer air and started for the north sideof the crater.

For the first time, we now had a good. view of our surroundings.

43Here we were penned up in a crater or immense well some three byfive miles in diameter, with towering perpendicular walls from sixhundred to one thousand feet on all sides of uo; under our feet waslava black and ragged, and twisted and turned in every conceivableshape; smoke was issuing from numerous cracks and openings andintense heat was emitted by flowing lava which had no visible outlet.Our feelings may perhaps be considered to have been pleasant. Theywere not. '

Our guide now grew facetious and thought to playa joke on us-adecidedly practical one, too-as,without a word of warning (we trust­ing him implicitly because we couldn't help it), he led us over arecent flow of lava which had partially cooled on the surface, andwhich was black like that around. But the red-hot kind was stillflowing below, and in a very short time we perceived the point of thejoke, and commenced to dance rather lively, as our feet were nearlyblistered by the intense heat, so we started for the cold lava withoutwaiting for the guide to lead the way. .

The lava cools on the surface very quickly on coming in contactwith the air, but inside remains in an incandescent state for sometime, when the crust is strong but very hot. 'Ye did not know itthen, but we do now. , '

By this time we had become somewhat accnstomed to our strangeposition and grew bolder, and approached a place where we could seethe lava flowing. 'Ve found it hot enough to make its presence felt, andhalted to partake of the lunch that had been provided for us, whichwe did heartily, and while eating, watched the flow, ready at anymoment to travel in light order, and quickly too, in case it madea break towards us. Onemi~ht imagine that it would flow rapidly,but unless over a declivity It does not; for, as before stated, it coolsquickly on the surface, while the inner and molten mass will pushthrough first in one direction, then in another, working its way in awinding course as best it can. No one can tell when or where it islikely to break out; consequently we watched closely for any indica­tions, ready at any moment to change base. 'Vhile lunching wedivided the time in getting coin specimens, which make a prettymemento of the visit, but found it difficult to get one out whole, asthe lava is very brittle. \Ve made them by getting a lump of red-hotlava on a stick and working coins into it, keeping them in their placesby turning up the edges of the lava and letting them cool; foralthough it looks black, it is still very hot, and continues so for along time. Some, in fact, have to leave their specimens and preservethemselves on account of some sudden flow taking place.

Having finished our lunch, and being well toasted ourselves, webegan our return journey over the desolate and black-looking masstowards the high wall and place of our descent. After a long, difficultand tiresome climb, we at last reached the top and the VolcanoHouse, very much exhausted after our jaunt of six or seven hours,covering a distance of twelve or fourteen miles, and it seemed pleas­ant to be in comparative safety again. \Ve say comparative, becauseall around the house the steam issues from immense seams andcracks; but still the danger is not so imminent as below, where onedoes not know at what time an outbreak may be expected.

During the evening we amused ourselves in looking over the reg­isters of the house, in which nearly every visitor writes that "hearrived" at a certain hour, after a certain kind of a trip-from Hilogenerally. Some report having had fine weather, but the majority ofthem bad. 'l'he specimens of wit are of all, classes-good, bad, and'inditferent·-and the various handwritings are a study. Some of the

5

44

sketches of incidents which transpired on the journey up were veryamusing and well-executed; and a perusal of the books well repaysone for the time occupied, though some vandals have cut out leaves,either whole or in part, making it very aggravating to the reader.. A quarter of a mile below the house is a fine sulphur bank, whereone can occasionally find beautiful specimens of crystals, though the •labor in getting them is great, as the steam is constantly rising andthe ground is quite hot. A new place for sulphur bathing has beenprepared which is said to take away the effects of lameness andfatigue; but the memory of the day's experience was so vivid wedeclined to try it, having had enough for one day. .

The next mor.ning bright and early our breakfast was eaten withthe sauce of a good appetite; after which, our horses being saddledand brought to the door, we started on the return trip, bidding adieuto bur courteous host and arriving at Hilo at 5 P. lII., tired and lame

iafter the three days' pilgr~mage. We were saluted on our arrivawith an earthquake, a proceeding of nature which is not frequenthere, considering the great powers working within so short a distance.

The ride from HHo to the volcano, a distance of thirty miles over avery rough road

ito one unaccustomed to the saddle, will be found It

trying one; the ava being so ragged and slippery in places and thepathway so steep that, unless your animal be a sure-footed one, it is It'severe trial on weak nerves. And after the journey is accomplishedthe average traveler or tourist will be only too glad to enjoy thehospitality of the courteous host of the Volcano House. The presentVolcano House, a one-story frame building, fifty feet in length andtwenty-five in width, with a spacious verandah extending along theside facing the crater, replaces the grass structure of former years, andis built a little to the south of the old site. The accommodations aregood-much better than one would expect to find where everythinghas to be packed such a distance from the coast on the backs of horsesand mules. 'rhe courtesies extended to our party both at HHo andthe Volcano House will ever be gratefully remembered by

. T.B.K.

CAUSES OF THE PECULIARITY OF HAWAIIAN CLIMATE.

BY JU:V. 8. ]C. BIsnop.

Visitors to these Islands usually find two things in our climate thatare new to their experience.

One is the extreme uniformity of average temperature, day afterday. 'While in the Eastern United States cold and hot waves of tem­perature rapidiy succeed each other, and the thermometer will be oneday in the nineties, and the next in the thirties, here the breezes cometempered with almost the same warmth, and for month after monthone day is no hotter and no colder than another.

The other peculiarity is the very moderate warmth of our Islands.Full tropic heat is almost unknown. One can almost· always find It

. cool place if there is shade and a breeze. Many men wear dark andwarm clothing the year through. The pith hat, the pajamas and the

..

45

puggarees of the real tropics are here uncalled for, save as luxuries,not necessities.. .

In the combination of these two peculiarities, I believe our climateis unique-unmatched by any other place in the world. Manyanother island in the midst of wide tropic seas enjoys a similaruniformity} like 'rahiti or Jamaica; but they wilt in excessive heat.Other lamts enjoy equal and greater average coolness by reason ofgreater distance from the equator, but receive cold blasts and occa~

sional frosts from neighboring realms of 'Vinter. In our gentle'Vinter, while in chill mornings we find our mercury even as low asin the fifties, we never approach·to frost-so that here the palm, thepandanus, the banana are at home, true children of the tropics. Andyet it is cool enough for one species of the peach, and on the uplandsfor the strawberry and the raspberry to be indigenous. 'Ve are abso­lutely ignorant of the broiling days and melting nights of a NewYork or Washington Summer. We do not know the torrid heats ofthe West Indies, the South Seas, the Philippines or the Sundas, wherethe mercury for half the year never finds 80 0 -where every artificemust be used for coolness-where exertion is impossible during midday, and all life seems to slumber in the excessive sunbath. Here thewhite man easily labors all day long through the hottest .season, afact unknown in any other land within the tropics. We have dailyseen without a thought of surprise white carpenters and masons atwork on buildings every day' and all day through the past month ofAugust. .

'Vhat are the causes. of these very agreeable peculiarities of theHawaiian climate, its moderation, and its uniformity?

Our uniformity of climate in common with other islands in mid­ocean, we owe to the tempering power upon the air of the wide oceanspaces surrounding us. 'rhe air currents coming to us from the coldand hot waves of the continental spaces must pass for several daysover many thousand miles of sea of uniform temperature. The seadetermines the temperature of the air. It fences us from Arcticblasts, and equally from torrid siroccos.

'The same condition of a protecting ocean expanse occurs in theSouth Pacific, and secures a .like uniformity of climate. 'rahiti andSamoa are reached by the trade winds only after passing an enormousbreadth of ocean, 5000 and 6000 miles to our 2500. And within 2500miles south of them are the vast flotillas of ice drifting down fromthe Antarctic continent of glaciers. Yet their sea comes to them at atemperature of 80 0 and upwards, while the air is heavy iaden withmoisture. Drenching rains are often falling, and verdure ranklycovers the land all the J'ear with a iuxury unknown in Hawaii.

Not only in the tropic islands of the South Pacific in latitude nearlycorresponding with ours, but aiso in Strong's Island, and Bonabe1west of us, the climate is warm and moist, like that of the East anuWest Indies. Owing to the comparative coldness of the seas aroundus, and to the northeast, from whence our prevailing winds come, ourclimate is exceptionally dry, and often arid.

The air currents coming southward gain heat faster than the watersthey pass over. 'rhey gain capacity for carrying moisture faster thanthe chill sea can supply it by evaporation. Hence our trade winds areseldom saturated-they bring few clouds. They have little rain to .spare us! only as our sky-lifting peaks shoulder them back and wringout their scanty waters by pressure and coldness. So, while theeasterly coasts gain a moderate supply, our remaining lands are incontinuous drought, with air balmy,but dry:

Another most favorable peculiarity of our gracious climate is our

46

total exemption from the. destructive cyclones which prevail else­where within the tropics. The vast breadth of the Pacific exempts itsislands generally from the extreme forms of hurricane experienced inthe Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and justify its name Pacific. TheNavigator and Fiji Islands are, however, subjected to terrific cyclones.

Our exemption is unquestionably due to the moderate temperatureof sea and air. Tempests are the throes of nature to restore equili­brium between heated areas and coldness near them. 'rhe cold airs ofBritish America, and the hot winds of the Caribbean meet and pro­duce tremendous disturbances of equilibrium, and cyclones form andgo whirling along the West Atlantic, their centers rending to bitswhatever they strike. .

Here, with air and water seldom far from 70 0 , with no continentaldesert near, to mass the tropic heat, and no vast Arctic glacier spaceto mass the cold near us, there is little provocation to tempests.

In the South Pacific how different are the conditions. 'rhere theocean waters coming from the equator with a heat of above 80 0 , andthe air at the same or higher. Then within 2500 miles are the iceflotillas of the Antarctic, chilling the sea and air to 50 0 or 60 0 belowthe tropical temperature. The vicinity of extremes is too close-thecontrast of temperatures too great and sudden. Hence the hurricanesof the South Pacific, unknown to us. '

'Ve have, so far, traced our unique climate to one single and peculiarcondition in which we differ from any other region within the tropics.That is the singularly low temperature of our ocean water. our seasare cooler by a full average of ten degrees than any ocean region atthe same distance from the equator, in any other part of the world.By this, we are protected from hurricanes. To this, we owe ourclimate: so sweet, salubrious, agreeable, uniform, yet cool and dry.

But why is our ocean temperature here in the twentieth degree oflatitude so low as an average of 70 0 , and why so much higher every­Where else in the same latitude? . In some measure, no doubt, this isdue to a strong surface current fiowing hither from the northelist,driven by the trade winds. '1'his current often brings to our shoresnumbers of uprooted trees and saw-logs from the Columbia River,which its freshets have delivered to the ocean. It is probably a returncurrent from the Kuro-slwa or gulf stream of the Pacific, whichcarries the equatorial waters past China and Japan, and sweeps acrossthe North Pacific, leaving there its warmth, and returning on its cir­cuit with northern coolness.

'rhis, however, cannot be an adequate cause for our peculiar coldnessof ocean wateri else we ought to·find a similar coldness in the watersof the eastern part of every ocean within the tropics. Especiallyshould this be the case on the southwest coasts of Africa and Aus­tralia, where the return currents have come direct from the greatAntarctic ice wall, and its scattered drift of icebergs. Our gulfstream meets no icebergs in its northern sweep-yet our waters arecold, and theirs are warni. 'Vhy this differeuce ? . "

'rhe real cause seems to have been unravelled by Dr. Carpenter inhis discussions of the deep-sea explorations of the Challenger. Mostof us are doubtless aware that a few years since Dr; 'Vyville 'rhomson Iand other experts in science conducted for three years an explorationof the deeper parts of the different oceans. They measured thedepths. They dredged for the inhabitants of those depths. Theyascertained the temperatures of the water at different depths wher-ever soundings were taken. It was from the records of those tem­peratures that Dr. Carpenter deduced the theory of the great move-ments of the cold and warm waters of the ocean which alone

47

satisfactorily explains our problem. The name of Dr. Carpenterthan which for nearly a generation no other has ranked higher iIiphysical science, is sufficient guaranty of the value of his theory.

We have to consider what is the normal movement of the greatmasses of the ocean waters upon the largest scale. We leave out ofview the mere surface currents, like the Gulf Stream and the greatEquatorial Current, however notable, as having a very partial effectin comparison with the vast, steady, but hidden, movements of thegreat ocean masses.

To state the outlines of Dr. Carpenter's theory so as to be readilycomprehended, take a trough (A B Cl, say ten feet long and one footdeep, filled with water lH 60 o.

A B

,;:w-

~....Q

~

~

c

.., In the two ends of the trough (A and C) place blocks of ice.Through the surface of the center (B) pass a coil of pipe filled withhot steam. This will represent an ocean like the Atlantic, opencontinuously from pole to pole. At each end are the ice masses. Atthe equator is the torrid sun-heat.

Now what happens to the water in our trough? The ice at onCecools the water at the extremities to 32 0 • The hot coil raises thesurface water at the center towards the boiling point. A rapid circu­lation is set up through the entire length and depth of the whole bodyof water. The chilled water at A and C, being heavier, sinks. Thewarm water at B flows to A and C to fill the void. This movementpushes the cold water along the bottom from A and C towards B. AtB the two bottom currents meet, and· push each other upward. Atthe surface the cold water meets the hot pipes, is heated, and returnsalong the surface to the extremities. Thus IS established a continuouscirculation in two circuits, of warm water f'om. the center on thesurface to each end, and of cold water along the bottom from each endto the center.

Now, the deep-sea soundings of the Challenger appear to show thatthe great mass movements of the waters of the Atrantic Ocean pre­cisely correspond to this. The evidence is mainly this: In everypart of the ocean below 1500 fathoms the water is at about 35 0 , ornearly ice-cold. Above that depth the temperature slowly rises.Now, when you find ice-water under the tropics, we think it musthave flowed there from the Polar seas, for we know that the earth­'depths are hot, and the sea-depths ought to be warm, unless they areconstantly replenished with ice-water from the poles. But a mostsignificant fact clinches the proof. It is this: In the vicinity of theequator, the temperature of 35 0 , to find which everywhere elseoutside of the Polar circles you must descend 1500 fathoms, is foundat only 500 fathoms below the surface. That is, under the verycenter of heat, we find ice-water nearest to the surface. 'What doesthis mean? 'Vhy plainly, that two vast cold currents from the polesare meeting below, and are forcing each other up to the surface.

Such being the evidence in support of Dr. Carpenter's theory,observe what will be the effect on the climates of islands in latitudes

.*

48

like Hawaii and Cuba and Tahiti. A vast set of ocean water fromthe equator carries to them the torrid heats. Their seas will range intemperature above 800. Their atmosphere will be surcharged withthe moisture evaporated by the heated ocean, which the colder tradewinds will condense in frequent rains. Thus we have the hot, dampclimate of the West Indies and the South Sea Islands. \Vhy?Because their sea-water flows to them from the heated equator.But why then is it not the same with Hawaii? To explain this,let us return again to our diagram of the trough. I represent it in asecond figure, where at D I show a partition which cuts off the ice atC from communication with the rest of the trough.

o

A B D C

This represents the conditions in which the Pacific Ocean differsfrom the Atlantic. The Pacific is closed at the north by Alaslm andKamschatka, which closely meet, leaving only the narrow shoal ofBehring's Strait, whiCh is of no account. The Atlantic is open atboth ends to the Polar seas, while the Pacific is open only to theAntarctic ice, and is cut off from the Arctic.

Now, what must take place in the trough when the influence of theice at C is cut off by the partition D? Why, there is no chilling of,the water at the C or Arctic end, to make it sink, and hence no draftof warm water from B to C. The whole draft from the equator (B) isto the Antarctic end (A). More than this, the cold water pushed onfrom behind meets no counter-flow at B from the Arctic (C), to com­pel it to ascend. It has no natural tendency to rise, being heavy.Hence it flows on until it meets the barrier (D). Then it is compelledto find room above, pushes up, and flows back to B as a cold current onthe surface. .

Now the temperature soundings of. the Challenger in the Pacifichave shown this remarkable fact: Everywhere under the equator theice-water is reached at the same uniform depth of 1500 fathoms as inother parts of the ocean. It is not found rising to within 500 fathomsof the surface as it does in the Atlantic. This seems to prove that thePacific Ocean flow is precisely that shown in our second diagram.The vast mass of equatorial water flows southhstrikes the Antarcticice, then flows along the ocean depths throug the entire length ofthe Pacific until it reaches the· great barrier of the Aleutian chain,which arrests its farther progress. It then rises to the surface an ice­cold current and flows southward, gradually gaining heat from thesun, but still cool until it has crossed the line.

Thus it is that Hawaiian seas are continually replenished from thecold seas of the north! while our sister isles of the south receive thetorrid heats of the' ine. The mighty continental glacier of theAntarctic is not far from them, but cold comes not to them, but to usafter traversing the depths of the whole Pacific.. It follows from this solution of our problem, that were Alaska, r

Kamschatka, and the Aleutian chain to be sunken 2000 fathoms deepso as to open the Pacific to the Arctic, the ocean set of the NorthPacific would be reversed, and the climate of Hawaii would becomefull-tropical. "'iVe will hope that such a catastrophe will not soonoccur. Alaska is of high value to us, if not to the United States.

49

It may well have been, however, that ten thousand years ago, whenice predominated at the north and was at its minimum in the Antarc~

tic, that the northern ice cap extended well into the Pacific, and pastthe Aleutians. If such were the case, then Hawaii must at that timehave had a full-tropical climate, with its heats and its perpetual rains.

·Why, it may be asked, do not the islands of Micronesia two andthree thousand miles away from us, and which are north of the line,experience a like mitigation of torrid heat with ourselves from thesame cause? We know that they are warm and wet. The reasondoubtless is that so far mid-ocean, the great equatorial surface currenthas attained full breadth and force, as it has not done here, and cutsoff from the surface the massive and deep ocean-set from the north.This equatorial current is heated, and gives to Bonabe its torridclimate.

The effect of such a climate as ours upon the well-being of societycalls for careful estimation.

APPROPRIATION BILL FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD ENn­ING MARCH 31st, 1880.

CIVIL LIST.

His Majesty's Privy Purse and Royal State.~ $45,000 00HeJ: l\Iajesty the Queen :. 10,000 00Her Royal Highness the Heir Presumptive.~....... 10,000 00Her Royal Highness the Princess Likelike......... 8,000 00His Majesty's Chamberlain and Secretary.. ~ ; 5,000 00His Majesty's Household Expenses ; ; 16,000 00Expenses of His Majesty's Coronation ;..... 10,000 00

$104,000 00PERlIIANENT SETTLEUEJITS.

Her l\Iajesty Queen Emma $16,000 00'·His Excellency P. Kanoa......... 2,400 00'l\Iethusela l\Iahuka. 600 00Henry S. Swinton :.................. 600'00

.$19,600 00LEGISLATURE AND PRIVY COUNCIL,

,Expenses of Legislature, 1880 : $20,000 O(lSecretary Privy Council....................................................... 200 00Incidentals Privy Council........ 100 00

$20,300 00JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT.

Salary of Chief Justice and Chancellor $12,000 00Salary of First Associate...... 10,000 00Salary of Second Associate......... 10,000 00Salary of Clerk Supreme Court 5,000 00Salary of Assistant Clerk and Librarian...... 3",800 00Salary of Intepreter Supreme and Police Courts.... 3,600 00Salary of Circuit Judge, 2nd Judicial Circuit :. 4,,000 00Traveling Expenses of do...... 200 00Salary of Circuit Judges, 3rd Judicial Circuit....... 4,000 00Salary of Circuit Judge of~Kauai...... 3,000 00Salary of Police Justice of. Honolulu m. 4.800 00

7 .

300 001,800 001,80000

800 ()(}500 00

1,200 003,000 ()(}

1,000 ()(}800 0080000SOO 00800 ()()800 ()(}400 00300 00300 003750

300 ()(}2,300 ()(}

1,000 0080000800 ()(}30000600 00

1,000 00800 00600 00800 005000

800 00600 00600 00

50

Salary of Police Justice of Hilo $ 2,000 00Salary of Police Justice of Lahaina.................. 1,600 00Salary of Police Justice of Wailuku 2,00000Salary of District JUdge, North Hilo.................................... 800 00Salary of District Judge, Puna, HawaiL.............................. 800 00Salary of District Judge, Kau. HawaiL....... 1,000 00Salary of District Judge, North Kona, Hawaii..................... 600 00Salary of District Judge, South Kona, Hawaii..................... 600 00

(If one Judge for the two districts, then $1,000.)Salary of District Judge, North Kohala, Hawaii .Salary of District Judge, South Kohala, Hawaii ..Salary of District Judge, Hamakua, Hawaii ·Balance of salary of ditto due and unpaid ..Salary of District JUdge, Honuaula, MauL .Salary of District JUdge, Makawao, MauL .Salary of District Judge, Hana and Kaupo, MauL ..Salary of District JUdge, Island of Lanai ..Salary of District JUdge, MolokaL ,..Traveling expenses of ditto ..Salary of District Judge, Ewa and 'Vaianae, Oahu ..Salary of District Judge, Waialua. Oahu ..Salary of District Judge! Koolauloa, Oahu .

(If one Judge for the aistricts of 'Vaialua and Koolauloa,then $900.) . .

Salary of District JUdge, Koolaupoko, Oahu .Salary of District Judge, Hanalei, KauaL .Salary of District JUdge, Kawaihau, KauaL ..Salary of District JUdge, Lihue, KimaL ..Salary of District Judge, Koloa, KauaL ..Salary of District Judgez Waimea, KauaL .Salary of Clerk 2nd JudICial Circuit .Salary of First Clerk 3rd Judicial Circuit .Salary of Second Clerk 3rd Judicial Circuit .

. Balance of salary of ditto due and unpaid .Salary of Clerk 4th Judicial Circuit ..Expenses of Supreme Court ..Expenses of witnesses in criminal cases in the Supreme and

Circuit Courts : : .Expenses of 2nd Judicial Circuit ..Expenses of 3rd Judicial Circuit ..Expenses of 4th Judicial Circuit ..

.Purchase of Law Books : ~, ..Stationery and Incidentals for all the Courts ..Translating, printing and binding the Hawaiian Reports ·

$96,58750DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

Salary of l\Iinister $12.000 00Salary of Secretary :....... 5,000 00Office expenses, Foreign Agents........................................... 3,100 00Postage and Incidentals.. 2,000 00Expenses of Foreign·Missions.............................................. 6,00000Salary of Minister Resident at 'Vashington 10,000 00Relief and return of indigent Hawaiians from abroad :. 1,500 ()(}8alarr .of l\Iessenger .- : :............. 600 00Salaryof Copying Clerk.................. 600 ()(}I)urchase of Decorations ; :....... 1,500 00Education of Hawaiian Youths in Foreign Countries 15,000 00

51

Safe for Foreign Office Department :.. : $ 500 00King's Guards 31,847 35Band, Flags, Salutes and Incidentals 31,425 65Aid to Volunteer Military Companies 12,000 00

$133,100 00. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT;Salary of l\Iinister $12,000 00Salary of Clerks :. 13,400 00Salary of Governor of Oahu...... 3,600 00Salary of Governor of l\Iaui......... 3,600 00Salary of Governor of KauaL..... 3,600 00Salary of Governess of Hawaii...... 3,600 00Salary of Clerk, Governor of Oahu...... 800 00Salary of Clerk, Governor of MauL.... 1,600 00Salary of Clerk, Governor of KauaL....... 1,000 00Salary of Clerk, Governess of Hawaii.................... 1,600 '00Salary of Jailor of Oahu Prison...... 3,600 00Salary of 'Water Superintendent and Clerk of MarkeL......... 3,000 00Salary of Clerk to Supt. 'Water Works and Clerk of Market 2,000 00Markets at Lahaina, Hilo, and "'ailuku, $2,000 each............ 6,000 00Salary of Road Supervisor of Kona, Oahu......... 2,400 00Salary of Superintendent of Public Works:.......................... 6,000 00Salary of Postmaster GeneraL...... 5,000 00Salary of Clerks Post Office............... 10,000 00Pay of Postmasters.. 5,000 00Pay of l\Iail Carriers...... 15,100 00Incidentals to Post Office :........................ 5,000 00Telephone Station......... 1,300 00Pay of Road Supervisors :.... 8,000 00Pay of Keeper of Royal Mausoleum......... 600 00Expenses of Royal Mausoleum.............................. 250 00Pay of Keeper of LunaIilo Mausoleum.................. 400 00Balance due Keeper of Lunalilo's 'l'omb......... 133 00Pay of Janitor Aliiolani Hale and Messengers Int. De}Jt..... 1,875 00Incidentals Interior Department ,..... 2,000 00Copying Records Land Commission to complete same......... 3,900 00Purchase of Road Stock......... .. 2,000 00Road Damages......... .. 8,000 00Roads and Bridges throughout the Kingdom 175,000 00Leper Settlement......... 85,000 00For cure of lepers to be paid at rate of $200 for each cured... 20,000 00Medical Supt. Leper Settlement, for services rendered.......... 1,000 00Resident Physicians ;.... 26,000 00General Expenses Board of Health :.. 20,000 00Branch Hospitals...... 40,000 00Repairs and care of Quarantine Buildings...... 2,500 00Store House at Kahului.......... 2,000 00Insane Asylum, including repairs 15,000 00Aid to Queen's Hospital.......... 21,000 00GovernmentSu1'\·w 40.000 00Government PrintIng...... 3,000 00Printing and binding index of Kuleanas of the Kingdom...... 1,000 00Publishing the laws of the ,Kingdom in, English and Ha-

waiian......... 5,000 00Support of Prisoners 45,000 00Honolulu Fire Department...... 15,092 00Interpreting and translating...... 300 00

52

Expenses of Bureau of Water 'Vorks $ 4,000 00Repairs of and addition to Water Works 64,000 00Repairs and running expenses of tug Pele....... 15,000 00Anchors, buoys and landings......... 18,000 00Landing at Kawela, Hamakua, Hawaii....... 3,000 00Dredging Honolulu Harbor...................... 5,000 ()()Repairs of wharves, Honolulu........ ]5,000 00Repairs and running expenses of the several lighthouses...... 7,500 00New lighthouse west of Molokai.......................................... 2,500 00New lighthouse Batber's point............................................ 2,500 00Repairs of, and new Government Buildings 34,000 00Completion of, and furnishing new Palace ... 80,000 00Pedestal and incidentals for Kamehameha Statue............. 2,000 00Encourage!llent of Immigration 100,000 00Cutting down and making road over Nuuanu PalL........ 30,000 00Marine railway for Honolulu 100,000 ()()Artesian well boring ; , 10,000 00Improvement of Kapiolani Park :.. 5,000 00Improvement of Thomas Square ; 2,500 00Government Library ·...... 500 00Rent of lot in front of Aliiolani Hale to March 31st, 1882...... 200 00Rent of Aienui...... 720 00Back rent of Kohololoa Pound...... 650 00Rent Kohololoa Pound two years to March 31st 1882..·. 400 00Expenses filing Certificates of Boundaries in Int. office.... 200 00Expenses of election......... 50000Erection of Laundries to be leased under the Board of Health 7,500 00Road tax to be expended in District where colle.cted....... ...... 70,000 00

$1,233,920 00DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.

Salary of 1\Iinister ; $12,000 00Salary of Registrar of Public Accounts......... 6,000 ()()Salary of Collector General................... 7,000 00Salary of Deputy Collector.................. 4,()()O 00Salary of Statistical Clerk......... 3,600 00Salary of 2nd Statistical Clerk....... 2,400 00Salary of Surveyor and Guard............................................. 3,000 ()()Salary of Storekeeper...... 3,000 ()()Salary of Assistant Guards of Honolulu and other ports........ 8,000 00Salary of Collector. of Kawaihae........................................... 300 00Salary of Collector of Kahului......... 2,000 00Salary of Port Surveyor and Guard for Kahului.............. 1,600 00Salary of Collector of Kealakekua.......... 100 00Salary of Collector of Koloa......... ......... 200 00Salary of keeper of Steamer 'Varehouse................................ 1,200 00Salary of keeper of Kerosene 'Varehouse.............................. 480 00Salary of 1\Iessenger 600 00Incidentals of. Custom House......... 2,500 00Custom House Boat ~ 1,000 00Pay of Tax Assessors ~..... 20,000 00Pay of Tax Collectors............ 18,000 00Pay of Tax Appeal Board..;... 1,000 00National Debt falling due : 89,700 00Interest on National Debt 78,000 (JOHospital Fund (estimated Receipts).......... 12,000 00Incidentals of Finance Department......... 2,000 00Printing and supplying of Certificates of Deposit.. 1,500 00

53

Stamps and Dies : $ 1,000 00Safe for Finance Department......... 2,250 00Dog Tags .. 600 00Subsidy to Foreign Steam lines.......... 24,000 00Subsidy to China Merchants' Steam Navigation Co's line 24,00() 00Return of Double Taxes.......... 23 25D. Keaweamahi, bal. of salary as teacher of Ref. School..... 226 00

$333,27925DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL.

Salary of Attorney General $12,000 00Salary of Clerk of Attorney General. ; :... 4,000 00Salary of l\farshaI............ 7,(j()() 00Salary of Sheriff of Hawaii 5,000 00Salary of Sheriff of ]\-[auL 5,000 00Salary of Sheriff of KauaL........ 3,000 00Salary of Clerk of She'riffof·Hawaii..................................... 1,200 00Salary of Clerk of Sheriff of Maul.. 1,200 00Police of HawaiL........ 28,000 00Police of Maui ~.. 18.000 00Police of Oahu......... 70,000 00Police of KauaL , ;.. 7,200 00Apprehension of Criminals............ 2,000 00Incidentals of Department...... 2,000 00Expenses of Coroners' Inquests ;......... 600 00

$166,200 00BUREAU OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

Salary of Inspector GeneraL $ 5,000 00Traveling Expenses of ditto '1,000 00Salary of Clerk of Board of Education.......... 5,000 00Support of Hawaiian and English Schools ;....... 45,000 00Support of Common Schools. 12,000 00Industrial and Reformatory Schools, to include instruction .

in instrumental music and cost of instruments....... 10,500 00Building and Repairs of School Houses.... 5,000 00Scholarships at Oahu College for native Hawaiian boys only 720 00Publishing the book" Sanitary Instructions for J [awaiians" 3,000 00National Museum....... 500 00Stationery and Incidentals...... 700 00Salary of Messenger : ,..... 600 00

$89,02000RECAPITULATION.

Civil List. ......... ......... $104,000 00Permanent Settlements: 19,600 00Legislature and Privy Council... 20,300 00Judiciary Department.......... 96,587 50Department of Foreign Affairs....... 133',100 00Department of Interior 1,233,920 00Department of Finance. 333,279 25Department of Attorney GeneraL........................ 166,200 OUBureau of Public Instruction...... 89,020 00----

$2,196,006 75

54

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS POSTAL SERVICE.

General Post Office, Honolulu, Oahu.-A. P. Brickwood, P. r.L;Assistants-L. P. Dubois, C. H. Brickwood, ·W. A. Kalai, A. P. Brick-wood,jr. .Waialua, Oahu S. N. Emerson

OVERLAND MAIL ROUTE, OAHU.Leaves Honolulu at 10 a. m. on Monday, each week, for the circuit

of the Island, arriving back ·Wednesdaymorning. Mondays when theCalifornia Mail Steamers are expected, the overland· mail is delayedtill 10 a. m. Tuesday.

POSTMASTERS ON MAUl. MOLORAI AND LANAI.Lahaina T. W. Everett Haiku 8. T. Alexander'Vailuku E: H. Bailey Kahului.. T. H. HobronMakawao W. L. Davis Kipahulu T. K. Clarke~ana A. Unna Kaunakakai.. R. 'V. MeyerUlu·palakua Mrs. Makee Kaluaaha J. LimaKaupo :r. 'VilIs Lanai Jessie Moorhead

OVERLAND MAIL ROUTES, MAUl.From Lahaina.to Wailuku, Kahului, Makawao, Haiku and Ulupa­

lakua-on Tuesdays or Wednesdays.From Lahaina .to Kaanapali and Kahakuloa, weekly, on arrival of

steamer Likelike.From Ulupalalma .to Hana] weekly, on arrival of Likelike mails.From Haiku to Hana, weeKly, on arrival of Kilauea Hou mails.From Kahului to Makawao and Haiku, weekly, on arrival of

steamer Kilauea Hou.POS'fMASTERS ON HAWAll.

JIilo L. Severance Kailua W. H. DavisKawaihae C. Stackpole Kealakekua H. N. GreenwellKukuihaele G. Trousseau Pahala T. C. 'VillsWaipio W. H. Holmes Waiohinu C. Meinecke'Vaimea Rev. L. L:yons Hookena D. K. NahinuKohala, Halawa Dr. J. Wight Hoopuloa D. L.. KeliikuliKohala, Puehuehu Jas. Richardson

ROUTE AGENTS, HAWAIl.Laupahoehoe W. Lidgate I Honok;aa 'V. Dart

OVERLAND MAIL ROUTES, HAWAIl.From Hilo to Kawaihae, leaves weekly, on Monday, and to Kau

Thursday, on arrival of steamer Likelike.From Kau to Kona, leaves weekly, on Monday.From Kawaihae to Kona and Kau, leaves on arrival of steamer

Likelike,This Mail Service around Hawaii is intended .to be a weekly service

of the circuit of the Island.POSTMASTERS ON KAUAI.

Lihue O. ScholzIWaimea S. P. HanchettK?loa E. Strehz Hanalei. C. KoellingKIlauea R. A. r.lacfie Kapaa ~ G. H. Dole

OVERLAND MAIL ROUTES, KAUAI.Leaves Lihuil for Koloa, Waimea and Hanalei on arrival of

Steamer, every Tuesday, returni.ng every Friday.

55

HAWAllAN REGISTERED VESSELS.

MERCHAN1'MEN, WHALERS, AND TRADERS.

ltEGIBTEn.. CLASS. NAME. TONS. REGISTERED OWNERS.---- -- ---14~ new Schr Giovanni Apiant. ••••• 85 92.9.'\ J a. I Dowsett150 .. Bark Kale •••.•••.••••••••••• 867 73.95 II Hackfeld154 .. Bark Mattie ~facleay•••••••. 308 65.95 J a. I Dow.ett164 .. Bcrtn Pomare..••..•••••••••• 2'.lO 45.95 H H ~I Minister of~Jnterior168 .. B~ig Julia)f Avery•••••.••• 178 11.95 Chao K Clark173 ..

~~~iElise •••••••••••••••••• 31277.95 Chas K Clark

175 " Iolani •.•.•••••••••••.• 9",14 76.95 H Hackfeld192 " Bgtn Stormbird •..••.•••..•• 130 69.95 II II ~I Minl.ter of Interior193 .. Bark KaJakaua••••••••.••••. 404 89.95 PC Jones, Jr '~J " Bark LilIu..••••••••••••••••• 701 71.95

~eil1i: ~I:I~:~~ of Interior206 " Bark Ha\\o·aii •••••••••• ·•••••• 41788.9.')210 .. Schr Julia A Long•••••••••• 187 89.95211 " Scbr Kaluna..•••..•••••••••• 86 44.95 A F Cooke, W L Wilcox'217 .. Bark StarlI/(ht ..•.••••••••.• 636 2.95 J S Walker

COASTERS.

llEGISTER. CLASS. NAME. TONS. REGISTERED OWNERS.---- - -------1---1-------------170 new Schr Kulamann............. 96 34.95 Allen & Robinson, C ]If Cooke166" Schr Nettie Merrill •.••••••. 158 Ti.95 Henry Turton174" Schr Catarina Aplani Long 43 85.95 Allen & Robinson171 old Schr Manuokawal.......... 51 45.95 Tho. R Fo.ter176 new Schr Kekauluohi........... 53 89.95 Allen & Robinson

.~~:: ~~g~ ~:[~~~:::::::::::::::: 1~ ~~:~~ f:a~~e~:~:::r158" Schr Ka Moi.. •••••••••••.•• 154 16.95 T H Hobron130 Schr Keoni Ana............. 26 42.95131 Schr Pauahi •••••••••••••• ',' 111 38.95 Allen & Robinson69" Sloop Wailek •. , ••. •••••• •••• 15 36.95 Ifnhao (w)

161" Sohr Kapiolani............. 10 78.95 I Grube68" Schr Prince................. 85 41.95 Thos R Foster

115" Schr Warwick •••••••••••••• 23 29.95 Jacob Brown177" Stmr Likelike •.••.•••.•••••• 596 58.95 Samuel G Wilder179" Schr Leahi .•..•••••••••••••. 103 24.95 Allen & Robin.on,180" Schr ",Tailele ''-0._'' 75 85.95 Cooke, Alexander, Wilcox & Wilcox129" Schr Jenny •..••• , ••••.•••.• 63 4.95 T R Foster and J Brown, tru.tees41" Schr Rob Roy. . ••• •• •• •••• •• 2.'> 38.95 J as I Dow.ett

182" Sloop Kulamanll............. 8 24.95 ~l P Robinson20:3" Sloop Hae Hawaii........... 9 12.9~ E Kahelemake145" Schr Kalliki................ 7 64.95 Ja. I Dow.ett155" !:'chr Mile Morris.•.••••••••• 22 32.95 Jas I Dowsett142" Schr Uilama................ 78 B MAllen117" Schr Kinall •..••••••.••••••• 41 59.95 Ja. I Dowsett183" Schr Haleakala •.••••••••••• 116 75.95 Allen & Robiuson, C Afong~~:: Schr Mary E Fo.ter•••.••.•• 116 6.95 Tho. R Foster187" Schr Waioli •.••.•••••.•. ; •• 65 68.95AF,CW,andCM Cooke,.W L Wilcox

Schr Hannani.: •.•••••.••••• 13024.95 T R Fo.ter, Jacob Brown188" Schr Waiehu •..•••••••.••••• 6037.95 W L Wilcox, W McCandless, A F Cooke189" Schr Pato................... 95 8.95 Reed & Si.son190" Stmr Kilauea Hou.••.••••••• 271 10.95 T H Hobron rAlexander19t" Schr Waimall1. ••• •••••• •••. 95 97.95 A F Cooke, W Land S W Wilcox, S T~;:;;:: Stmr Waimanalo •••••.•..•• 49 81.95 Waimanalo SUll"ar Company

Stmr Mokolii................ 96 78.~5 S G Wilder197" Schr Liholiho.•••••••••••••• 122 35.95 Thos R J;'o.ter211" Schr Liliu................... 85 69.95 C M and A F Cooke, W L Wilcox

~.. ~~h: f~~~o.I~~~i.~:~~~::::::::I~ ~:~g il~e;;~~~blnson20·1 U Stmr Lehua 217 91.95 ~ G 'Vilder205'~ Schr . l!.)kno]a............... 17 10.95 J H Black207" Stmr .James ~lakee.••••••••• 244 15.?5 T R Foster, J Br~wn, Mrs Godfrey208 U Schr MaIolo 133 65.95 Alexander, Cooke &Co2021

95

:: Schr Geueral Sie/(el......... 39 12.95 A F Cooke, W L Wilcox, G P CastleSchr Kanikeaoull 139 70.9') Allen & R"bln.on

216" Schr ,Jennie Walker." ••••••37 85.~? William Greig rfrey. J Brown218" Stmr C RBI.hop •.•••••••••• 281 36.• ~ T R Foster, G N Wilcox, Mn C E God-219" Schr Mana••••••...••••••••• 107 10.95 A F Cooke, W L Wilcox~13" Sloop Sl\rllh.... •••• 6 21.95 W F Williams

56

SUGAR PLANTATIONS AND MILLS.

Those marked with an asterisk (*) are planters only. Those markedwith a dagger (t) are mills only. All qthers are plantations complete,owning their own mills. .Kaupakuea Plantation Hilo, Hawaii C AfongM;~ahanaloaPla~tation Hil?i Hawaii..: C Afong"al1uku PlantatIOn 'Val uku, MaUl C Brewer & CoAkanaliilii & Co's Plant'n Makawao, Maui C Brewer &. CoEast Maui Plantation Makawao, Maui C Brewer & CoHuelo Plantation* Hamakua, Maui. C Brewer & CoOnomea Plantation Hilo, Hawaii. : C Brewer & CoPaukaa Plantation ; Hilo, Hawaii C Brewer & Co

. Honomu Plantation Hilo, Hawaii. C Brewer & CoPrinceville Plantation Hanalei, Kauai.. C Brewer & CoHawaiian Agricultural Co · Kau, Hawaii C Brewer & CoKaneohe Plantation Kaneohe, Oahu C Brewer & CoHitcncock & Co's Plant'n Hilo, Hawaii Castle & CookeKohala Plantation Kohala, Hawaii Castle & CookeWaialua Plantation Waialua, Oahu Castle & CookeHaiku Plantation No I} H 'k' C tl & C kHaiku Plantation No 2 al u, MaUl as e 00 eHamakua Plantation Hamakua, Maui.. Castle & CookeKaalaea Plantation Kaalaea, Oahu T H DaviesUnion Mill Co Kohala, Hawaii. T H Davies.Niulii Plantation Kohala, Hawaii T H DaviesBeecroft Plantation* }Hawi Millt........ Kohala, Hawaii. T H DaviesMontgomery & Co's Plant'n'"Hamakua Plantation"""} H k H" T H D .Hamakua Millt. ama ua, awan.............. aVles'Waiakea Plantation"' } H'l H .. T H D .Waiakea Millt 10, awan....................... aVlesW Lidgate & Co's Plantation Laupahoehoe, Hawaii T H DaviesKipahulu ~Iillt Hana, Maui TH DaviesOokala Plantation Hilo, Hawaii H Hackfeld & CoPioneer Mill Lahaina, Maui H Hackfeld & CoOlowalu Plantation Lahaina, Maui H Hackfeld & CoHana Plantation Hana, Maui. H Hackfeld & CoKipahulu Plantation"' Hana, Maui.. H Hackfeld & CoGrove Ranch Plantation Makawao, Maui.. H Hackfeld & CoLilikoe Plantation HaikUhMaui.. H Hackfeld & CoHeeia Plantation Kaneo e, Oahu H Hackfeld & CoWaianae Sugar Co \Vaianae, Oahu H Hackfeld & CoWaimanalo Sugar Co ;\Vaimanalo, Oahu H Hackfeld & CoKoloa Plantation Koloa, Kauai.. H Hackfeld & CoKekaha Mill Cot Wainae, Kauai.. H Hackfeld & CoKilauea Plantation Kilauea, Kauai. H Hackfeld & CoGrove Farm* Puna, Kauai. H Hackfeld & CoHanamaulu Plantation'" Puna, Kauai H Hackfeld & CoLihuePlantation Lihue, Kauai.. H Hackfeld & CoKekaha Plantation· Waimea, Kauai...E Hoffschlaeger & CoMa~ee Plantation Ulup'alakua, ¥aui :W G Irw!n & CoWalhee Sugar Co Walhee, Maul. W G Irwm & Co.Hawaiian Commercial Co Maui.. W G Irwin & Co:Makee Sugar Co , Kealia, Kauai.. W G Irwin & CoKealia Plantation Kealia, Kauui W G Irwin & Co

57

NaalehuPlantation Kau, Hawaii W G Irwin & CoHilea Sugar Co Kau, Hawaii W G Irwin & CoStar Millt Kohala, Hawaii W G Irwin & CoHakalau Plantation Hilo, Hawaii W G Irwin & CoCosta's Plantation Hilo, Hawaii W G Irwin & CoPaauhaU l\Iillt Hamakua, Hawaii.. W G Irwin & CoPaauhau Plantatiori* Hamakua, Hawaii.. W G Invin & CoSpencer's Plantation Hilo] Hawaii.. G W Macfarlane & Co'Vaikapu Plantation WaiKapu, Maui...G W Macfarlane & CoKamaloo Plantation Molokai. J McColganHonokaa Sugar Co Hamakua, Hawaii...F A Schaefer &; CoPacific Sugar Mill Hamakua, Hawaii...F A Schaefer & CoEleele Plantation Koloa, Kauai.. F A Schaefer & CoHalawa Plantation Kohala, Hawaii J T 'VaterhouseLaie Plantation Laie, Oahu J'r WaterhouseNiu Plantation Waialae, Oahu J C WhiteMoanui Plantation Molokai 'Vong Leong & Co

NOTE.-Circuiars were addressed to the Managers of the.various plantationsduring the past Summer for the names of all parties planting cane adjoiningthem, together with the number of acres under cultivation, with the hope ofarriving at a correct estimate of the planting interest. Our thanks are due tothose who willingly responded, but as the majority have failed to reply, we arewithout sufficient data to make it an object to alter the foregoing list at present.

MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF KAMEHAMEHA I.,INSTITUTED BY KAMEHAMEHA V., 1865.

KNIGHTS GRAND CEOSS.

HIS MA.JESTY THE KING.Chal1es R. Bishop, Chancellor of the

Order.E. H. Allen.H.R.H. Prince Alfrea, Duke of Edin-

. burgh.- _H.R.H. Frederick, Grand Duke of

Baden.H.I. and R.A.}!. Francis Joseph, Em­

peror of Austria and King ofHungary.

H.M. Louis II., King of Bavaria.H.M. Charles 1., lUng of Wurtemburg.H.R.H. Louis III., Grand Duke of

Hesse.Don Manuel Ranees Villanueva, of

Spain. _Don Juan Tomas Comyn, of Spain.Don Bonifacio de BIas, of Spain.Marquis D'Azeglis.A. S. Cleghorn. -John O. Dorninis, Secretary and Treas-

urer of the Order.H.R.H. Thomas, Duke of Genoa.C. C. Harris.H.M. Wilhelm I., Emperor of Germany.H.I.H. Frederick Wilhelm, Crown Prince

of Germany.H.M. Humbexto I., King of Italy.

S

KNIGHTS COMMANDER.

Charles G. Hopkins.C. de Varigny.William Martin, H.M. Charge d'Affaires

and Consul-General at Paris.Manley Hopkins, H.M. Charge d'Affaires

and Consul-General at London.Alfred Blanche de'Billing, of France.Ferd. W. Hutchison. -Baron von Petz, Admiral Austrian Navy.Von Wiplinger, Captain Austrian Navy.Stephen Spencer.Dr. Edward Hoffmann, Consul for Aus-

tria and Hungary.Don Enrique Martos.E. von Hasslocher.M. de Moltke, of Denmark.M. de Stackleburg, of Denmark. .C. E. De Long, late U. S. Minister

Plenipotentiary in Japan, and Min­ister Plenipotentiary for His Ha·.waiian MaJesty in Japan.

H. A. Widemann.J.-Mott Smith.Paul Kanoa.Count Cam. Candiani d'Olivola, of

Italy.M.le Chevalier Raffaele Volpe, of Italy.John H. GassIer, H.H.M. Charge d'Af­

faires, Germany.

58

1

Baron· Leop. Frederick Hoffmann, ofAustria.

Joseph Chevalier de Schwegel, ofAustria.

Rear-Admiral John J. Almy.Captain Wm. E. Hopkins.Captain G. E. Temple.H. A. P. Carter.W. F. Allen.General Edward M. McCook.Baron de la Roncere Ie Noury,. Vice-

Admiral, France.Mons. Charles Maunoir.F. A. Schaefer.Captain Graf von l\Ionts.Captain Fricherr von Reibnitz.Hermann Schulze.J. C. Glade.Charles H. Judd.George Paul Andreas Humbert, Actual

Chancellor LejZation, etc., Berlin.Sir Thomas G. F. Hesketh, Bart.

:KNIGHTS COMPANION.J. C. Pfluger, Vice-Consul for Russia.Stephen H. Phillips.Rt. Rev. T. N. Staley.W. W. F. Synge, late H.B.M. Commis··

sioner and Consul-General.Thomas Spencer.William C. Parke.William Hillebrand.Robert Stirling.V. Schonberger, H B 1\-1 Consul at Vienna.Joseph Hugo Schonberger, of Austria.John Kleissl, of Austria.Adolph Plason,of Austria.Lieut. Com. William Henry Whiting.Colonel William N. Wherry.J. M. Kapena.Mons. Ie Baron Rene Reille.R.A.Lyman.Franz Edouard Gottlieb Loss, Aulic.

Chancellor, etc., Berlin.F.W. Neff, Aulic. Chancellor, etc., Berlin.

:MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF KALAKAUA.INSTITUTED 1876.

KNIGHTS GIlAND CROSS.

HIS MAJESTY THE KING.His Excellency J. O. Dominis, Chan-

cellor.His Excellency E. H. Allen.Honorable C. C. Harris:Honorable C. R. Bishop.Honorable A. S. Cleghorn.H.M. Francis Joseph of Austria.H.R.H. Prince Henry of Prussia.

GIlAND OFFICERS.

His Excellency W. L. Green.His Excellency H. A. P. Carter.Prince R. Gledroye, Chamberlain to

H.I.M. the Emperor of Russia.Honorable A. F. Judd.Honorable J. Mott Smith.Honorable J. M. Kapena.Archibald MacLean, Captain in the

German Navy.William C. Martin, Hawaiian Charge

d'Affaires, Paris.Dr. Johannes Rosing, Sup. Privy Coun­

cillor, Germany.Herr Heinrich von Kusserow, Privy

Councillor of Legation, Germany.KNIGHTS COMMANDER.

Honorable S. N. Castle.Honorable A. S. Hartwell.Honorable E. O. Hall.Honorable S. G. Wilder.H. W. Severance, Hawaiian Consul, San

Francisco.Edward Reeve, Hawaiian Consul-Gen­

eral, Sydney.

Honorable W. F. Allen, Secretary andTreasurer.

Honorable H. A. Widemann.Claus Spreckels.Baron Albert von Seckendorff, of Prus·

sia.Hans Kaester. Captain German Navy.Charles de Livron, Captain Russian

Navy.H. A. Berger, Hawaiian Consul-General

for Sweden and Norway.

KNIGHTS COMPANION•.

Honorable John P. Parker.Honorable Charles H. Judd.Pitkin C. Wrlght.C. Van Dyke Hubbard, of California.Major C. T. Gulick.Honorable H. Kuihelani.Honorable A. Fornander.Guido von Usedorn, Lieutenant German

Navy.August von Heeringen, Unter-Lienten­

ant German Navy.Nichalaus Reitzenstem, Lieutenant Rus-

sian Navy.George W. Macfarlane.William D. Alexander.Honorable Walter M. Gibson.William H. Dimond.John D. Spreckels.Henry Rmmenschrieider.Da Fonsaca Wollheim, Lieutenant Rus­

sian Navy.Albrecht Heimich Paul Landt, Privy

Registrar Foreign Office, Berlin.

59

LEGEND OF MAUl-SNARING OF THE SUN.

BY REV. A. O. FORBES.

~{aui wae the son of Hina-lau-~e and Hina, and they dwelt at aplace called :Makalia above Kahakuloa, on West :MauL Now hismother, Hina, made kapas. And as she spread them out to dry, thedays were so short that she was put to great trouble and labor inhanging them out and taking them in day after day until they weredry. 1\Iaui seeing this was filled with pity for ber, for tbe days wereso sbort tbat no sooner bad sbe got her kapas all spread out to drytban tbe sun went down and she bad to take them in again. So bedetermined to make tbe sun go slower. He first went to \Vailobi, inHamakua, on East Maui, to observe the motions of tbe sun. Tberehe saw tbat tbe sun rose towards Hana. He tben went up on Hale­akala and saw tbat tbe sun in bis course came directly over tbatmountain. He tben went bome again, and after a few days, went toa place called Paeloko, at \Vaill.ee. There he cut down all the cocoa­nut trees, and gathered the fibre of the cocoanut husks in greatquantity. This he manufactured into strollg cord. One 1\Ioemoe,seeing this, said tauntingly to bim, "'fhou will never catch the sun.'fhou art only an idle nobody." 1\Iaui answered, "\Vben I conquermy enemy, and my desire is attained, I will be your death." So hewent up Haleakala again, taking his cord with him. And when thesun rose above where he was stationed, he prepared a noose of thecord and casting it, snared one of the sun's larger rays and broke itoff. So he snared and broke off, one after another, all tbe strong raysof the sun.

Then shouted he exultingly, "Thou art my captive, and nowl willkill thee for thy going so swiftly." And the sun said, "Let me live,and thou shalt see me go more slowly hereafter. Behold hast thounot broken off all my strong legs, and left me only the weak ones?"

So the agreement was made, and 1\Iaui permitted the sun to pursuehis course, and from tbat time on be went more slowly, and that isthe reason wby the days are longer at one season of the year than atanother. It was this that gave the name to that mountain; whichshould properly be called Alehe-ka-la(sun snarer), and not Haleakala.

And when Maui returned from this exploit, he went to find 1\Ioemoe,who had reviled him. But that individual was not at home. Hewent on in his pursuit till he came upon 1\Ioemoe at a place calledKawaiopilopilo, on the shore to tbe eastward of the Black Rock~

called Kekaa, north of Lahaina. :Moemoe dodged him uphill anadown, until at last, 1\Iaui, growing wrathy, leaped upon and slew thefugitive. And tbe dead body was transformed into a long rock, wbichis there to this day by the side of tbe road going past "Black Rock."

Our next issue has the promise of an article on the varieties ofbananas growing on these Islands, which the compiler has foundalready to number fifty-seven, witb several districts yet to hear from.It was undertaken for this issue, but has grown beyond the timeallotted owing to the. kinds being more numerous than were sup­posed to exist.

60

OASUALTIES OF SHIPPING CONNECTED WITH THE PORTOF HONOLULU, 1880.

December 1st, 1879, British bark Tokatea, which left NewcastleOctober 9th for this port with a cargo of coal for 'Wilder & Co., struckOn Vostok Island and became a total loss. 'l'he crew took to the boatsand landed at Tahiti December 17th.

January 10th, 1880, Hawaiian steamer ~fokolii went ashore abouttwo miles north of Lahaina at 4 A. 111. 'Vas floated off again at 10.30P. 111. without serious damage.

January 14, Hawaiian schooner Kamaile went ashore at Waialua,Oahu, and became a total loss.

.Tanuary 19th, American tern Hera touched on the reef at Kahului,Maui l but sustained no serious damage beyond loss of a portion offalse Keel and throwing overboard about fifteen tons of coal.

February 26th, schooner Prince, on her trip from Hawaii to thisport, was washed by a heavy sea, and a passenger and one of the crewswept overboard. The vessel was put back and the seaman saved, butthe passenO'er was lost. .

:March 28, schooner lVaioli, in crossing the Oahu Channel, shipped aheavy sea, which washed overboard six passengers, four of whichwere recovered, and two were drowned.

March 14th, P. M. S.s. City of Sydney took fire at her dock in SanFrancisco, destroying nearly all of the Honolulu freight. Aboutforty feet of the deck and four beams had to be replaced. Cause offire unknown.

May 14th, American barkentine Joseph Perkins, in attempting tobeat· out of Kahului harbor, missed stays and went onto the reefbetween Kahului and Waihee, and became a total loss.

June 6th, Hawaiian schooner Eugenia A. Briggs (formerly Amer­ican schooner Joseph Wolley) went ashore at Huelo, Maui, andbecame a total wreck. She was en route to Honokaa, Hawaii, andhad a full cargo on board, which was also lost.

September 6th, Hawaiian steamer C. R. Bishop touched on a. reefoff l\£olokai, sustaining damage which necessitated heaving out forrepairs. •

November 13th, Hawaiian schooner Mary Ellen (formerly Kekau­luohi) went ashore at Hanalei in attempting to beat out of the harbor.'Vas insured for $3500.

RAIN RECORD FOR 1879.80.

DrH~~~~~~D, ~~u':~:1~: ~u~~n4:r: Jw~i2:':~' w. ~atll:;:'Dder,18"8~'l9. 18'l'9-EO.

November 1'.52 4.98 P.98 4.46 3.70 7.42December 8.86 10.71. 12.13 14.39 4.93 0.97January 2.90 4.01... 6.59 3.05 9.5.1 2.05February ,. 4.93 7.05 10.84 3.30 5.45 4.34lIIarch 2.88 4.72 8.15 2.1.8 0.59 1.01April 1.59 3.82 12.84 0.59 2.29 1.051Ilay 0.18 0.75 3.12 0.19 1.14 0.00June 0.99 2.001 4.85 2.14 0.14 0.46July 6.m 7.39 10.80 4.07 0.~1 2.13August 0.84 1.97 3.04 1.32 0.19 0.65September 1.02 2.55 5.53 1.78 0.83 0.37October 1.6.1 1.98 4.22 0.65 0.22November 8.23 8.62........ 9.38 7.42 4.00

Totals for 13 months..43.60 60.58 100.57 37.49 24.67

61

RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR 1880.

Our retrospect article for 1879 closed with a sad record. The' newyear, however, opened with new life and hope, and the weatherthrough all the Islands has been remarkably pleasant throughout,the rainfall being distributed with an evenness quite noticeable­with the exception of an excess reported in the Hilo district duringthe Summer months. This even distribution of moisture through theyear and the continuance of the "trade-winds" with but slight inter­ruptions until the month of October, has given us a uniform temper­ature attended with little of the sickness that marked the previousyear. The sanitary condition of Honolulu has had the attention ofthe Health authorities, and some of the evils that existed have beenmaterially modified. The necessity of sewerage for Honolulu hasbeen growing upon us more rapidly of late. A report was presentedtt) the last Legislature by the MInister of Interior, an appropriationsecured, and a special law enacted to meet the case, and it is to behoped that steps will soon be taken in the matter.

Nearly all the period under review has been one of peculiar unrestand anxiety, in a political sense mainlYj and in so small a Kingdomits effects soon became apparent. The result of this and also of thecontinued scarcity of labor for the various agricultural enterprises is,that the Islands have not enjoyed that degree of prosperity whichwas anticipated, though all else seems to have contributed to oursuccess. '

Elections in the various districts of the Islands for Representativesoccurring in February, it became; evident, early' in the yeal", that aninfluence was at work to defeat the efforts to have men of experienceand worth elected to those honorable positions, and to secure theelection of those who would be pliant to schemes of crafty lobbyists.It is the more to be regretted that this evil has been growing on thecountry each session. It was so apparent this xear that the Ministersof Interior and Finance publicly avowed that It was contrary tD theiradvice and counsel. Unfortunately underhanded schemes prevailed,and the session of the Legislature that followed entertained rashmeasures, voted moneys with recklessness and passed bills thatcreated alarm for the nation's well-being, some of which fortunatelyfailed to receive the Royal signatnre necessary to their becoming law.The "want of confidence" scheme will long be remembered, not onlyfor the failure of the plotters to unseat a Ministry that had the con­fidence of the moneyed interests of the country, but for the suddendemand for the surrender of their portfolios within an hour of pro­roguing the Legislature and the substitution therefor of a Cabinetcomposed of Messrs. Moreno, Bush, Jones, and Kuaea, whose acts, inthe short term of their administration, have brought no little compli­cation for the Kingdom of Hawaii among the leading nations.

The meetings that followed, expressive of pUblic sentiment, weredecided in their tone, and met an almost unanimous response through­out the Islands, which has been echoed back to us from foreign lands, ,Petitions were the order of the day, but apparently of no availjundthe act of the Ministry in demanding the recall of the representativesof the United States, England, and France, brought the countr.y intointernational difficulties that called for the ablest and most expel'lencedmen in the community to take portfolios as Cabinet Ministers, toretrieve as much as possible the injuries that had been done. Theeffort made by the purchase of the Commercial Advertiser to make it'the mouthpiece of the late Ministry and nullify opposition, brought'!'Out the same week the est~blishmentof the Saturday Press, a paper.

62

got up virtually by the people, and for the people, and whose out­spoken tones, together with the consistent course of the Gazette, havedone much to save the country from ignomy and disgrace.

Next to our political status labor has been, and promises yet to be,the vital question of these Islands. There have been free arrivals ofChinese, Portuguese, and South Sea Islanders since our last writing,but the demand is not met. There is a prospect of more near at hand,including a number of Norwegians/ which it is hoped will relieveplanters of their difficulties. The Chlllese are found to prefer engagingwith their own people in the cultivation of rice, rather than to engageon sugar plantations, while the South Sea Islanders have not provedall that was hoped for in them, being unused to the climate and work,and the Portuguese have not been much of a relief to plantations aslaborers, they preferring work of other kinds. 'rherefore it is thatplantations are finding themselves getting shorter handed each monththrough expiring contracts failing to be renewed, and no new helpcoming in to take their places, while wages and advances have beenconstantly increasing. The most urgent need for labor is felt on allsides,and the Board of Immigration is doing its utmost in the matter,with the possible prospect of looking again to India as a source ofrelief, which, if obtainable at all, must be at a great expense.

Our sugar product this year will probably fall short of the amountthat was estimated, from 3000 to 5000 tons, wholly from the above­mentioned want of labor; a number of the plantations having hadcane ruined in the field for want of hands to care for ·it, while othershave been delayed in their building and getting into working orderfrom the same cause. The necessity of labor-saving machinery is felton all sides, and where practicable, steam plowing and traction enginesare being introduced, reducing materially the hands and saving incattle and pasture land formerly required for this class of work. Oursugar interest therefore shows no material extension from last year'slist, and while all of the new large mills will be in.complete workingorder, yet in view of the universal want of labor it is considered bythe best authority on these matters safe to place the estimate of tbesugar crop of 1880-81 at about 40000 tons. With the prospect of 3000Chinese and other laborers which are shortly expected, our plantationsought to yield more, and probably will.

The rice crop is rapidly extending, but confined principally to theIslands of Oahu and Kauai, lands suitable for which have been leasedat exorbitant rates. The export for ten months to November 1st, 1880,was 4,726,840 pounds, about equal to last year's full export.

We have not been able to arrive at a correct estimate of the yieldfor the coming year. It is noticeable that since the perfection of thetwo steam rice mills in this city tbe shipment of· paddy has ceasedentirely, all exports being of polished No.1 grade that comparesfavorablx in the American markets with No.1 Carolina. At presentwriting preparations are under way for another steam rice mill, nearthe Custom House, by Chinese parties.

The foreign shipping interests for the year has continued favorable,as was reported in our last issue, with the same marked preference oftrade with San Francisco as then shown. Out of a total of 235 arri­vals from November 1st, 1879, to November 1st, 1880, 92 were fromSan Francisco; and of the 330 departures for the same period, 98were for the same port. Tbis includes 11 arrivals and 10 departuresvia Kahului, Maui, and Hilo, Hawaii. This steady trade with SanFrancisco has virtually closed out the Oregon line that ran betweenHonolulu and Portland for so many years, our business now with allports north of San Francisco. being for lumber, for which there is alarge and steady demand. . \

63

The business of Honolulu has been quiet and uneventful this year,with little importation of heavy machinery, etc., for agriculturaldevelopment, the bulk of imports being goods for actual consumption.And it is a noticeable fact that we import nearly everything that weeat, drink, wear or use, and San Francisco is our principal source ofsupply. There was a time when certain districts furnished the marketwith potatoes} corn, wheat, and many other commodities, and localmills suppliea us with flour, meal, and bran, while the graziers andmall farmers supplied our need of meats, fowls, butter, eggs, etc., and

early export lists show sweet and Irish potatoes, oranges, cattle,horses, mules, etc., to have figured largely therein; but to-day thetables are turned against us. 'Ve are producers and exporters of sugar,rice, and a few other minor articles, but importers of all else.

By courtesy of Collector-General W. F. Allen, we find our importsfor the nine months of 1880, ending September 30th, to be $2,370,909 53.Of this amount $964,260 95 was for dutiable goods, $162,648 84 bonded,$1,179,119 26 free by treaty, and $84,880 48 free by Civil Code, as alsospecie to the amount of $395,082 25. Last year for the same periodour imports were $2,460,980 80.. San Francisco claims to have fur­nished the Isl:mds in the ten months ending November 1st withmiscellaneous merchandise to the amount of $1,595,311. Our totalexports for the same period we find to be $3,974,311 72, which showsa gain over last year's similar period.

A very important and interesting feature fully developed this yearhas been the success in artesian well boring on the properties ofMessrs. Marques and Judge MCCullYl

near Honolulu, both of whomhave obtained excellent flowing weI s. Boring is now going on atdifferent parts of the plains, Honolulu, and at Waianae and Waima­nalo on Oahu, as also on Maui and Kauai. The credit, however, forthe pioneer in this heretofore questionable and expensive undertakingis due to Mr. James Campbell, who inaugurated well-boring the yearprevious on his Honouliuli property, Ewa. -

'We take pleasure in recording the organization of the HawaiianRailroad Company to facilitate the opening up of the windward dis­tricts of Hawaii, and that Mr. S. G. 'Vilder has taken the matter inhand to put it through early from Niulii, to near Mahukona, Kohala,contemplating a branch also to the Hamakua district. Of CaptainHobron's Wailuku Railroad, Maui, we learn it is his intention to carryit beyond Hamakuapoko into Makawao proper at an early date.

Building improvements in Honolulu have continued through theyear with unabated activity, both in wooden and more substantialbrick edifices. principal of- which is the Palace and Music Hall.Store extensions have been frequent, especially in the Chinatown dis­tricts in Nuuanu, King, Hotel, and Maunakea streets. Cottages havebeen erected in all parts of the town, and new styles seem to be- theorder. The most noticeable improvements undertaken and in con­templation are on the plains to the east of Honolulu proper. This hasgiven steady employment to our mechanics throughoutjJorwhich fairrates of wages have ruled. i. Real estate has kept at full figures throughout the year for Honoluluproperty, though a number of foreclosed parcels situate in other parts.of the Islands several weeks since were sadly sacrificed. Building lotson the plains sold at auction by the Government the past Summeraveraged over $500, the lots ranging about 100 feet frontage by 150 feetin depth. . .

Honolulu has been whQlIy free from fires the past year, and with,the newly-appointed Fire Marshal carrying out the rules of the Fire­Department, liabilities to conflagrations are being lessened.

64

The table of exports for the three quarters of 1880 as compared withthe same period of 1879, on page 25, shows a slight gain in value, butwith our list principally confined to sugar and rice. Coffee is on thewane, and reports from its districts speak disparagingly of its pros­pects. \Vool continues about the same, while pulu-once "King"-hrnow but little known.

Our coasting fleet this year has proved fully equal to all demandsthereon, and a glance at our Marine Casualties for the year-page 60­shows a smaller list of misfortunes than usual in this branch of ourservice. The table of Hawaiian Registered Vessels, on page 55, shows,a slight increase both in sailing and steam coasters. Honolulu nowenjoys steam communication with nearly all ports of the Kingdom,Kauai being favored with two regular packets each week. We learnthat another-steamer is contemplated shortly, to be placed on the Kanroute; to bring that distant portion of His Majesty's domains inweekly communication with the metropolis.

At present writing the principal business houses of Honolulu, asalso a number of private residences, are being connected by the Cen­tral Telephone System. This is a Chartered Joint Stock Company,working under the Bell patents with Blake transmitters} for whichsubscribers pay a monthly rental of six dollars. As the hnes extendand patrons increase, its advantages will be considerably enhanced.Maui has its telegraph and telephone lines, and Kauai has secured acharter for a telephone line also.

\Ve record here, in closing, the recent eruptions of Mauna Loa, thefirst of which occurred November 5th, 1880, near the summit, on theeastern side, with flows running down the northeast slope to theplateau towards Hilo, and a branch running in the direction of Puna.A second outbreak took place November 24th, a little to the east ofthe first. It is reported to be the most violent eruption known topresent inhabitants, but fortunately doing but little damage so far,as its course follows the flow of 1855-6. Kilauea has also partakenof renewed activity, overflowing the south lake and breaking out inanother locality. Visitors who have availed themselves of this oppor­tunity to witness Madam" Pele" in her wrath speak in glowing termsof its grandeur. Later accountij, however, report indications of itsquieting.

KOTE.-Thanks to the liberal advertising patronage which theAnnual enjoys, and the growing demand necessitating constantlyincreltsing editions the publisher is enabled to increase its letterpresswithout any alteration in price. While this issue is a few pages lessthan last, it is nevertheless fuller in material, and about double thesize of our first issue. It shall be our aim to show our appreciation ofthe acceptance of these labors, and make it in every way worthy theconfidence and support of the public. \Vith this plan in view wehave in preparation several articles to give it additional interest andenhance its value not only to residents here, but to readers abroad.

Back numbers can be had at any time from 1875-its first issue­price fifty cents per copy. Orders from abroad must include ten centseach for postage. A few copies bound-from 1875 to 1879, inclusive­are still on hand, price $3; mailed to the other Islands $3 20, or abroad$3 40. Remittancescan.be made in stamps, or U. S.currency.

65

GOVERNORS.Governor of Oahn, His-Ex J o Domlnls. Reei·-

dence. Washln~ton Place. Honolulu. .Governor of MaUl. His Ex J 0 Dominis,

Governess of Hawaii, II H Kekall1ike. Resi..,dence, Hllo.· ,Clerk, F S Lyman.

Governor of Kaual. His Ex F' W Beckley.Eesldence, Koloa•. Kaual.

9

HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1881,

DEPARTMENT OF .roDI~IARY.

Chief Justice Hon C C HarrisFirst Associate Justice Hon A F JuddSecond Associate Jnstice•.••.Hon L MCCUllaClerk J EBarnarDeputy Clerk A Rosa

TERMS oj' SUPREME COURT:Sitting at Honolulu, First Monday in January,

April, JulY,and October.Circuit Judges.

1st Circnit, Oahn ..• ,0-Cilfthe Judges of theSupreme Court.

2d Circuit, Maul. Hon A Fomander3d Circuit, Hawall ..HGllSFS Lyman, CF Hart,th Circuit, Kaual ••..•.•..•••..Hon J Hardy

TERMS OF CmemT eoURT:2d Circuit, (Maul), 1stTuesday.of June and ~~t

Tuesday of December; 3d CIrcuit, (Hawan),at Waimea. 1st Tuesday of Novemb~r; !itHilo 1st Tuesday of May;' 4th CirCUIt..(Kauai). 1st Tuesday of February and Au-

gust CLERKS oj' CIRCUIT COURT.'W 0 Atwater 2d Circuit; D H Hitchcock. 1st

Clerk 3d cirCUit, F Spencer 2d Clerk; ]'Bindt. 4th Circuit.

District Justices.OAHU..

R F Bickerton, P J; W L Wilcox,. Depu-ty _•.•••••••Hon~nlu

W G Needham _ wa.S W Kaaiholei WaianaeJ Kaluhl Wahilua and Koolauloa.J L Kaulukou Koolaupoko

MAUl•.H Kuihelani, P J* _ Wail~~~W F Mossman MakaS W Kaal. Hana and Ka'!poD Kamaiopl1l; P J _ Lahama.M Kealoha ; Honuaul~S K Kupihea MolokuS Kahoohalahala Lanai,

*E H Rogers, acting..KAUAI. Ih

R S IIapuku L ne·A W Maioho Koloa.J Kakanl. Hanalei and AnaholaF Sinclalr* NI,Ihau.J Kauai, PJ WaI.mca.Jas K Kaiwl Kawllihau,

*G Gay, acting.HAWAlll... H'I

P Haupu North I <»GW A Hapal.PJ HlIoJ P Miau HamakuaJ Makalmoku Naeole Puna.J H S Martin KauJ G Hoaplll North andSollth KonaP Kamakaala* North Kohaln..S H Mahnka South Kohala

*D S Kahookann, acting..

THE COURT.Hr8 MAJESTY, KALAKAUA, b. November 16,

1836; elected February 12, 1874, and Inau·gurated February 13,1874. Son of Kapaakeaand Keohokalole.

Her Majesty the QUEEN.b. Decem'>er 31, 1835.Her Royal Highness the Princess LILIUO­

KALANI. Heir Apparent, b. September 2,1838; m. September 16, 1862, to his Excel·lency ;Tohn Owen Domlnis. Governor ofOahu, K. G. C. of the Royal Orders of Kame­hameha and Kalakaua; Kt. Com. of the Or.ders of Francis Joseph andlsabella CatoUca;Member of the House of Nobles and of thePrivy Council of State, etc. Proclaimed HeirApp.arent to the Throne, April 11, 1877.

Her Royal IJIghness the Princess LIKE.LIKE, b. January 13, 1851; m. September22, 1870, to the Honorable Archibald ScottClegborn, K. G. C. of the Royal Orders .ofKanlehameha and Kalakaua; Member ofHouse of Nobles and of the PrIvy Council ofState; has Issue Her Royal HIghness thePrincess Victoria-Kawekiu-Kalulani-Lunall_Io-Kalaninuiahilapalapa. b. October 16. 1875.

Her :lI!ajesty the Dowager Queen EMMA. b.January 2, 1836; 111. to Kamehameha IV.June 19. 1856.

Her Royal Hip;hness RUTH KEELIKOLANI,sister to Their late Maiesties KamehamehaIV. and V.; b. Febrnary 9. 1818.

His Majesty's Chamberlain. Hon. C. H. JUDD.

HIS MAJESTY'S STAFF.Colonels W F Allen. Ed Hoffmann. C H Jndd.

C P lankea, and J H Boyd.Staff of the Governor or Oahu.

lIajors Gao W Macfarlane, Chas T Gnlick,and ~apt Antone Rosa.

HOUSE OF NOBLES.His Ex J 0 Dominis; Hons S K Kaal, J M

Kapena, S G Wilder, P Kanoa, CR BIshop.H A Kahanu, W T Martin, J P Parker IiKnihelanl, J MoananU. J I Dowsett, J.. SCleghorn. P lBenburg, SNCastle,GRhodesJ M Smith, C H Judd, J E BU&h. •

The Cabinet Mlni.ters hold seats In the Houseor Nohles .z officio.

THE KING'S CABINET.HIs I1IAJESTY, THE KING.

Nimsler of Interior His Ex HAP CarterMinislel of Finance Hls Ex J S WalkerMinister of For. Affairs •..Hls Ex W L GreenAttorney-General ••.. His Ex W N Armstrong

PRIVY COUNCIL OF STATE.HIS I1fAJESTY. THE KING.

Their Ex. W L Green. HAP Carter. J SW"lker. W N Armstrong. J 0 Dominis'Hons S G Wilder. J !I Kapena, S K Kaal, PKauo!i. E HAllen. E 0 Hall, J M Smith, WJ SmIth. C C Harris. A F Jndd, C R Bishop.A S Cleghorn, S N Castle, W C Parke, C IiJudd, W P Wood, G Rhodes, H J.. Wide.mannl H III Whitney, H A Kahanu J UKawa nui. J Moanau1JJ L McCully Ii Stir.ling, W FAllen, D Kahanu. M Kuaea, DLeleo Klnlmaka, :II! Mahuka, WilliamBnckle, .r E Bush, W l\[ Gibsou. C HJUdd, Secretary.

r

•

,.

••

66

HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR·1881.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.Minister ofInteriol' His Ex HAP CarterChief Clerk of Dept J A HassingerIJlerks-J S Smithies, J H Boyd, S WeyntonRegistrar of Conveyances..••...•.T BrownAssistant Registrar. . . . . .. . G BrownSun'eyor Ueneral W D AlexanderAssistant Surveyor C·J LyonsPostmaster-General. ..•...•.•.AP BrickwoodFirst Clerk, PO _ LPDu BoisSupt. Public Works R StirlingSupt. Water Works .. G D FreethClerk of Water Works W Anld

Board of Health.His Ex II A P Carter PresldentMembers-His Ex· J S Walker. Hon C H

Judd, Hon J JlIoanaull, Hon S G Wilder.J A Has8Iu~er SecretaryPort PhysicIan, F B Hutchinson, JlI DTRAVELING PHYSICIANS-Kohala, Hawaii, Ls.. Thompson; Physician to the Leper Set·

tlement, JlIolokal, Dr Chas Neilson; Kau,H N Vlneberg; Hamakna, G B Greenfield;\Yailuku. F HEndel's; l.ahaina, --;Makawao, A C :>taudart; Kaual, J KSmith; Honolulu, N B Emerson. .

.A.e:ents.,-T W Everett, Maul. L Severance.lIawal!. S W WllcoxJ Kaual. D Dayton,Oahu; J H. Brown. lor Honolulu. R W]lleyer. Jllolokal.

Hawaiian Board of Health.ColouelC HJudd PresidentMembers ..~ E P Edwards, J Moanauli

Commissionen of Crown Lands.HAP Carter, J S Walker. C II Judd, Agent.

Appraisers of Lands subject to Govern­ment Commutation.

Hawaii R A Lpnan, J H NawahlMaul, Molokai, and Lanal ...T W Everett, L

Aholo, D Kahalllelio.Oahu.. J S Smithies, C Brown,RFBickertonKaual. ........J Hardy, P KaliOa, J H Wana

Commissioners of Boundaries.Hawaii. R A LymanMaul, Molokal, and Lanal•..........L AholoOahu R F BickertonKauai. •..•••.....•...•.•••.....•.••••J Hardy

.. . Road Supervisors.Hawau-Hllo J F Jordan

North Kohala J SmithSonth Kohala S P WahlnenuiNorth Kona J W SmithSouth Kona H CooperKau ' W T MartinHamakua...••••..Charlcs WilliamsPuna JF Jordan

Maui-Lahaina D Tayl"r\Valluku H A LuscombHana.•.•••.••••..•.•••••.....•........Makawao J Keohokaua

Molokal. J LimaLanai.. Henry GibsonOahu-Kona C W HartKaual-Walmea and Nlihau V Knudsen

Koloa J HardyLihue and Kawaihau S W WilcoxlIanalel C Bertlemlln

Commissioners of Fences.HAWAn.

lIilo..C E Richardson, J Keahl, S L Austin,R A Lyman, K Paulo

Hamakua ........ J R Mills, J K KaunamanoNorth and South Kona.........M Barrett, H

Cooper, Kapae, J W SmithNorth Kohala Kamahu, J WoodSouth Kohala J Parker, S H MahukllKau....W T Jllartln, C N Spencer, S Kawaa,

DWKaaemoknMAUl.

:Makawao.....C II Dickey, D Crowningbnrg,l' Nnl

Hana C K Kakanl, M Pupuhl, D PuhiMOLOKAI R W Meyer, S Paulo, R Newton

OAHU.Kona....C J Lyons, J Moanauli, D Kahanu,

J S SmithiesEWH aud Walanae Kaikanahaole,. S

Prevlere, S Gandall .Walalua H Warden, J Amara, J F

AnderilOnKoolauloa Kaluhi, Nal1l,W GLaneKoolanpoko W E PII, G Barenaba, C If

JnddKAUAI.

Moloa and L1hue........W H Rice. BKaieo.Pahuwal

Agents to Acknowledge Contracts forLabor.

Oahu-Honolulu....C T GUllc.~: J U Kawai..nul, J A HaBslnger, w Auld, S ]I{Carter

Walalna ....C II Kalama, S NEmer­son, H N Kahulu:

Koolauloa W C LaneKoolaupoko G Barenaba, E P

Edward.Ewa and Walanae S Kaanaana, J D Holt:Hawall-Hilo L Severance, J H Pahio,

S K Mahoe, D K PaKona.....K Kamanoha, J \V SmithHamakua ....J K Ka;malllano, R P

Kulkahl, G W Wilfong, S FChilllngworth

North Kohala ....Chas L Hopkins,John Maguire .

South Kohala ......G Bell, J JonesKan....J Kauballe, J N Kapahu,

WW GoodalePlIna J N Kamoku

JlIanl-J,ahama K Nahaolelua, L AholoWalluku..J W Kalua, G E BoardmanMakawao G Gleudon, Jas SmythHana Kahele opio, J K Hanuna

Molokai and Lanal..J W M Poohea, G KeklplKaual-Koloa J D Neal, W II Deverill, Kn

Lihue J B· HanaikeHanalei J Kaae, J W LokaWaimea M Kamalenai, J NoddlesKawaihau..T Kalaeone, J M Kealo-

ha,J MahoeNlihau ., Kaomea

Board of Education·President...... ". .... .... .. Hon C R Bisho!>Jllembers-J M Smith, Hons G Rhodes, E 0

Hall, J U Kawllinul.Jnspector General of Schools D D BaldwinSecretary W J Smltb

67

HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1881.

Agents to take Acknowledgments to In­struments.

Hawaii-W C Bordeu, Hilo district; J WSmith, C N Spencer, J Kauhane, F Spen­cer, L .Ii: Swain, IIi, Kahookano, J R Mills,G Bell, C Meinecke, Kapahll

Malli-H Dickenson, T W.li:verett, C K Ka­kani, P N Makee, J D. Havekost, T NBirch, R Newton, Kaiua

MoJokai-R W Meyer, S K Knpihea, J WNakuina

Oahu-,W C Lane, S N Emerson, G Barcnaba,C Brown, J S Kaamaana, Kaliko

Kanai-F Blndt, S W Wilcox, G N Wileox,C Bertlemen, W H Deverill

Nlihau-C Kaheie

Commissioners of Private Ways andWater Rights.

HAWAII.

Hllo .••••••.•••••••.•••D Keawehano, KamaiHamakna......T F Mullis, J K Kaunamano,

J RMllIs .North and Sonth Kohala.......J Smith, S C

Luhiau, Z Kalai .. . .Kau........C N Spencer, J Kanhane, J H S

MartinMAUL.

Lahalna••••.•M Makalua., L .Aholo, D TaylorW81luku.......II W Damels, N Kapoikal, H

Kulhelanl •Makawao........J Keohokau8., Kekaha, J M

AlexanderIIana O Unna. C K I{akanl, 8 W KaalKaanapali J A Kaukau, J F KauJia, D II

KaialilliiMOUlI<Al•• F W Beckley, L Leparte, D Kailua

OAHU.

Kona......D Kahanu, J Moanauh, D K FyfeKoolaupoko e H Judd, Kane, G BarenabaKoolauloa W C Lane, Naill, J KaluhiWaialua J F Andersoll, S }l Emerson, J

KaiaikawahaEwa and Waianae.. S Kaanaana, A Kaollko,

H U MakiKAUAl,

Puna........ S W Wllcox, D Keahthula, A WMaioho

Waimea G B Rowell, V Knudsen, KuhaoaHanalei C Titcomb, A S Wilcox, Z Seka

Board of ImmiRTation,HI. Ex HAP Carter ; PresidentMembers-'l'heir En J S Walker, W LyrJ~iihHon· A F Judd, J M Kapena, W

J S Smithies ; Secretary

Notaries Pablie,Hawaii-Hllo D H HitchcockMaui-Haiku C H Dickey

Makawao W H HalsteadOahn-Honolulu J H Paty., T Brown, C 'I'

Gulick, C Brown, W R CasUeKauai-Waimea V Knudsen

Chamber of Commerce.President S N CastleVice·President•..•..••...•.•.••. ; C R BishopSecretary and Trensurer.....AJ Cartwright

DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.Mluister of For Affairs..•.. His Ex W L GreenSecretary of Dept Curtis P lauke&.HAWAIIAN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR AGENTS.

Mini.kr Resident.Washington, D C lIis Ex E HAllen

Charges d',Affairu and Cbn.ul. General.New York : ; E R Allen, jrLoudou, Eugland M HopkInSParis, France.. .. .. .. • • W W MartinGermany.... • J C PflugerLima Peru R II BeddyValparaiso. Chile D Thomas

Cbn.ul. General.HongkonKand Macao, China.••.. W KeswickSyduey, .N S W ·.A S WebsterYokohama, Japan 11 P LillibridgeSweden and Norway H A BiirgerBrussels, BelO' ....Ferd de Cannart d'HamaleCopenhagen, 'henmark ..••.•Julius Holmblad

Cbn.uls, d!c. •San Francisco, Cal. .. .• •.....H W SeverancePortland, Oregon .•.••.•••••• ; •••. J McCrakenBoston, Mass E 1<! BrewerLiverpool, England RC JanionFalmouth, England .••••.••••••••• W H BroadRa!l!s~ate,E'!gland•..••.•.••... '. A l? HodgesAUCKland, N Z •••••••••• , •.. D B CrmckohankMelbourne,. Victoria, .••••..•••.•. G N OakleyNewcastle.tNSW•..• · EA WhiteOtago, N II DriverPanama , R E CookeVictoria, B C R P RithetVienna, Austria ..••..••..•••••V SchonbergerGlasgow, Scotiand.••••..••..••••..... J DunnCork, Ireland.. .... • .. W D SeymourMarseilles, France A CouveHavre, France ; ..L de ~landrotBordeaux, France E de BoissaeGenoa, Italy R de LuchiCallao, Pcru S CrosbyYokohama. Japan Vice Con, R W IrwinHiogo, Japan Vice ConSUl, B R LewisNagasaki, Japan C L FisherKobe and Osaka, Japan. Vice Con S EndicottEdinburgh and Leith, :Scotl'd E G BuchananGrand Dnchy of Baden Baden H MiillerQueensland. Auotralia H A ThompsonHamburg, Germany F W Weber.Antwerp, Bclgium ; V Forge, jr .Rouen, France ..........•......•.C Schre8s1erBremen J F Miiller

~:~&:fr~re:.. :::: :::::::::::::':::J' iiu~~h~:O'::Fayal, Azores.. .. .. .. T F SerpaTasmania A CooteHull. Englaud 'V MoranCardiff and Swausea • II GoldbergLysckil, Sweden....V Ice Consul, H BergstromJduit •...Commercial Agent, J II HernsheinGhent Ernest C Delebecque

Foreign Representatives-Diplomatic.United States, Mimster Resident, His Ex Jas

M Comly. Residence. corner of Judd andLiliha streets.

En,gland, Commissioner and Consul General,James 11ay Wodehou... Residence, Emmastreet.

France, ACting Consul and Commissioner, J LRatard. Residence, School street.

E Purvis. Acting Chancellor French Legation.-

f

68

HAWAllAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1881.

Foreign Consuls, Etc.United State. (Acting)..... •• F P Hasting.US Vice Con.nl. F P Ha\;tinglBritish Vice Con.u!. T H Davie.Austro.Hungarian E Holfmann M DNetherland l J H PatBelgium (actiDlr) f YItaly F A Scha~ferPeru AJ CartwrightChile.: 08 BartowGerman Empire J C GladeSweden and Norway, ...•.•••••••••J C GladeRu.sia, VIce Con.ul J W P1IugerPortuga!... .. . .. .. .. . • J PerryJapan Commercial Agent J 0 CarterDenmark (Hana, Mani) A UnnaDenmark ·(Acting) H R MacfarlaneUS Con.ular Agent (i111o) T !;pencerSpain R W LaineChinese Commercial Agent ....••Chung FangU S C~n.ularAgent...(Kahului)...AF Hopke

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.Minister of Finance .......Hi. Ex J S Walker

~fi~~[~~3~;;'~~l~f~~~~~~~::::::wGl.m~~Deputy ColIector E R HendryHarbor Master of Honolulu..•. Capt ~FulIer

{capt. A McIntyre,

Pilots In Honolulu....... W Babcock, andP P Shepherd

Port Surveyor ......... ; .......W A Markham

Honolulu Fire Department.Organized 1851. Annual Election ofEngineer.

]<'ir.t Monday 10 June. Officers for 1&l(}-1.Chief Engineer G Lues.First Assistant Engineer J NottSecond Assistant Engineer Jsme.DoddSecretary and Treasurer.•••••••••.C T GulickFire Marshal J W McGuireAnnnalParade Day of Department.... Feb 3dIIonolulu Engine Company No 1 (steam),

formed 1850, organized July 18,1855. Annnalelection of officere,1Irst Wedne.day in July.

Mechanic Engine Company No 2. organizedDecember, 1850, admitted February 3, 1850.Annual election of officers, 1Irst Wednesdayin February.

Hawaii Engine Co No 4, organized February1861. Annual election of officers, 1Ir.t Tues.day in February.

China Engine Company No 5 (steam), organ.ized February, 1879.

Pacific Ho.e Company No ·1, organized Janu·ary, 1861, as Engine Company No 3, changedto a Ho.e Company December 14, 1863. An.nual election of officers, .econd Monday inJanuary.

Protection Hook and Ladder Company No 1,re-organized September, 1857. Ann!:al elec·tion of officer.; firet Monday in September.

FIRB WABD8 01' HONOLULU.

Ward No 1-Comprise. all that portion Northof Fort Street, and makai of Hotel Street.

Ward No 2-Compri.e. alI that portion Southof Fo!t Street, and makai of Hotel Street.

.Ward No 3-Compri.e. all that portion Northof Fort Street, and mauka of Hotel Street.

Ward No 4-.Compri.e. all that portion Southof Fort Street, and mauka of Hotel Street.

\}Vard No 5-Ves.el. in Harbor ot Honolulu.

DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEYGENERAL.

Attorney·General .•.. II is Ex W N Arm.trongClerk to Attorney-General .. .. •.Mar.hal of the Hawaiian I.land•..W C ParkeDeputy Mar.ha!..' David DaytonSheriff of HawaiI. L Severanc,"Sheriff of Maui. T W EverettSheriff of Kaual. '" .. .. .. S W WilcoxJailor of Oahn Pri.on D K Fyfa

SchDol Agents in Commission,HAWAII.

Hllo L Severance

~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::~ IfvS~ij':~~South and North Kona H N GreenwellSouth Kohala RevL Lyon.North Kohala E N DyerHamakua Rev J Bicknell

MAUL

Lahaina and Lanai R NewtouWailukn HA KinueyHana S W KaailIfakawao H P BaldwinMolokai R W Meyer

OAHU.

Honoluln, Ewa, and Waianae W J SmithWaialua J F A.nder.onKooJanloa W C LaneKoolaupoko : Rev J Mannel

KAUAI.

Waimea and Nlihau V Knud.enKoloa Rev J W SmithKoloa, Koolna, and Hanalei. ...8 W Wilcox

Life, Fire a.ud Marine Insurance AgenciesFIremen'. Fund Bi.hop & CoLiverpool & London & Globe Blshop & CoEqnitable Life A J CartwrightImperial Fire : A J CartwrightNew Elli'land Mutual Life Ca.tle & CookeUnion, San Francisco Ca.tle & CookeBritish and Foreign Marine ....• 1.' H DaviesNorthern Fire and Life.......... .'1' H DaviesRhelni.h Westphalian Lloyd... .. .. J C GladeAachen and Lc:psic .1 C GladeCaliforuia Marine H Hackfeld & CoNorth German Fire H Hackfeld & CoTrans·Atlantic Fire H Hackfeld & CoSwiss Lloyd Fire H Hackfeld & CoNew York Life.•.....••••... II Hackfeld & CoNor Br & Merc'l F & L... Hoffschlaeger & CoNorthwe.tern Mutual Life......J is WalkerSwi.s IJoyd Marine •.....•••••.•J S WalkerUnion Fire of New Zealand J S WalkerHamburJ(·Magdebnrg Fire, A JaegerMagdeburg General Marine A Jaeger.Manhattan Life J H PatyHamburg-Bremen Fire F A Schaefer & CoGerman Lloyd Marlne F A Schaefer & CoFortuna Marine. . .. . .. . ..F A Schaefer & CoMutuai Life of New york Wilder & CoOn 'l'ai Marine.. ... .. Chulan & Co

Sailors' Home Society•Organized 1853. Meets annually In December.President 8 N Ca.&Sec'y....F A Schaefer I Trea.. ••. C R Bi.hopEx Com-E 0 Hall. P C JQnes, S C Damon

(

69

HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1881;

Volunteer Military Companies.Prince's Own-Artillery; ••Hls :Majesty, Maj;

C P Iaukea, Adj; H Kaaha, CaptLeleiohoku Guard-Cavalry .......Makanul,

Capt ~

Hawaiian Guards, Co A C T Gnlick, CaptHawaiian Guards, Co B C BWllson CaptMamalahoa W P Wood

Queen's Hospital.Erected In 1860.

President HIS MAJESTY THE KINGVlce-Presldent. C C HarrisSecretary .. F A SchaeferTrea'llrer J H PatyAuditor E P AdamsPhyslcians.••..R :McKibbin, F B HutchinsonEXECUTIVE COMMlTTEE-C R Bishop. J 11 Paty,

F A Schaefer, A J Cartwright. A S Cleghorn.

LODGES.Ls !'ROGRES DE L'OCEANIE, No. 124, A F & A

M; meets on King St, on the last Monday ineach month.

HAWAIIAN, No 21, F & A M; meets In itsHall cornel Queen and Fort Streets, on thefirst Monday in each month.

ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER; meets In the hall ofLe Progres de rOceanie every third Thurs·day of each month.

COMMANDERY No 1 KNIUHTS TEMPLAR; meetsat the Lodge Room of Le Progres de l'Oce­anie second Thursday of each month.

KAMEIlAMEHA LODGE OJ!' PERJ!'ECTION No 1,A & A S R; meets in the hall of Le Progresde 1'0ceanie every fourlh Thursday of eachmonth.

NUUANU CHAPTER OJ!' ROSE CROIX, No.1, A& A S R. meets at the Hall of Le Progresde 1'0ceanie, first Thursday In the month.

ALEXANDER LmOLlHo COUNCIL OJ!' KADOSH ;meets on the thild Monday of alternatemonths from February.

EXCELSIOR No 1, I 0 of 0 F; meets at the hallIn Odd Fellows' Building, Oll Fort St, everyTuesday evening.

HARMONY LODGE, No.3. I 0 of 0 F; meetseach Thursday In the lIall ot ExcelsiorLodge.

POLYNESIAN ENCAMPMENT No 1, 10 of 0 F'meets at Odd Fellows' llall, first and thirdFridays of each month.

OAHU Lo~GE' No 1. K of P ;'meets everyWednesday at Hall on Hotel Street.

HAWAIIAN TRIBE, No 1. Imp 0 R M; meetsat the hall of Oahu Lodge. K of P, everyFriday evening.

COURT LUNALILO, No 6600, A'O of Foresters;meets at hall of Oahn Lodge, K of P, onsecond and fonrth Tuesdays of each month.

Strangers' Friend Society.Or~anized 1852. Annual meeting In June.

President Mrs 8 C DamonVice-Presidents-Mrs C R Bishop and Mrs T H

Hobron.Sec'y...Mrs L Smith I Treas•.Mrs S E BishopDirectress Mrs A Mackintosh

British Benevolent Society.Organized 1860. Meets annually May 24.

President J H WodehouseVice President..•.....••...Rev A MackintoshSec·y..•. J S Smithies I Treas...A S CleghornEx Uommittee .. G Rhodes, G Lucas. A Young

British Club.Organized 1852. Premises ou Union Street,

two doors beiow Beretania.President... .. A S CIE!lj'hornSec'y G Brown I Treas tt MayManagers-A S Cleghorn. Godfrey Brown, H

Macfarlane.

American Relief Fund.Organized 1864. Meets annually February 22President: A J CartwrightVlce·President Rev S C DamonSecretary and Treasurer•••• ; ••.•• C R Bishop

Mechanics' Benefit Union.Organized 1856.

Pres : R Grey IVicc-P•. J W McGuire8ec'y Wm Auld Treas......J S Lemon

German Benevolent Society.Organized August 22, 1859.

President H W SchmidtSecretary Max EckartTreasurer J F Hackfeld

Library and Reading Room Association.Organized March 1, Incorporatcd June 24,1879President A S HartwellVice-President Dr C M HydeSec'y.. II A Parmelee I Treas A L SmithDirectors-A J Cartwright, T G Thrum, Dr

C T Rodgers, H R Hollister. W Hill R FBickerton. 8 B Dole. J Ashworth, W JOhn­sona

St.' Antonio Benevolent Society.Organized December, 1876.

Presldent J PerryVice-President M B SlIvar..Sec Joe Enos I 'l'reas J !tobello

German Benefit Union.Or~anized February, 1880.

President M EckartSec H J Nolte I Treas C Ilolte

Deutscher Verein.Organized 1879.

President J C GladeVice·President...•...••••...•.11 W SchmidtSecretary and Treasurer..... • .•. P Opfergelt

Hooulu Lahui Benevoleut Society.Organized 1878.

President 0011 M THE QUEENTreasurer Mrs J G Dickson

Amateur Musical Society.Organized 1851. Re-organlzed 1878. -

President Dr J M SmithVice-Prcsldent J C Glade:1llusical Director A T AtkinsonLeader ; •••••••••••••• R Berger'l·reas C M Cooke I Sec........W W Hall

70

HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1881.

Oahu College.Looated at Punahon, two miles east of

Honolulu.Prp.sident Rev W L Jonts. A MIn.tructor in Languages .•••••..•1' E Adam.First Assistant Mlss WinterSecond As.istant Miss RoyceTeacher of Music Mr. J E Hanford'reacher of Drawlng MI•• E C Jone.Matron : .••...• , ••Mrs W L Jones

Board of Hawaiian Enngelic&l Asso-ciation.

. Originally organl2:ed 1823.Cons.titution revised 1863. Ann·l.meet'~ .Tune.Pre.ldent Rev rUoanVice-Pre.ident Rev W FrearCorre.ponding Se'Cretary Rev A 0 Forbe.Recording Secretary Rev C M Hyde, D DTrea.urer...E O.l1a11 1Auditor....P C Jones

Ladies' Benevolent Society of Fort StreetChurch.

0'15anized 1853. Meet. annnally In April.President Mr. W FAllenVice-Prcsident Mr. W W lIallSec·y .. Mi•• H S Jndd I Trea Mr. PC JonesDirectre... ... .... ... .. :ftlr. E 0 Hall

Young Men's Christian Association.Organized 1869. Annnal meetin'" In April.Pre.ident Dr J'M WhitneyVice-Pre.ident................. .E C DamonSec·y......W Kinney I Treas. Chao PeteI'llon

Mission Children's Society.Organized 1851. Annual Meetlng;ln Jnne.

President.......•..•....Prof W D AlexanderVice-President I1on A F JuddRccording Secretary...••.•..•... F J LowreyCor Secretary Mi•• M A ChamberlainHome Cor Secretary Mr. M BenfieldElectivellemb·•..Mrs S E Bi.hop, P C Jone.Trea.urer W W Hall

Boards of Underwriters-Ag3ncies.Boston... .. C Brewer & CoPhiladelphia C Brewer & CoNew YOl"k ~ A J CartwrilfhtLiverpool T H DaVie.Lloyd.-London T II Davie.San Francl.co H Hackfeld & CoBremen,Dre.den, Vienna.•...••. F A Schaefer

Anniversaries.New year Jannary 1Birth of tho Q.ueen of Great Brltain May 24In Memory of Kamehameha I June 11American Independence July 4Birth of Hi. ~bijesty the King November 16Recognition Haw Independence.November 28Christmas December 25

Packet Agencies.Uoston Packet•.......•.•...•.C Brewer & CoPlanter.' Line (S F).••••••••. C Brewer & CoSpreckels Line........••••. " W G Irwin & Collerchants' Line (S F) Ca.Ue & CookeNew York Line Castle & CookeLiverpOOl & Glasgow.••G W Macfarlane & CoPacific Mail S S Co II Hackfeld & CoBremen Packets II Hackfeld & CoHawaiian Packet Line H Hackfcld & Co

Maile Social Club.Organized January 10, 1878.

President...........•......••...E R HendryVice-Presldent..•.....•..•.•..E HoldsworthSec••••.•W II Giffard I Treas•.J I Dowsett,Jr

Places of Worship.BETHE];. CHURCH (Congregational), corner of

King and Bethel streets, Rev S e Damon,D D. Pastor. Services every Sunday at 11A M. Sunday-school meets at 9.45 ... M.Prayer M~etlng Wednesday evenings at".30. .

FORT-STREET CHURCH (Congregational). cor­ner of Fort and Beretania streets, Rev WFrear. Pastor. Services every Sunday at11 A M and 7\1, P M. Snnday-.chool meetsone hour before morning service. PrayerMeeting Wedne.day evenings at 7.30. andSnnday evening. at 6.45.

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, Fort street, nearBeretania; Rt Rev L Maigret, Lord Bishopof Arathea; Rev Abbe Modesto and RevFather Hermann, assisting. Services everySunday at 5 and 10 A M. and at 4Yt P )I.

Low Mass every day at 6 and 7 A M. HighMas. Sundays and Saints' day. at 10 A M.

CHRI8'rIA.N CHINESE CHURCH, Fort street,Sit Moon, Acting Pastor. Service. everySunday at 10.30 A M and 7.30 P M. PrayerlIeeting Wednesday. at 7.30 P M.

EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Emma Square; Rt RevBishop of Honolulu omclating. a.slstedby Rev A Macintosh and Rev T Black­bnrn. Service. in English every Snnday at6.3U and 11 A M. and ., Yo P M. Service. inHawaiian every Suuday at 9 A)[ and 3\1, P)I. Sunday-school meet. one honr beforeEnglish morning service.

NATIVE CHURCHES.KAWAIAHAO CHURCH (Oongregational). c"r­

ncr of King and Punchbowl .treet•• RevH H Parker. Pa.tor. Services In Hawaiianevery Sunday at 11 A M, and at 7.30 onSunday evenmgs alternating with Kanma­kapilt Sunday-school at 1U A M. PrayerMeeting every Wedne.day at 7.30 P M.

KAUMAKAPILI CHURCH (Congre$ational).Beretania street, near MuunaKea. RevM Kuaea. Pa.tor. Service. in Hawaiianevery Sunday at lOY. ... M. and at 7y' P Mon Sunday evening. alternating with Ka­waiahao. Sundar-.chool at 9Yt A M. PrayerMeeting every Wedne.day at 7Ys P M.

l'ublications.The Gazette, i.sned every Wedne.day morn­

ing. R Grieve. Publisher and Proprietor.The Saturday Press. I••ued every Saturday

morning. Thoma. G Thrum, Busine.sManager. .

The Advertiser, i.sued every Satnrday mOrn.Ing. W M Gibson, Editor and Publisher.

The Friend, i••ued on the first of eachmonth. Rev S C Damon, Seamen'. Chap­lain. Editor and Publl.her.

The Hawaii Pae Aina (native). I.sued everySaturday morning. J U Kawainul, Pub­li.her and Editor.

The Kuokoa (native). I••ued every Saturdaymorning. Rev H H Parker, Pnblisher andEditor.

,.

·1

'Y'

71

RAINFALL FOR HILO, 1880.

Incl'es.June••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ;..... 8.39Jnly '18.21Augnst......... •••••••••• .••• 8.91September 14.43

~~t.;'~~~;::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::: l~:~g

KEPT AT PAPAIKOU, BY HITCHCOCK", CO.

Inche••Dccember, 1879.... •••• •••••••• ..... ••• 4.72January, 1880..•••.••••••••••••••••••••• 13.97February 32.52March •••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13.98April.•••.••••••••••••.••••••••••• , ••••• 13.98May••••••••••••••••• ,. •••••••••• ; •••••• 7.76

Total•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.••.••155.231878--From January 18t to December 31Bt •••••••••••••••••••• 70.46 inches1879-From January 1st to Decembe' lsI ••••••••••••: ••••.•••112.43 ..1880-From December 18t, 1879, to December 1st, 1880••••••••155.23 "

JNO. S. WALKER. Z. S. SPALDING. WM. G. IRWIN.

W'M. G. IRW'IN & CO.,

SUGAR FACTORS,8HIPPING AND OOMMI8SION AGENTS.

--:0:--

-AGENTS FOR-

Costa's Plantation, Hilo, Hawaii;Naalehn Plantation, Kan, Hawaii ;

Honoapu Plantation, Hawaii;Hakalau Plantation, Hawaii ;

Paauhau Plantation, Hawaii;Makee Plantation, Maui;

Waihee Plantation, Maui;Makee Sugar Company, Kanai ;

Kealia Plantation, Kauai;Spreckels' line of Packets;

D. R. Vida (Star Mill), Hawaii;Star Mill) Kohala, Hawaii ;

Hilea Plantation, Kan, Hawaii jHawaiian Commercial Com~ny, Maui ;

Greig &; Bicknell's (Jfanning's Island) Cocoanut Oil.

H. A. P. CARTER. P. C. JONES, JR.

c. BREW'ER &-CO.,

SHIPP'INC A.NO COMMISSIONMERCHANTS,

HONOLULU, HAWAllAN ISLANDS.

H. R. HOLLISTER. H. A. PARMELEE.

, .

;t;l;lSIJ!lB &- fJJ,.'0 NO••'NlJUANU ST. HONOLULU, ~;IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN

TOBACCO AND SNUFF,SOLE AGENTS FOR THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS FOR

P.· Lori//ard & CO., Buchanan & Lyall,

VANITY FAIR AND OLD JUDGE

TobaccoandCigarettesAND

THE CROWN PERFUMERY CO., LONDON.

ALSO, MANUFACTURERS OF

S'ODA ',WATER, GINGER· ALE, &C... .-:0:-

.. ~Physicians' Prescriptions carefully compounded by an experiencedPharmaceutist at any. hour of the Day or Night.

WEL~E,4JIE~!) DElmQlIf1J} & ~~!>\ '

SHIPPINC AND

Commission Merchants,Union Block, Corner Market and Pine Sts., San Francisco, Cal.

-:0:-

. AGENTS FOR

The Pacific Mail S. S. Co.. The Cunard Royal Mail S. S. Co.:

The J?acific Steam Navi~ationCo.The China Traders Insurance Co., Limited.

The Marine. Insurance Co., of London.

"' A.W'. BUSH, ":FAMIL.Y GR'OO~JRY,

ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING,~

Nos. 93 and 95 Fort Street Honolulu, H. I.IMPOR'fER AND DEALER IN

CHOICE GROCERIES.-.:0:-

FAMILIES AND SHIPPING SUPPLIED.

All Coods Waranted.-:0:-

Particnlar attention given to pntting np Stores for Officers and other MesseSof Vessels of War.-:0:-

GRAPES FROM THE WAILUKU VINEYARD, and

BUTTER FROM 'fHE KAHUKU RANCH, HAWAll.-:0:-

FINE TEAS AND COFFEE A SPECIALTY.

••

~~EMJ . rcDNJ~INSURANCE ....f COMPANY~ OF CALIFORNIA.~

Assets, - - - $1,200,000

Th@ Fir@maU8 Fuud IU8urauc@ gompauyBASES ITS CLAIMS to the best patronage upon its SOUND'FINANCIAL CONDITION reinf'orced by its recent LARGEACCESSION OF CAPITAL; its EXTENSIVE SYSTEM OF

AGENCIES, giving it a LARGE PREMIUM INCOME, withoutthe necessity or heavy concentration orrisks; its adherence tothe BEST PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF UNDER­WRITING; and its prompt aud equitable ADJUSTMEN~

AND SETTLEMENT OF LEGITIMATE LOSSES•...D. J. STAPLES, President.ALPHEUS BULL, Vice-President.

• •

GEO. D. DORNIN, Secretary.W. J. DUTTON, Asst. Secretary.

BISHOP'&' CO., ACENTS, 110NOLULU, H. I•.

BOLLES & CO.,

Ship Chandlers, Commission MerchantsIMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN

GENER ...'-\.L MEROHANDISE,New Fire-Proof 8tore, No. 34 Queen 8treet,

:E:ONOL"tTL"tT, O.A:E:'tT., :E:. :r:.

Hawaiian Produce Bought and Sold.

8. N. CASTLE. J. B. ATHERTON.

~4S~~B~ ~Q~~E~

Shipping and Commission Merchants,IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN

GENERAL MEROH ANDISE,NO. 70 KING STREET, HONOLULU, H. I.

--:0:--

AGENTS FOR:

The Unbn Insurance Company of San Francisco, California, . .The New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, Boston;

The Celebrated Blake's Steam and Vacuum Pumps,Weston's Patent Centrifugals;

Dr. Jayne & Son's Celebrated ~Iedicines ;Wheeler & Wilson's Sewing Machines,

Singer Sewing Machines,Wilcox & Gibbs' Sewing Machines;

The Merchants' (S. F.), and New York and Honolulu Packet Lines,The Kohala Plantation, I Waialua Plantation,The Haiku Plantations, Hamakua PlantationHitchcock & Co., Papaikou Plantation.

it@) DQjWilYllD~

IJnUGGtST AND ~POTHECAnYJ-CORNER OF--

:E="ort a.nd. ~erch.a.nt streets, ~onolulu, :El:. J:...

Importer and ,Dealer in

Drugs, Chemicals, Patent Medicines,Toilet Articles and Druggist's Sundries.

A full line of Lubin's, Gosnell's, Lundborg's, Bazin's, 'Venek's, Rimmel's,Atkinson's, Coudray's, and Penaud's Goods constantly on hand.

A complete stock of American, English, and French Patent Medicines andProprietary articles. .

A fine assortment of Tooth, Hair, Nail, and Shaving Brushes.Combs, Toilet, Bath, Carriage, and Surgeon's Sponges.Chamois Skins, Syringes, Breast Pumps, Atomizers, Nursery Bottles, etc.

--:0:--

Particular attention paid to the Oompounding of Physician's Pre­scriptions and Family Rec·ipes.

Also, to the filling of Plantation Orders and Ship's Medicine Chests,

H.HACKFELD & CO.,orE~E~~L

COMMISSION MERCHANTiS,lIONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

PACIFIC· MAil STEAMSHIP CO.-:0:-

.For San FranciscoDecember 20th, 1880, and every fourth Monday thereafter.

For Auckland and SydneyDecember 25th, 1880, and every fourth Saturday thereafter.

H. HACKFELD & CO.,Honolulu Agents.

W. M. WENNER. JOHN SWENERZ.

WENNER & CO.,'FORT-STREET, Opposite Odd Fellows' Hal~

Jewelers, Diamond Setters,Engrauers,-AND·-

DEALERS IN JEWELRY OF· ALL KINDS..-:0:-

-.-:0:-

Orders also received and faithfully' attended to for all kinds of

/

m-ENCOURAGE~

HOME MANtIFACTtIRE.--:0:--

F. HORN,Practical Confectioner and Pastry Cook,

HOTEL STREET, BETWEEN FORT AND NUUANU STREETS.Havinl:( added to his Candy Factory a

$hHtm @and~ MaJnttffa@t~r~n~ A~~araJtY$1JNow Moulds and :n-Iachines of the Newest Designs and Patterns-Parents, Guard~

ians of Children, and my Customers generally are guaranteed thatall Candies made at Horn's Steam Candy Factory are

STRIOTLY PUREIAnd free from all poisonous substances, such as Terra Alba, or White Earth,

and all mercurial color~, as Paris Green, Prussian Blue, ChromeYellow, and other injurious substances so exten-

sively used in the manufacture ofForeign Candies.

The Gum Drops are no ImitationLike the :I::z:nported..

"But are made of the finest quality of Gum Arabic. Please take particular notice. that my pure and wholesome Home-made Candies are sold

25 per cent. Cheaper than the Imported Candies.Constantly in receipt of

LATEST NEW YORK AND CHICAGO TOOLS AND MACHINERY.--:0:--

Made of the . Richest Mixtures Rnd Flavors, and Ornamented in the higheststyle of the art.

American, French, English, and German Pastries Made toOrder.--:0:-- .

ON EXHIBITION AND FOR SALE AT THE COMING HOLIDAYS,The Greatest Assortment of

Rioh and Plain Fruit, Pound, Sponge &Jelly CakesEver shown in Honolulu, of the finest quality, Ornamented and Plain, all made

of the very best material, and

Sol.d. a't San. Fran.c:l.sco Prices.--:0:--

Guava Jelly, Preserved Tamarinds, and Tamarind Syrup,ConStantly on hand and for Sale.

DILLINGHAM & CO.,IMPORTERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN

Hardware, ~mplements,

r

Hollow Ware, Lamps, Lanterns;CJlandeliers, Kerosene Oil.

AFULL LINE 'OF HOUSE FURNISHING GOODSTable Cutlery, Scissors, Shears, Razors,

A large line of Cheap and Fine Pocket Cutlery,Butcher Knives, Steels, &c., &C.

SILVEE PLATED "WAREMasury's Paints, Valentine's Carriage Varnishes,

Regular Shelf Paints in large assortment,Furniture, Damar and Coach Varnishes,

American and English Lead and Zinc,Boiled and Raw Linseed Oil, Turpentine,

A large assortment of House, Sign and Carriage Paints,Paint and Varnish Brushes, Cordage M to I%, inch,

Fish Hooks and Lines, Seine and Wrapping Twine,Carriage and Wagon Axles and Springs.

SOLE ACENTS FOR THE

Bain & Cortland Wagon Man'fg Companies.SOLE AGENTS FOR TIlE CALIFORNIA CO'S

AVERELL. 'ftIIi'~x~""""~~~~!!!!!!!!I~~

Celebrated Althow;;e Wind Mills,A. S. Hallidie's· Patent Endless Wire Rope-way. and

Barbed F.ence. Wire and Staples,

CALIFORNIA WIRE ~WORKS CO.--:0:--

AT THE NEW BRICK· BUILDING

No. ::37 Fort Street, ~onolu.lu., ~. J:.

HONOLULU IRON WORKS COMPANY,MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF ALL KINDS OF

Sugar Plant and Other Machinery,

ENGINES, BOILERS, SUGAR MILLS, MILL GEARING,

VAOUUM PANS AND AIR-PUMPS, WATER WHEELS.Sheet Iron Work-including Pans, Smoke Stacks, Coolers, Tanks,. Bar Iron of all sizes, Brass Cocks, Valves, Gauges,

Steam Whistles, Union Couplings, Glass Gauge Tubes,Babbitt Metal, Belt Laces, Rubber Packing, .

. Copper and Brass Wire Gauze, Cotton Waste,Galvanized Wire Cloth, Boiler and Tank Rivets, Flax and Hemp Packing, Angle

Iron, Norway Ir~n, Steel; Nuts, Washers, etc.

CUMBERLAND COAL, AND FIRE CLAY.

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF

~NGLI~H AN~ AMtRI~!N ~AK TANN~~ L~ATH~R BUTING.--:0:--

AGENTS FOR THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS FOR THE

National Tube lVorks Co., of Boslon,Mass.;'.. Putnam .Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass.; and

The Farrell Foundry and Machine Co., Connecticut.

--:0:--

We will furnish Engines and Sngar Plant made by the above celebrated Foun­dries, and will contract, if required, for the erection of any Machinery by theabove makers when imported by us.

--:0:--

Steam and Water Pipes and Fittings,BLACK OR GALVANIZED,

Of English or American Thread, which we will furnish at prices hitherto un­known in this market.

Steam and Water Pipes, from ~ to U inches in diameter, with all the fittingsfor same.

Light Water Pipes for Lead.ing Water for Irriga.ting Purposes.

Putnam Lathes Always In Stock.. t-

s. c; ALLE~. M. P. ROBINSON.

ALLEN &··ROBINSON,.(AT ROBINSON'S WHARF)

D~!br: in ~~ll, LumD~r, ~n!&llRin!: of Builaing M!hri!l:,PAINTS, OILS, NAILS, &0.

Agents of Schooners PAUAHI, KULAMANU, LEAHI, HALEAKALA, UILAMI,KAUIKEOULI, KEKAULUOHI, LURA, CATERINA. ,

G. W.MACFARLANE&CO.,Importers and Commission Merchants

AND DEALERS IN

GEN ER-,-L\.~L MEROHANDISERobinson's Fire Proof Building,

QUEEN STREET, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

-AGENTS FOR-

The Pun10a Sheep Rallc11 Company,The Spencer Plantation. Hilo,

The Waikapu Plantation, Maui,Huelo Sugar Mill, ],Jaui,

The.G1asgow and HonoTu1n Line of Packets,The Liverpool and Honolnlu Packet Line,

Mirrlees, Tait & Watson's Sugar Machiney,Union Gas Machine Company.

E. O. HALL & SON,, Corner of Fort and King Sts., Honolulu,

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN

'. HARDWARE, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,::bI.l:eriden :Plated "VV"are"

PAINTS, OILS, STOVES, AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

HENRY J. HART. ELLIS HART.

ASTOR HOUSEDining and Lunch Parlors,

Nos. 76 and 78 Hotel Street,~art Bro'tl:1.ers, Proprie'tors.

-:0:-

BOARD BY THE DAY, WEEK, OR TRANSIENT.-:0:-

Billiards, Cigars, Cigarettes and rrobacco, Soda Water andother Iced Drinks.

-:0:-

MEalS SERVED IN FIRST-CLASS STYlE AT All HOURS.

:.a:~:E~l:I:' :S:I;aOS_~

TOBACCO AND BilLIARD SALOONNO. 19 NUUANU STREET, HONOLULU, H. I.

Dealers in all kinds of Curiosities,Volcanic Specimens from Kilauea,

f]IEB~J1LSl~ 6QB£LSJ & GEmEBll& GUBEOSJOf the Pacific Islands.

Specimen Cases and Cabinets· On Hand,OR FITTED UP ON SHORT NOTIOE.

CHOICE CANDIES RECEIVED BY EVERy STEAltIER.

TJl:!l~ (QJJl@l ~(Q)~!Ql~~~ESTABLISHED 1858.

BILLIARD, COFFEE-AND-

REFRESHMENT SALOON.Corner of Queen and Nuuanu Sfs., Honolulu, H. I.

-:(':-

CONSTANTLY ON HAND, A FULL SUPPLY OFChoice Havana, Manila and German Cigars,

Finest Sruokin<>' and Chewin:;: Tobacco,Meerschaum, Briar Wood and Clay Pipes,

Cigar Holders, Amber Mouth Pieces,Tobacco Pouches, Horn Hipe Tips, &c., &c., &c.

HART BROS., Prourietors. ~

A. S. CLEGHORN & CO

Shipping and Commission Merchants,_ AND DEALERS IN

Gene».-al MerchandiseAGENTS FOR THE

Hilo Tannery Saddle and Sole Leather.Agents for the Best Kona Coffee.

We are in receipt of fresh Kona Coffee direct from Plantations by every arrival.

Partioular Attention Given to Island OrdersOf every description, and Goods not in stock purchased or ordered from abroad

to suit buyers.

FIRE-PROOF STORES,Queen and Kaahumanu Sts., Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.

-:o~-

BRANCH STORES.

~_ S_ Olegb..ox::r:l. & 00_AUCTIONEERS,

Importers and Dealers in Ceneral Merchandise,

At the Old Corner, Front and Waianuene Sts-, Hilo, Hawaii, H. I.

J. H. MABY, Manager.PAHALA, KAU,HAWAII, H. L,

T. C. WILLS, Manager.HOOKENA, KON.I1, HAWAII, H. L,

tW. C. KING, Mana[Jcl".TYAIHEE, M.I1 UI, H. L,

S. B. STODDARD, ~Iana[Jer.

I(.I1 UJY.I1K.I1KAI, :A:fOLOK.I1I, H. L,L. LEPERTZ, ~Iana[Jer.

-:0:-

~ At all of our Branch Stores will be found Groceries,.Dry Goods, Clothing, Fancy Goods, Notions, Boots and Shoes,Hardware, Crockery and Glassware, and all Goods that are­kept in well found Country Stores.

CORNER NUUANU AND QUEEN 8TREET8. HONOLULU.

Agent for the following Coasters:

Wa~lele.Waioli,

Waimaln,Waiehn,

Lilin,MaIolo,

Gen. Seigel,Mana,

Kalnna.~Flag-Red,with White Ball.

BROGLIE, SPEAR & CO.,MANUFACTURING

Jewelers, Diamond Setters and Engravers,AND DEALERS IN

OF LATEST DESIGNS.-:0:-

8hell and Nut Jewelry Executed to Order on 8hort Notice.-:0:-

NO. '2'5 FORT STREET, HONOLULU.

J. W. GIRVIN,

Commission Merchani &General DealerIN DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, HARDWARE,

StationerYl Patent MedioineslPerfumery, Glassware.

"'\ATAI::I:.itTXV~ :bI.I:AVI:..

A. M. MELLIS,IMPORTER OF

Dry Goods, Fancy Goods,LADIES' AND GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS.

-:0:-

NEW GOODS BY EVERY STEAMER.-:0:-

104 FORT STREET. HONOLULU. H. I.

_U5:1C BALL"::S:::ONO:r..,"t:rLu., ::s:::. J:.

(Situated on the Ground Floor.)-:0:-

:E101ds Fu.11y 700 Peop1e.--:0:-

LIGHTED BY GAS.-:0:-

Furnished with Folding Seat Opera Chairs.-:0:-

A FULL AND COMPLETE SET OF SCENERY BY W. T. PORTER.-:0:-

ST.A.G-E 40 by 60,Fitted witll nIl tIle Modern Improvements, by Stepllen Gulliver.

c::w-FOR TERMS ADDRESS

MUSIC HALL, Honolulu.

MRS. A. MELLIS,FASHIONABLE

Dress and Oloak Maker.-:0:-

Latest Parisian and American Fashion Books and Patterns receivedby evcry Steallle~

-:0:-

104 FORT STREET, HONOLULU, H. I.

HA\VAIIAN HOTEL,HOTEL STREET, HONOLULU,

(With Entrances from Richards, Beretania, and Alakea streets.) .--:0:-

Will spare no pains to make this Elegant Hotel

First-class in Every :Particu.lar.-:0:-

Rooms can be had by the 'Veek or Night, with or without Board.LIVERY STABLE IN CONNECTION WITH THE HOTEL.

A. W. RICHARDSON & CO.,Importers and· Dealers in

BOOTS AND SHOES,

Furnishing Goods, Trunks, Valises, &0.

W~~:Fm~Jl' W~:FCmN8, JBWB~fJ"!t, t»C.

Corner Fort and Merchant Streets,

HONOLULU, H. I.

-:0:-

ORDERS FROM THE OTHER ISLANDS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.

LAINE & CO.,Empol!tel!& ond ~ommitSS1ioDl M!e~e.antse

DEALERS IN

HAY, GRAIN, AND GENERAL PRODUCE.Grain Grou.nd to .Order.

ORDERS SOLICITED AND SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.STORAGE FOR GOODS.'

Office, Fort Street (below Lucas'), Honolulu, H. I.

'WILDER. & CO.,IMPORTEHS AND

DEA.LER.S i:n. L Ul\I.[BER..-AND-

ALL REmuS! OD BUELBlmlG M4i!EB!4ltSflHONOLULU, OAHU, H. I.

Il11porters and Dealers in Coal.HARD AND SOFT COAL ALWAYS ON HAND.

Steamers in want of Coal can be sure of Finding; a Full Supply.

KING, MASTER.

REGULAR COMMUNICATION WITH THE OTHER ISLANDS.:-ALSQ--

DUDOIT. Master. LORENZEN, Master.

fOR WINDWARD PORTS Of OAHU. ; . FOR MAI1I ANI! HAWAII

W:lLDER ~ CO•

. -:0:--

Families, Hotels, and Steamers8UPPLIED AT 21 GENT8 PER POUND.

W'XLDEB c!tc CO..

MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYOF NEW YORK.- ..

w'ILDER & co., Agents.

N08. 82, 84 AND 88 KING 8TREET, HONOLULU, H.I.

ESTABLISHED IN 1865.

MANUFACTURER OF ALL STYLES OF

Carriages" Buggies, 'Vagons, Cane Carts,ox CARTS, AND ANYTHING ON WHEELS.

The Woodwork, Blacksmithing, Painting and Trimming, all done in the Shop•

.A. FIRST - CLASS HORSE SHOERIs also employed, who turns out Shoes from 2~ ounces to any weight required.

SHOES FOR TROTTING HORSES A SPECIALTY.

Mr. West Employs only First-olass Workmen,'And has just returned from the East, where he has purchased a

Comprising in part as follows:

Bar Iron of all Sizes, Cumberland Coal in Bags or Sacks,Axles from 3-4 in. to 3! in., Hubs, Spokes,

Rims, Felloes, Shafts, Poles, Etc.

Oak, Ash and Hickory Plank of all sizes, Horse Shoes andNails, Nuts, Washers, Bolts, Springs, Silver and

Gold-plated Lamps, Wheel Bands,

AND EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE CARRIAGE LINE.

M. DICKSQN,No. 51-Fort Street, Honolulu, Ha-waiian Islands,

-PHOTOGRAPHER.

ALWAYS ON HAND AND FOR SALE:

A VARIEDAND VALUABLE COLLECTION OFPHOTOGRAPHIC

. vie~s a::r:l.d. J?o:rt:raits.

-..A.LSO--

A FUJ,.llSTOCK OF SHELLS, CORALS, FERNS, SEA MOSSES,.

S.D. BURROWS~

CONTRACTOR and BUILDER,

125 and 127 Fort Street,

HONOLULU, HAW AIIAN ISLANDS

-:0:-

STEAM SAW--:0:--

l\1ILLS.Planing and Moulding Machinel"Ye .

-;0:-

SCROLL SAWING, BLIN:QS, DOORS, SASHES, &c.

To·<.:>rder.

PLANS and SPECIFIC~TIOI~lSPREPARED.All Kinds of Mason -V'V'ork: Done.

"tiP ., ..,KOA, KO~ AND OTHER NATIVE FMiTY mlODS ONH.H\ll.

-;0:-- ,

e-Order,.; from the other Islands shall l'eet'iYeprompt attention.

First-clRIIII Workmanship an(l Seasoned 1rlat"rf.

I ,

CECIL BROWN,ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW,

NO.8 KAAHUMANU STREET, HONOLULU, H. l.Notary Public and Agent for taking Acknowledgments to Instru­

ments for the Island of Oahu.«

@@MJMJ~~@~AllJ,., M~IJ{j~~'f1J

Foot of Nuuanu Street, Honolulu, H. I.

Shipping and Families Supplied with Choice Meats, Vegetables, &c.,OJ:'T S::S::ORT J:'TOTJ:CE.

O. G. CLIFFORD.

8. M. OARTER, ; .....

AGENT TO TAKE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS-TO-

Co:n:trac"ts for Labor.-:0:-

OFFICE AT P. M. S. DOCK, HONOLULU., i

lE" B" DEoENI~YBB & BB083", ~

PROVISION MERCHANTS, .

a:eOOE:ey AND FEED STOEE.Corner Fort and King Streets. Honolulu.

W@]l@~!Ql@ Bt@llJl~~~

CRATER OF KILAUEA,,~

HA"'WAII. '. '\-:0:-

W. H.LRNT7 MANAGER

GRIEVE,,d General Joh Prin.ter,tHan Gazette, Honolulu, H. I.iT OFFICE. ENTRANCE ON BETHEL ST.

G. J-JUOAS,CONTRAOTOR AND BUILDER,

HONOLULU STEAM PlAHING MHllS,Esplanade, Honolulu, H. I.

--:0:--

Manufactures all kinds of

Mouldings, Braokets, Window Frames, Sashes, Doors,

BLINDS AND ALL KINDS OF WOODWORK FINISHED.I

Turning and Scroll Sawing•.All kinds of

~LANING AND SAWING,

MORTICING AND TENONING.

Plans, Specifications, Detailed Drawings, and Estimate'

FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION.

--:0:-

ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO, ANt---:0:--

ORDERS FROM THE OTHER ISLAl

HEALD'S BUSINESS COLLEGE,24 Post Street, Opposite Mechanics' Institute,

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA,JmpartH a thi>l'lJUgh :mu practical Education in all COllllllPrcial and Ellgli8h

Branclws. French. Gpl'IlJnll, Spanish. Di'awing, and Telpgraphy. Tbe schoo Ihaving great-AI' facilitieH and enjoying ;1, lllore extt'll~iYA patronage than allYof':similar institution on the Pacific Coast; contillllPS to haKe its calims for recogni. ;tion and patl'onagp upon the good sense and enlightpnpd ,judgment of the public.

LIST OF F..e.....CULTY..E. 1'. HEAJ~]). ALFONSO V. BUSSCRE,F. C. WOODBUU Y. MISS H. 1\1. CUHTIS,A. R. CAPP, '1'. ll. SOUTHERN,H. JL STEAHNES. A. VAN DEn NAILLEN.lURS. F. A. CLAHKE. F. SEREGNI, .MRS. W. J. HAMILTON, GEORGE JEBENS.

E..e.....TES OF TUITIOJ:.:r.Full Business Course,6 months. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. $75 00

" ,t "3".0.0 [>fJ 00" 1 ..•••...............•.....••.•.. 2()OO

Telegraphy, 6 months : .. r,o 00,.. 8" , . . .. .. .. .. 27 f>O" 1" 1000

The public are earncstly rcquestcu to visit our School and witness its practicalworkings. Students can begin at any time; each receives separate instruction.Ladies are admitted into all departments of the College. For full particularscall at the College Ofiice, ~H Post stl'eet, 01' address

E. P. HEALD,President Business College. San Francisco. CaUfornls.

DU'ORTEH AND IJEALEH IN

ftflods, Fancy Goods, Clothing,:~HIXG GOODS,

"D CHIJ,DREN'S SHOES,T COnSl"l'l'S, RIBBONS, LACES,

\D GJ~OY}JS, HAl'S AND CAPS.

G-OODSnia and Philadelphia on everJ Steamer.

A.S. J. FISHEL,81, Corner Fort and Hotel Sts.

TRANSAOTA GENERALB.ANKING]3 USINESS.

THE,SATUR.:n.A.y :E»RESS.~Y':A .• NEWSPAPEIt 'PUBLISHED,WEEXLY,',

'.'; \,'.': ",-.j".l~ , __ ;.', ... "",,'

",-',

.TIIOS; ·'G.· THRUM, BusIness .Manager.

" !c?)Oi~~~jri:",

'SlJBSCRIPTION PRICE ~'(VE iJOLLARSPERA NNUMIN,ADVANCi .', .... ::'~, .. ," ,..... ".. .. .'. .. .. -...., .... ,...,.,', ,- '~.. ",' .. .. ': "., ' '/

',''', ,'- .; ;:'.... .. '- .. .',"/.... ,\ ,",

',Post~geto Foreign Countries extra; , . "

ADVERT~SEMENTSINSER'l'ED AT/CURRENT ~

,AO'ENCY.:J:{nr:$~g;~?~::::?,Q(' '. .... .. .. ,-'.... ' "',-' ..

.,'N~w. SUJlPlieSb'ein~rConstantly· r~ceived, ~t', r ," .. < 't .. '. J , _ .. "~. ' :~ - ..' .. ': .... ' ,/' , ,I :.,:. _ >' ••

THOS. G. THRUM'S'"

"0:..'

I\/;:·;';~D~)~~'[:~~ :~.R,WU~·, ;'j

, j • ;. " ,'.; ~

.~. ,,'>:. ,';. Importing and'ManUfacturing,··· J I

;::$$~.itTIb~N'E~;:',N'E*S ":D:~A~ER.·.r}' .,~,/ : >-/' . ;,:.',. - '-' - ;"~:·"."~);{':"-~S\,2A~D.~.:;~··f.> '. ~ "'.,~'

<'<"'; BodR-BIND}1iR~:;, ,~,!I· 'MerCh~nt Street. : . Near, Fort,'1L ,".' ',:, . I,., .~.-A)[D--J- t, .'1',[ F~rt Stre'et, C~rner of HoteJ,"'(Bre\;ver's f31oclqj',\C:,,'j, '.. HONO,LU~U,'H~"o/AIIANIS~AND~",;\ ; .'.. ,. ::Ji!

l.,~'·:;;' ~;'(>:!fe~p1Conwf1ltl~oj7. H(liHl,O:l!'Ull,~tssot:tfli'e7itY)f':,~": ':.1, ·J.,",·B··L,\,N·I'TK'."l\.f.em.. o,.,;'a~8~Lo~,T~ialBalapce ..'coP:Y1<B'.(,)'.0"17:.81

..I" .. 'i ,: 12?j',: ',J:Scra.P,OI'~e~:Draftor,RegelPt '~ ., ..' .~\..~k J1',P!~ir~ut~Ulell\Vl:itiHg;/·.;,>,,·,t·; i. ",', l"lat Ledger" ••~

:"",,::A.CC,OIl1'it Currel1t;~.jl"", p~Li!tt:l1.~'()lro,:> >:r:=-jc·,~:;.:,~~4;aw f~'p,FDPI,~Cl(P;: '~' . ..B.lotting,:rl:~i.~iJ~g,:.:', '~:,I

{''-3~;,i{:;'1 •.....• ,,/~:·J~E;ttY}., Notc;,SJlrawing, ~wrnpPing" •. >; ..•. ..,,!{},~~rE J~E.f\l E~('.~~O; is,~.t\rlg~E ftY:-· N~r~LJ[ E~~'l·'\{:~'.;:{nv~!oPQSf.Jn~~!:fens. Pe11Cils,H0l,aers,Arfisfs', Materials, :.<JA·~indso'r,&· Newto'n';s 'Colors,:!

'c\:.,. '; •. i-~~, ~;~E~~N:~~~:'~"'~ ,~ '.<~Jl~~e'J:i':Eca:W·:n.: .' Postage" ~Sta2nps.'1

,,\;j<"::;,_',~": ..'t.':~:'-::-:,-j-;,,:>:-:<-; ~<,;> ,,"',,,", ~",~.. _-", .-- /'"T'~H.K'7J~~'~L.~'r ING,'l'O'!'IIg lS~.~NDH., ,. ;"']

":~oks/·.:Togs.,.andFanc.y •..G~0cls/\:I"~~' SEASON;'IN:.YARIE';rY

i,.',~"

~N •. PERlODICALSi(Y> Every Opport.unity

~· i

rORBLANI{ Houris).tf '. . '. '.' ~)~.t·er.n.•..; ;;\.[US"i.e,.. l\IlI.

b.rn."' ..i.l.l.e.>>;•..,&.'i..•.;)I.)(.. Jlll.ld <"':.' 1..'1tce,HU<1 all work g'uahmtee<l. ' .",' I

:~:'~"" ~, . ',.." ',' './ ::\, .'.~ "-":;"".1'

~,faithfully exeouted~~.·I

L i" •..' •..•.. ' .' ','~"'J"'ll

r ....'