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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
EUROPEAN SPACE PROPULSIONFACING A TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGE
Assemblée de l'Union de l'Europe Occidentale Conférence Interparlementaire Européenne de l'EspaceKourou - 19-22 septembre 2006
Jean-Paul HertemanSenior Vice President, Safran
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
NO MARGIN : PAYLOAD 1.5% TAKE-OFF WEIGHT
EXTREME CONDITIONS : - 250°C TO 3500°C
1/3 - 1/2 LAUNCH VEHICLE VALUE
PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY ONE OF THE CRITICAL KEYS FOR ACCESS TO SPACE
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
DOES EUROPE HAVE A COMPETITIVE SPACE PROPULSION TECHNOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL BASIS ?
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
HIGH PERFORMANCE UPPER STAGE ENGINESIN THE WORLD
Reignitable
Nb of successsfull flights
First flight
Cost* (M€)
ISP (s)
Country
Engine
371 - 8
1963 - 1998
4.6 - 5.4
450 - 466
RL10 A&B
266
1967
NA
356
11D58
8
2001
5.1
447
LE 5B
142
1979
4
446
HM 7
15
1994
NA
440
YF 75
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
A EUROPEAN TECHNOLOGY BREAKTHROUGHON A… U.S. INSTITUTIONAL LAUNCH VEHICLE
• World Première
• Carbon-carbon composites
• 9 successfull flights
Designed and produced by
BOEING DELTA IV UPPER STAGE ENGINE FLIGHT EXPANDABLE NOZZLE
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
SATELLITE ELECTRIC THRUSTERS
SNECMA PPS 1350® hall effect thrusterKey to Smart-1 ESA mission success
FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON WITH JUST 75 KG OF XENON
A MAJOR STEP TO THE FUTURE IN SPACE EXPLORATION & OPERATIONS
• win-win Snecma / Fakel (Russia) cooperation from the '90s
• no dependency
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
… BUT …
WE ARE SMALL
AT RISK TO CROSS SUB-CRITICAL SIZE BOUNDARY
AND STILL FAR TOO FRAGMENTED
YES … WE HAVE A CAPABLE TECHNOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL BASIS
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
EUROPEAN INDUSTRY SCATTERED & NEAR SUB-CRITICALUS AND EUROPEAN SPACE PROPULSION COMPANIES TURNOVER IN 2005 (M€)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
ATKPWR
Aerojet
Safran Avio SME
EADS ST
MT Aerosp
ace
Volvo ae
ro
Amspac
-ISP
1€=1$
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
SPACE PROPULSION HUMAN RESOURCES
*Pro rata annual report 2005
500
700
900
1 100
1 300
1 500
1 700
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Staff evolution at Snecma Vernon
ATK*: 6600
PWR: 3800
AEROJET: 3100
SAFRAN*: 2300
AVIO *: 695
ASTRIUM *: 450
Volvo *: 125
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
Engineering system (mechanical)
Engineering system (functional)
Material/NDA
Controls
Combustion
Turmomachinery
6 p / 196 y 6 p / 119 y
14 p / 324 y
6 p / 72 y
6 p / 119 y
9 p / 198 y
SNECMA VERNON HR SENIOR EXPERTISE BREAKDOWNIN LIQUID ROCKET ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES
staff by technical fieldscumulated years of expertise
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
Vulcain engine
ARIANE 5 VULCAIN ENGINE KALEIDOSCOPE
Hot gas valve
Oxygen turbine
OxygenTP
Chamber valve
Purge valve
HydrogenTP
Hydorgen turbine
Sensors
Gimbal, Thermal protection
Chamber
Support
Nozzle
Sensors
Sensors
Sensors
Electrovalve unit
Astrium
Snecma
SnecmaPropulsion Solide
SnecmaMoteurs
Meggitt
APP
Starter, igniters
Flexible hose Gas generator, Valve generator
Oxygen supply line, Hydrogen supply line
Snecma
Avio
Snecma Vulcain 2system integration
MT Aero
A strength for Europe…… but …
An industrial challenge
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
ARIANE 5 VULCAIN ENGINE CONTRACTUAL FLOW
Has been improved… but still too stretched
(-) Nb of engineers working on cryogenic engines ArianespaceFinal customer
AstriumLauncher Prime
Snecma (370 p)Liquid propulsion Prime
Astrium D. (130 p)Thrust chamber
AVIO (50 p)Lox Turbo Pump
Techspace Aero (25 p)Valves …
CNESDesign authority
Nozzle Lox TurbineVolvo (40)
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
ARIANE 5 BOOSTER MPS INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION
Has also been improved (BIP Operations) … but … not yet optimized
AVIO - SME
SAFRAN - AVIO
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
WHAT CAN WE DO ?
RESTRUCTURE
FINANCE
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
FROM "STRICT" GEO RETURN TO AN EUROPEANNETWORK OF CENTERS OF COMPETENCE
Today
Neutral Transfers… no looser
Technology national flags… associated labs… strong…
Far more efficient … integrated management … no unnecessary duplications
COC Combustion
StuttgartMunich
COC Tests
Tomorrow ?
Vernon
COC Turbomachinery
COC System integration
System integrationTurbomachineryCombustion Tests
Snecma
Vernon
Astrium GmbHDLR
Ottobrunn LampoldshausenCombustion System integration
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
N.R.C Business Revenue Business Revenue
Incl. Spare partsCivil Aircraft Engine
CFM class
Cryo Rocket EngineVinci class
3000 M$Over 15 years 5000 M$
to 10 000 M$Over 30 years
600 M$
400 M$ 600 M$ Ariane2000 M$
Total World
Over 30 years
SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLE PROPULSION BUSINESS: "MARKET FAILURE"
Commercial launch business provides volume to maintain operation skills, not ROI
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
SPACE PROPULSION CRITICAL PATH
Propulsion
1Launhers 5
Satellites 10
Services Applications 100
European R &D rocket liquid propulsion budget
020406080
100120140160
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
(M€)
Game over ?
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
VINCI TO ENSURE THE FUTURE
MORE PAYLOAD, MORE VERSATILE
-
Vinci
4.5
465
2013
YF 75HM 7 LE 5B 11D58RL10 A&B
Engine
Country
ISP (s)
Cost* (M€)
First flight 1994
446 447450 - 466.5 356 440
1979 2001 19671963 - 1998
Nb of successsfull flights 15142 8 266371 - 8
NA4 5.1 NA4.6 - 5,4
Reignitable
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
SELF HEALING
SPACE R & T GLOBAL LEVERAGING
Atmospheric re-entry
Aeronautics
Rocketengines
Space Telescopes & Industry
Brakes
Mix flow nozzle
IN RETURN, HIGH VOLUME DIVERSIFICATIONS SUSTAIN SPACE ACTIVITY
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
SPACE R&T GLOBAL LEVERAGING
Module 5kW
30 kW Unit
Co-generation Stationnary
Space transport
Transport
Liquefied natural gasFuel Cells
Gas combustion unit
LP Pumps
SPACE PROPULSION CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY
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Aerospace Propulsion Branch - September 2006
« Control your own destiny or somebody will do it for you »