Upload
frederic-bonnefoi
View
229
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
1/36
ocean energyASSOCIATION
EUROPEAN
energyEuropean Ocean EnergyRoadmap 2010 - 2050
Oceans of
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
2/36
Oceans of energy European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010-2050
is a publication of the European Ocean Energy Association. Design and production:
Strategy International Communications, www.strategy.be. Photo credits: Getty Images,
European Ocean Energy Association. Printing: Imprimerie Bietlot, Belgium.
AcknowledgementThe European Ocean Energy Association (EU-OEA) would like to
thank the European Commission's Directorate General for Energy
(DG ENER) for providing the funding that made this Roadmap a
reality. The development of the Roadmap has helped to define
the concrete actions necessary to achieve the next set of milestones
on the path to commercialisation of ocean energy in Europe.
The Association would like to extend its appreciation to those
who have contributed to the preparation of this Roadmap.
In particular:
> The Board of EU-OEA;
> The Members of the EU-OEA;
> The Roadmap Workshop participants;
> The ocean energy sector key stakeholders;
> Industry representatives;
> Ocean energy experts;
> Representatives of national organisations dealing
with ocean energy;
> Representatives of European bodies;
> Ocean energy technology developers.
In addition to these contributions, a number of reports related to
offshore renewables and ocean energy were used, such as: The
Carbon Trust's MARINE ENERGY CHALLENGE; the Forum for
Renewable Energy Development in Scotland's (FREDS) Marine
Energy Groups (MEG) MARINE ENERGY ROADMAP; The
European Wind Energy Association's (EWEA) 2007 report
DELIVERING OFFSHORE WIND POWER IN EUROPE and 2009
report OCEANS OF OPPORTUNITIES; The British Wind Energy
Association's (now known as RenewableUK) THE BENEFITS OF
MARINE TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN A DIVERSIFIED RENEWABLES
MIX and MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY, STATE OF THE
INDUSTRY REPORT October 2009.
This Roadmap for Ocean Energy in Europe has been prepared
under the contract: TREN/07/FP6EN/S07.75308/038571
EU-OEA.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
3/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
2-3
roadmap
Foreword
uropean policy-makers are facing a challenging strategy a balancing act of combating climate
change and securing the energy supply, while ensuring global cost competitiveness. The ocean can
become a major element of this strategy: ocean energy. Europe has the oldest maritime industry, vastocean energy resources and it is a pioneer in ocean energy technologies. It is well positioned to lead
the world in harvesting ocean energy. Now is the time for the EU to act in a coordinated manner in order to
develop these technologies to their full potential and consequently export them around the globe.
Ocean energy technologies are maturing, but their development needs to be accelerated by a policy framework,
equivalent to that which promoted the offshore oil and gas sector from the 1960s onwards and, more recently,
the offshore wind sector.
This Roadmap is the work of the European Ocean Energy Association; it is intended to map out the potential
development of ocean energy up to 2020 and beyond to 2050. The Roadmap identifies issues and barrierssurrounding the sector. We intend this document to be the first step towards a similar policy framework that
European countries implemented for offshore oil and gas and offshore wind.
Ocean energy is a European matter, whether there is a coastline or not. Ocean energy offers a domestic energy
resource for the EU which, to-date, has been largely untapped. Companies that make up the ocean energy
sector recognise the challenges that need to be overcome to make the vision a reality. They are ready to invest
the time and money required to advance the European ocean energy industry. This roadmap calls on the EU
Member States and the European Commission to provide strong policy measures and adequate support for the
sector to realise its full potential.
E
Alla WeinsteinPresident
Nathalie RousseauExecutive Director
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
4/36
If 0.1% of the renewable energyavailable within the oceans couldbe converted into electricity it wouldsatisfy the present world demand
for energy more than five times over.UK Marine Foresight Panel, 2000
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
5/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
4-5
roadmap
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................ 6Key objectives of a European Industrial Initiative for ocean energy ........................... 7
THE SCOPE OF OCEAN ENERGY.......................................................................... 8
OCEAN ENERGY IN EUROPE ............................................................................. 12
Synergies with renewable energy sources ............................................................. 14
AN OCEAN OF BENEFITS .................................................................................. 16
The European energy challenge........................................................................... 17
Climate change ................................................................................................. 17
A diversified, local energy mix ............................................................................ 18
Towards a knowledge-based economy .................................................................. 18A new flow of job creation .................................................................................. 18
MARKETS SAIL TO OCEAN ENERGY'S TRUE POTENTIAL.................................... 20
Ocean energy can grow at the same speed as wind ............................................... 22
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES...................................................................... 24
Policy ............................................................................................................... 25
Market.............................................................................................................. 26
Research & development .................................................................................... 28
Environment & planning ..................................................................................... 29
EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL INITIATIVE FOR OCEAN ENERGY................................. 30Strategic objective ............................................................................................. 31
Industrial sector objective .................................................................................. 31
Technology objectives......................................................................................... 31
Actions ............................................................................................................. 33
Estimated costs to reach 240 MW of installed capacity ........................................ 34
Strategic key performance indicators ................................................................... 34
Table ofcontents
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
6/36
e Roadmap for te deeopment of te ocean
energ industr in Europe proides a set of
steps wic, once impemented, woud faciitate
epoitation of te ast European ocean energ
resources and enabe te reaisation of 3.6 GW of
instaed capacit b 2020, and cose to 188 GW b 2050.
Tabe 1 quantifies te potentia benefits of deeoping a
European ocean energ sector in 2020 and 2050. Based on
tese projections, te ocean energ sector coud generate
significant ees of empoment, contribute to carbon reduction
targets and drie major inestment.
A number of EU Member States ae put in pace attractie
financia incenties, in terms of bot reenue support and
capita grants, and ae deeoped word-cass testing faciities
for ocean energ.
Current a te major utiities are engaged in te industr,
eiter b inesting in tecnoog or projects, or b committing
resources to draw up strategies tat best support te ocean
energ industr. Te are serious about te deeopment of te
European ocean energ industr and recognise tat, as te
utimate end-customers of ocean energ tecnoog, te ae
a major roe to pa in ear-stage deeopment. Major
manufacturers are epressing interest in te industr b
inesting direct in tecnoog deeopment.
To reaise tis potentia and secure te associated benefits, te
industr must oercome a number of caenges. A new
generation of fu-scae ocean energ conersion deices wi
ae to be instaed and demonstrate teir operationa
capabiities in te net few ears. Manufacturing processesneed to be deeoped, automated and optimised wit
knowedge transfer from, and industria cooperation wit, oter
sectors, primari offsore wind and offsore oi and gas.
Eectricit network connections wi aso ae to be panned to
enabe major ocean energ power deier.
A compreensie researc programme to constant improe
te tecnica and economic performance of ocean energ
conersion deices wi support industr deeopment. It wi aso
Executivesummary
Installed Direct Jobs1 Total Jobs CO2 avoided InvestmentCapacity / GW (Direct & Indirect)2 Mt/year3 m.4
3.6 (in 2020) 26,000 40,000 2.61 8,544
188 (in 2050) 314,213 471,320 136.3 451,104
Table 1 ESTIMATED BENEFITS OF DEVELOPING A WORLD LEADING EUROPEANOCEAN ENERGY INDUSTRY
1. FREDS, Marine Energy Group, Roadmap, 20092. FREDS, Marine Energy Group, Roadmap, 20093. Fakta om Vindenergi, Faktablad M2, Januar 2007, www.dkvind.dk4. FREDS, Marine Energy Group, Roadmap, 2009
T
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
7/36
be necessar to integrate preious mapped ocean resources
and transmission capacit potentias in Europe.
Risk reduction wi be required to eerage priate inestment
into te ocean energ industr; tis can be acieed b
appropriate fisca poicies (grant support and market pu).
Reenue incenties are important, oweer, te are current
insufficient and wi not work in isoation from capita support
measures in te ear stages of industr growt. It is anticipated
tat costs wi reac mature ees after a number of commercia
scae deeopments utiising tecnoogies of simiar generic
design ae been instaed.
It is te opinion of te European Ocean Energ Association
(EU-OEA) tat a joint priate/pubic effort, suc as te
estabisment of a European Industria Initiatie, is critica for
te deeopment of te European ocean energ industr. A
European Industria Initiatie woud bring togeter te necessar
critica mass of priate/pubic resources to adance te industr
to fu commerciaisation. Te incusion of ocean energ witin
te upcoming framework programme wi enabe it to eerage
priate inestment, acceerating deeopment and acieing te
associated benefits of a triing ocean energ industr.
Te EU-OEA as committed itsef to supporting and faciitating
te deeopment of suc a European Industria Initiatie. An
initia step soud be te estabisment of te Strategic Ocean
Energ Patform tat wi gater ke industria paers and
aciee te critica mass required to set out te industria and
tecnoogica objecties for a joint European Industria Initiatie.
Te estabisment of a Strategic Ocean Energ Patform and a
European Industria Initiatie are terefore te ke recommen-
dations of tis Roadmap. I
europeanocean
energyassociation
6-7
roadmap
KEY OBJECTIVES OF AEUROPEAN INDUSTRIALINITIATIVE FOR OCEANENERGY
To demonstrate the operational competitiveness
of power generated from ocean energy, to enable
the exploitation of the ocean energy resources,
and to facilitate grid integration of ocean power.
This will be achieved by:
> Continued prototype testing, andinstallation and operation of commercial
scale ocean energy projects.
> Delivery of significant infrastructureand financial support.
> Ensuring grid availability at theinterconnection points of ocean energy
projects and transmission lines.
> Assessing and mapping European oceanenergy resources across Europe and reducingthe forecasting uncertainties of ocean energy
production.
KEY TARGETS:> SATISFYING 15% OF THE EU ENERGY DEMAND> CREATING APPROXIMATIVELY 470,000 NEW JOBS
> AVOIDING 136 MT/MWH OF CO2
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
8/36
By 2030, 45% additional energywill be required to meet the needs of
the worlds population. Up to 67%of our current electricity comes from
fossil fuel. CO2 emissions could riseby as much as 45%. To face ourenergy challenges, ocean energy
represents a source of energythat is safe, inexhaustible an
entirely predictable.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
9/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
8-9
roadmap
imate cange and an
increasing dependenc on
imported energ b te
European Member States
require te compreensie
and ambitious deeopment of renewabe
energ sources. Ocean energ is a
renewabe energ tat as great potentia
for a significant contribution to te
reduction of greenouse gas emissions,
can produce 15% of te European
eectricit mi, offers a oca anddecentraised energ source, creates
word-cass ig-tec industries, and
g en er at es s ig ni fi ca nt e co no mi c
deeopment.
Te European Union (EU) as compeing
reasons for setting up an enabing
framework to promote ocean energ.
To reac te ambitious renewabe energ
targets set b te EU, it is undisputabe
tat ocean energ, being part of te
renewabe energ mi, constitutes a ke
eement of a sustainabe future.
Setting out a long-term visionfor ocean energy
Tis European Ocean Energ Roadmap
sets a ong-term ision for tis emerging
sector. It aims to igigt to poic-
makers at EU and nationa ees tat te
ocean energ sector requires support in
order to aciee i ts potentia and
demonstrate resuts and benefits simiar
to, or better tan oter renewabe energ
sectors. Te Roadmap outines a pat
forward for adancing ocean energ
poicies, markets and tecnoogies. It
furter suggests a egisatie framework
for te promotion and use of ocean
energ in Europe tat wi proide te
business communit wit te ong-term
stabiit it needs to make rationa
inestment decisions in te sector,
proiding European rate-paers wit a
ceaner, more secure and competitie
energ future and economic deeop-
ment.Te Roadmap for te deeopment of te
ocean energ industr in Europe aims to
adance deeopment of ocean energ
tecnoogies, to enabe te epoitation of
ast European resources of wae, tida
and osmotic energ, to faciitate grid
integration of ocean power, and to enabe
te industr to reac 3.6 GW of instaed
capacit b 2020 and cose to 188 GW
b 2050.
Ocean energ represents an untapped
renewabe energ source for Europe. As
te sector continues its deeopment
from te pre-commercia stage, it is abe
to take adantage of certain deeop-
ments offered b te offsore wind
industr, name te infrastructure,
supp cain, grid connection and
understanding of te enironmenta
impacts. In te same wa as offsore
wind became a natura progression of
onsore wind, taking approimate tesame period of time to become
commercia iabe, ocean energ is
projected to foow a simiar deeopment
cce. Furtermore, ocean energ offers
additiona benefits wen compared wit
offsore wind good predictabiit and
forward-ooking forecasting, reduced
isua impact, and potentia iger
oad factors.
/
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, Article 3-1.
// OCEAN ENERGY HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE TOPLAY IN RESPONSE TO INCREASING ENERGY NEEDS
AND CO2 REDUCTION. //
C
Te scope forocean energy
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
10/36
_te scope for ocean energy
The need for a EuropeanIndustrial Initiative
It is te opinion of te autors tat a joint
industria/pubic effort, suc as te
estabisment of a European Industria
Initiatie, is critica for te deeopment of
te European ocean energ industr. A
European Industria Initiatie woud bring
togeter te necessar critica mass of
priate/pubic resources to adance te
industr to contribution potentia. Wie
offsore wind coud reac saturation b
around 2035, ocean energ coud
proide continuous epansion of offsore
renewabe energ generation b bringing
on ine approimate 188 GW of instaed
capacit, or 15% of projected European
consumption.
Current a te major utiities are serious
about te deeopment of te European
ocean energ industr and recognise
tat, as te utimate end-customers ofocean energ tecnoog, te ae a
major roe to pa in its ear-stage
deeopment. Major manufacturers are
aso epressing interest in te industr
b inesting direct in tecnoog
deeopment.
Acieing tese objecties presents a
range of caenges. Since te industr is
at a deeopment stage, component
manufacturing, transportation, instaa-
tion, operation and maintenance must be
furter defined. Offsore wind wiproide auabe eperience tat can be
eeraged for te rapid adancement of
ocean energ. In addition, connections to
eectricit networks wi ae to be
panned to enabe te deier of
generated power and te fu operation of
te eectrica networks wit supp from aariabe power source. I
BY 2020, OCEAN ENERGY COULD GENERATE 3.6 GW, OR 9 TWH/Y.ENOUGH TO POWER 1,788,554 THREE-BEDROOM HOMES EVERY YEAR.
ThE EUROPEAN INDUSTRIALINITIATIVE ON OCEAN ENERGY
IS NECESSARY TO:> Integrate previously mapped ocean resources and transmission
capacity potentials in Europe through coordinated campaigns
and to develop spatial planning tools;
> Increase the number of offshore and onshore testing facilitiesto test ocean energy device components, subsystems and
systems;
> Deploy demonstration ocean energy projects with a minimuminstalled capacity of 40 MW;
> Develop new manufacturing processes to reach high volumeproductions;
> Develop installation, operation and maintenancemethodologies to provide further cost reduction;
> Demonstrate grid integration techniques at an industrialscale;
> Establish a comprehensive research programme to constantlyimprove the technical and economic performance of ocean
energy conversion devices, which will serve as a backbone
for the industrys advancement.
Pursuing an ambitious ocean energy policy for Europe would require
taking proactive initiatives at every policy and decision-making level
to provide adequate support for the development of an ocean energy
sector that can become a major contributor to the carbon free society
and energy independence, whilst spurring innovation and economic
development. This Roadmap defines the initial framework for such
initiatives.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
11/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
10-11
roadmap
OE Buoy " Sealen", developed by Ocean Energy Ltd. with a financial support from Sustainable Energy Ireland
Seabased, developed by Seabased AB.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
12/36
The rapid developmentof ocean energy
technology is moving ittowards an emerging
European industry.
Kobold Turbine, developed by Ponte Di Archimede.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
13/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
12-13
roadmap
e European ocean energ
industr is deeoping rapid
wit new paers constant
entering te fied, incuding
increased inoement of
industria organisations. Major utiities
and arge industria companies are now
engaged in a number of projects,
current under deeopment or in te
panning stages. Industria paers and
stabe partnersips ae te capacit to
mobiise te necessar resources toadance tese projects to te
commercia pase.
Forms of ocean energy
Ocean energ resources incude energ
from waes, tides, bot current and
range, ocean currents, temperature
gradients and sainit gradients (osmotic).
Te best ocean energ resources witin
te European Member States are wae,
tida current and tida range. Sstemsdeeoped for aresting tese resources
ae seen te most tecnoogica
adancement.
Wae energ as te argest potentia in
Europe and wordwide and can be
captured in a number of different was
incuding troug point absorbers,
attenuators, oertopping, osciating wae
surge conertors, and osciating water
coumns.
Tese state-of-te art tecnoogies can
be demonstrated at fu scae.
Seera tida pants are in te panning
pase witin te European Union,
ocated at suitabe estuaries and tida
agoons. Tese tida barrage instaations
consist of dams and reseroirs wit te
same operationa principe as conen-
tiona dro power pants.
A number of piot tida stream projects
are under deeopment to find te most
cost effectie metod for generation,instaation and maintenance.
Osmotic sstems are being deeoped in
Norwa and in te Neterands. Ocean
terma resources are aaiabe in a few
European countries in addition to
oerseas territories ocated coser to te
Equator.
Te atest pubication of te STATE OF
ThE ART OF OCE AN ENE RGy ,
produced b te European Ocean Energ
Association on an annua basis and
aaiabe on te Associations website,
proides more in-dept anasis of ocean
energ tecnoogica adancements.
European stakeoders are deeoping
seera different wae and tida energ
sstems. Specific deeopment zones,
incuding testing faciities, grid infra-
structure and icensing rounds are
aaiabe to deeopers in Ireand,
Norwa, Denmark, te UK, Portuga,
Finand, Spain, France and Ita.
Ocean energy is ready for
large scale installations
It is epected tat once sstems ae
demonstrated teir operationa perfor-
mance and suriabiit in te fied,
ocean energ wi be read to adance to
arge-scae pre-commercia instaations.
Suc projects wi require pooed
resources from te financia communit,
arge industria paers, end-users and
te pubic, in order to sare te burden ofnew tecnoogica deeopments.
/
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, Article 3-1.
// OCEAN ENERGY RESOURCES INCLUDE WAVES,TIDES, BOTH CURRENT AND RANGE, OCEAN CURRENTS,TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS AND SALINITY GRADIENTS
(OSMOTIC). //
T
Ocean energyin Europe
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
14/36
SYNERGIES WIThRENEWABLE ENERGYSOURCES
Wave Dragon - Wave Dragon is a floating, slack-moored energyconverter of the overtopping type that can be deployed in a single unit or in arrays
of Wave Dragon units in groups resulting in a power plant with a capacitycomparable to traditional fossil based power plant. Wave Dragon has applied fordeploying a 7 MW device of the coast of Wales, UK in 2011.Source: www.wavedragon.net
Wave Dragon, developed by Wave Dragon ApS.
Pulse tidal, developed by IT Power.
Pulse tidal - Twin hydrofoils positionedacross the tidal flow are pushed up or down by movingwater according to the angle of the foil in the water.This movement drives a conventional generatorsituated above the water surface. Pulse Tidal issupported by Marubeni Corporation, it Power ascompany shareholders.Source: www.pulsegeneration.co.uk/?q=node/34
To accelerate the development of, and penetration into, the European energy market,
ocean energy can take advantage of lessons learnt from other sectors that have developed
market viability. These should be integrated as a path to overcoming both technological
and non-technological barriers and to facilitate the sector's development.
Other sectors of renewable energy production, in particular
offshore wind and hydro, share some technical similarities and
have to address similar issues relating to permiting or grid
connection as those encountered by ocean energy.
> Grid connection issues are common to most forms ofrenewable energy plant, in particular offshore wind which
requires major investment for infrastructure upgrades.
> Offshore wind, wave and tidal energy in particular sharesynergies in relation to governmental marine policies, marine
stakeholders and spatial constraints. More specifically, ocean
energy development should be included in maritime spatial
planning, which is taking place increasingly at a European
level.
> Ocean energy technologies (especially tidal range) rely on civilengineering and fabrication techniques that are commonly
used in the shipbuilding industry and the offshore oil and
gas sector.5
> Within a much longer-term view, ocean energy power plantscould be used for the production of drinking water through
desalinisation. This could be a major asset for local
populations that have limited access to drinking water, in
particular in Mediterranean and tropical countries. Some
studies suggest that a 2 MW power plant could produce4,300 cubic meters of desalinated water for drinking and
irrigation each day.6 This process has been reported particularly
for ocean thermal energy conversion, but could possibly be
extended to other technologies.
State of the art
Europe as recent eperienced a number
of projects were deeopers ae been
supported b big utiities. Te eampes
seen beow sowcase some of tese
adancements.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
15/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
14-15
roadmap
5.http://www.hydro-gen.fr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&Itemid=46.http://www.nrel.gov/otec/desalination.html7.http://www.nrel.gov/otec/refrigeration.html8.http://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=251073098469.http://www.hydro-gen.fr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1&Itemid=2&lang=en
SeaGen - Tidal turbines work much like submergedwindmills, but driven by flowing water rather than air. They can beinstalled in the sea at places with high tidal current velocities, or
in places with fast enough continuous ocean currents. MarineCurrent Turbines is supported in part by EDF and ESBInternational, both European utilities.Source: www.marineturbines.com/21/technology/
> Looking further into the future, ocean energy could be usedfor heating and cooling of buildings near the coastline. This
possible synergy would require further investigation, as little
research has yet been carried out, apart from in the field of
ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), where pumping cold
water from the depths of the ocean could enable cheap
refrigeration and environment-friendly air-conditioning.7
> Early stage research is underway to develop a new generationof bio-fuels that will come from algae cultivated in the ocean.
Ocean energy devices could potentially be used to grow these
new bio-fuels.8 Furthermore, electricity produced from the
ocean could be used to produce hydrogen from seawater,
which could also be used as a fuel for vehicles replacing oil. 9
Finally, other applications of ocean energy production should
be researched, as they may constitute important opportunities
for future development of the sector.
Statkraft - Freshwater and salt water are channelledinto separate chambers, separated by an artificial membrane.The salt molecules in the seawater draw the freshwaterthrough the membrane by osmosis, causing the pressureon the seawater side to increase to the equivalent of a120 metres waterfall. This pressure can be used in a turbineto make electricity.Source: www.statkraft.com/energy-sources/osmotic-power/osmotic-power-in-brief/
Osmotic Power Prototype, developed by Statkraft.
Seagen, developed by Marine Current Turbines.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
16/36
Ocean energybrings security of
supply, innovationand economic
development.
Full scale Oyster prototype at the fabrication yard.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
17/36
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
18/36
_an ocean of benefits
0.1% OF THE THEORETICAL POTENTIAL FOR ALL OCEAN ENERGYTECHNOLOGIES IS ESTIMATED AT OVER 5 TIMES THE CURRENTGLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
On te oter and, as ong as ocean
energ contributes approimate on
1% to te tota eectricit consumption,
tis can be ignored.
A diversified, local energy mix
Ocean energ can contribute to te EU
oera targets of proiding a more
diersified energ mi b using a oca
aaiabe, renewabe energ source.
A diersified energ mi, bot geo-
grapica and tecnoogica, can
resoe te issue of ariabiit. Ocean
energ can bring added aue to te
European Union's energ mi. Indeed, it
as been estabised tat wind andocean energ are compementar. A
recent Renewabe UK stud concuded
tat diersifing te renewabe energ
mi b incuding a greater proportion of
marine energ woud reduce require-
ments for resere capacit and ead to
annua saings in reation to te annua
woesae cost of eectricit.11
Towards a knowledge-basedeconomy
Ocean energ tecnoogies are at te
forefront of innoation. Een tecnoogies
tat ae been used in marine
appications require furter deeopment
and testing in order to optimise teir use
in ocean energ deices.
Te European Union committed to
deeoping innoation and competitie-
ness as te basis of te continent's
econom at te lisbon European Counci
in 2000. It cas for estabising te most
dnamic and knowedge-based econom
in te word capabe of sustainabe
economic growt wit more and better
jobs and greater socia coesion and
respect12 witin te European Union.
Promoting ocean energ is in ine wit te
lisbon Strateg:
First, te deeopment of state-of-te-
art tecnoogies for arnessing
ocean energ supports a knowedge-
based econom, positioning te EU to
deeop a strong competitie industr,
and emerge as a word eader.
Second, te deeopment of te
ocean energ sector woud ead to te
creation of a supp cain wic
coud cross te woe of Europe, een
in countries wit no or itte coastine.
Tis woud be a major benefit for te
continent's econom as a woe, and
is again in ine wit te lisbon
Strateg for growt and jobs.
Fina, ocean energ is a renewabe
source of energ tat proides a
contribution to cimate cange
mitigation.
Ocean energ soud be considered a
priorit for European Union poic
makers, as it coud be one of te ke
assets in fufiing te EU goas for te
21st centur.
A new flow of job creation
Ocean energ is we positioned to
contribute to regiona deeopment in
Europe, especia in remote and
coasta areas. Te manufacturing,
transportation, instaation, operation and
maintenance of ocean energ faciities
11. The Benefits of Marine Technologies within a Diversified Renewables Mix, Redpoint Energy Limited for BWEA, April 2009. An annual saving of 0.9bn is equal to 3.3% of
the annual wholesale cost of electricity. These figures are derived from hypothetical years in the future, with annual demands of 400TWh, of which 39% is met by generation
of renewables. These savings are derived from a 60/40 percentage split of wind/marine energy.12. Lisbon European Council 23-24 March 2000 Presidency Conclusions
Fig. 1 JOB CREATION PER MW OF OCEAN ENERGYINSTALLED CAPACITY
5
4
3
2
1
0
4
3
2
1
0
Wave Energy Tidal Energy
Numberofjobs
I Direct I Indirect
Develop
ment
expe
nses
Preli
m.&mana
geme
nt
Devic
esupply
Foun
datio
nsupply
Offsh
ore
electric
alsupply
Farm
monit
oring
syste
m
Insta
llatio
n
Onsh
ore
Develop
ment
expe
nses
Preli
m.&mana
geme
nt
Devic
esupply
Foun
datio
nsupply
Offsh
ore
electric
alsupply
Farm
monit
oring
syste
m
Insta
llatio
n
Onsh
ore
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
19/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
18-19
roadmap
DEVELOPING OCEAN ENERGY TO 3.6 GW COULD BRING40,000 NEW JOBS. MORE PEOPLE THAN THE WHOLE
EUROPEAN COMMISSION IN BRUSSELS.
13. Batten, W. M. J & Bahaj, A. B.: An assessment of growth scenarios and implications for ocean energy industries in Europe, Sustainable Energy Research Group, School of
Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Report for CA-ocean energy, Project no. 502701, WP5, 2006, 9 pp14. Ibid, p. 44
wi generate reenue and empoment.
For eampe, te Scottis Goernments
Marine Energ Group Roadmap suggests
tat te marine energ industr coud
proide up to 12,500 jobs, contributing
2.5 biion to te Scottis econom b
2020. Te instaation of one fu-scae
wae energ deice in te Orkne Isands
in Scotand as resuted in direct spend
of more tan 1miion in te oca
econom.
Studies13 suggest tat ocean energ as a
significant potentia for positie economic
impact and job creation as presented in
Figure 1.
It is anticipated tat approimate 10 to
12 direct and indirect jobs woud be
created for eac MW of ocean energ
instaed.14
Paraes can aso be drawn wit te
growt of te wind industr. Eport of
cean tecnoog now accounts for
7.1 biion annua in Denmark, wie in
German eport of wind tecnoog aone
is wort oer 5.1 biion.
Based on te projections for instaed
capacit, as stated in Tabe 1 (page 6), b
2020 te ocean energ sector wigenerate oer 26,000 direct and 13,000
indirect jobs, for a tota of cose to
40,000. B 2050 tese numbers woud
increase to 314,213, 157,107 and
471,320 respectie. I
Oyster device being hausted by the heavy lift sheerleg crane to take out to sea.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
20/36
In 2050 electricityproduction from ocean
energy could reach645 TWh the equivalent
of 100 nuclear plants.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
21/36
n 2007 te countries of te European
Union consumed 2,926 TW of
eectricit.15 Ocean energ generation
as a potentia to reac 3.6 GW of
instaed capacit b 2020 and cose
to 188 GW b 2050 (Figure 2). Tis
represents oer 9 TW/ ear b 2020 and
oer 645 TW/ear b 2050, amounting to
0.3% and 15% of te projected EU-27
eectricit demand b 2020 and 2050
respectie.
Te potentia growt of ocean energ
instaed generating capacit depends on
seera factors suc as tecnoogica
readiness, poitica and economic support
structures and incenties, and aaiabiit
of te grid.
Ocean energ resources are aaiabe in
EU Member States aong te Atantic Arc,
te Mediterranean Sea and te Nort Sea.
As suc, fourteen EU Member States and
two Associated countries wi be actie
inoed in te deeopment of te ocean
energ industr. At tis point Begium,
Denmark, Finand, France, Greece,
Ireand, Ita, te Neterands, Portuga,
Spain, Sweden, Norwa, and te United
Kingdom are actie inoed in
tecnoog and project deeopment.
Countries suc as German, Poand and
Switzerand are inoed as component
suppiers and as financia inestors.Te numbers presented aboe are
acieabe targets for ocean energ at te
European ee. Te Frenc Goernment
as recent announced an objectie of
800 MW of instaed ocean energ b
2020.16 Te Scottis Marine Energ Group
as proposed a scenario of 2 GW of
instaed capacit b te same date. Simiar
targets are being deeoped in te UK,
Ireand and oter EU Member States wit
ocean energ resources. Tis indicates
tat stated targets are bot poiticaacceptabe and acieabe. (Figure 4)
// THE POTENTIAL GROWTH OF OCEAN ENERGYINSTALLED CAPACITY DEPENDS ON TECHNOLOGICAL
READINESS, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT, ANDAVAILABILITY OF THE GRID. //
europeanocean
energyassociation
20-21
roadmap
Markets sail to ocean energy'strue potential
15. The World Fact Book (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2042rank.html)16. http://www.greenunivers.com/2009/07/grenelle-mer-gossement-9677/
I
Figure 2 PROJECTED OCEAN ENERGY INSTALLED CAPACITY
200
180
160
140
120
10080
60
40
20
0
3.6 GW
188 GW
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
22/36
_markets sail to ocean energy's true potential
TIDAL ENERGY COULDPROVIDE A SOURCE OF
STABLE AND PREDICTABLE
ELECTRICITY TWICE A DAY.
OSMOTIC AND OCEAN THERMALENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
COULD BE PRODUCE ELECTRICITY
AT ALL TIMES OF DAY AND NIGHT.
Ocean energy can grow at thesame speed as wind
Te 2009 European Wind Energ
Associat ion report OCEANS OFOPPORTUNITIES indicates tat offsore
wind growt is foowing a simiar
depoment rate cure as tat of onsore
wind (Figure 3) if tis atter cure is
proper dispaced on te time ais. Tis is
important wen predicting te possibe
cumuatie depoed growt for ocean
energ.
Tis istorica wind growt rate can be
etrapoated to project a simiar growt
rate for ocean energ as for te offsore
wind sector.
Te onsore wind supp cain grew wit
te growt of te industr. Te offsore
wind industr benefits from te eisting
onsore wind and offsore oi and gas
supp cain, wit te eception ofdedicated, epensie instaation esses
tat are in sort supp. Furtermore
onsore wind (and to some etent offsore
wind) started in a reatie sma number
of countries.
Te nationa targets presented in Figure 4
indicate tat a significant number of EU
Member States ae estabised targets
for ocean energ. Tese targets, te
aaiabiit of test sites for prototpe
deeopment, te instaation of ocean
energ demonstration farms in EU
Member States and in Norwa, as we as
past depoments, indicate supp cain
deeopment and market readiness. I
WAVE ENERGY HASTHE LARGEST POTENTIAL
IN EUROPE ANDWORLDWIDE.
Armoured sub sea cables.
Figure 3 ONSHORE, OFFSHORE WIND & OCEAN ENERGYPROJECTED GROWTH
Onshore wind
Offshore wind
Ocean energy
Cumulativeinstalledcapacity(GW)
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
150
100
50
0
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
23/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
22-23
roadmap
NATIONAL TARGETS FOR OCEAN ENERGY IN EUROPEFigure 4
Ireland
0,5 GWin 2020
Denmark
0,5 GWin 2020
France
0,8 GWin 2020
Spain (Basque)
0,1 GWin 2010Portugal
0,3 GWin 2020
United Kingdom
2,0 GWin 2020
Spain (Canary isl.)
0,5 GWin 2015
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
24/36
To achieve oceanenergy's true potential,
existing barriers needto be eliminated as
rapidly as possible.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
25/36
// HINDRANCES TO THE YOUNG INDUSTRY HAVE BEENORGANISED IN FOUR CATEGORIES: POLICY, MARKETS, R&D,AND ENVIRONMENTAL & PERMITING PRACTICES. //
europeanocean
energyassociation
24-25
roadmap
Callenges& opportunities
e ocean energ industr is at te forefront of
industria deeopment. Recent initiaties
trougout te EU geared towards cean energ
generation ae created significant opportunities
for te ocean energ sector. Tese programs are
main inked to European and nationa commitments to
promote cean energ generating tecnoogies to assist EU
Member States in reducing te generation of greenouse
gasses and reduce teir dependenc on imported energ.
A number of barriers inder te abiit of ocean energ to reac
its true potentia. If te ocean energ industr is to deeop to
te ees enisioned b te EU Member States, tese barriers
need to be eiminated as quick as possibe. Suc barriers
incude siting and icensing issues, access to project finance,
competitie non discriminator access to te grid, skied
personne and management, tecnoogica deeopment, ack
of standards and certification, as we as supp cain and
enironmenta issues.
Te caenges and opportunities ae been organised into four
categories:
Poic
Markets & Access to Financia Resources
Researc and Deeopment
Enironmenta Requirements and Permiting Practices
PoicAccording to the European Commission, the 20% binding target by 2020 implies that 35%
of electricity has to be generated from renewable energy sources. This number increases in
percentage terms beyond 2020, the time frame when ocean energy is poised to make a
significant contribution. Strong policy measures are required to achieve these contributions.
T
For some EU Member States, ocean
energ represents a significant source ofrenewabe energ. In order to deeop, te
sector needs consistent poices. Tese
incude te aaiabiit of financia support
mecanisms, notab reenue incenties
and capita funding at European and
nationa ees, streamined icensing and
permiting procedures, as we as strong
poitica commitment to support te
adancement of ocean energ.
Opportunities
Establishing a European policyframework for ocean energy
To guarantee inestor confidence and to
deeop ocean energ demonstration
instaations, te sector needs a strong and
stabe poitica framework. Te frameworksoud be based on te foowing
principes: egisation and poic
(specifica pament mecanisms), grid
access, enironmenta poicies and R&D
programs. Suc a framework wi support
te EU Member States tat ae incuded
ocean energ in teir nationa action pans
containing sector targets and quantifi-
cation of te epected contribution of
ocean energ power. Te framework
soud proide a means to deeop ocean
energ power effectie and incude: A streamined approac to accessing
financing mecanisms and scemes;
Te need for ong-term grid access
panning;
Te importance of more efficient
consent procedures wic buid onpast eperience and are in proportion
to te scae of te project;
Te estabisment and use of marine
spatia panning to identif optima
instaation sites.
Furtermore, tere is a need for increased
cooperation troug working groups from
pubic administrations and te ocean
energ industr to identif potentia
barriers and imitations and to suggest
measures to remoe tese.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
26/36
The supply chain in regions with ocean
energy - the Atlantic Arch, the North
Sea and the Mediterranean
Deeopment of a commercia ocean
energ industr wi require estabismentof a secure supp cain. Te needs of
te sector soud be incuded in supp
cain pans for future growt. Togeter,
EU Member States bordering on te
Atantic Ocean, te Nort Sea and te
Mediterranean soud address te needs
of an ocean energ sector supp cain
capabe of supporting European needs.
Tis soud focus on knowedge transfer
from eisting supp cains, notab
tose of te oi and gas sector.
Regulations, governmental and
European policies
Acieing a mature, cost-competitie
ocean energ industr wi require
tecnoogica adancement and poicies
tat support creation of te new industr.
Man of te caenges require an
integrated approac. Pubic acceptance of
ocean energ faciities can on be
acieed wit a streamined and
transparent icensing and permiting
process tat ensures pubic benefit from
te use of te resource.Gien te cross-border nature of ocean
energ, its deeopment wi interact wit
European poicies deaing wit spatia
panning. In particuar, te impact of
maritime and spatia panning poicies on
ocean energ needs to be addressed ear
on. Poicies regarding sipping and
naigation wi ae to take ocean energ
into account and EU Member States wi
ae to decide ow te wis to manage
te interaction between te new industr
and teir nationa securit needs.
Planning for the ocean energy industry
in relation to other established uses of
the sea
Wie poicies for oter industria uses of te
sea (e.g. offsore oi and gas deeopment,
sipping, fising, aquacuture, etc.) are we
estabised, ocean energ represents an
uncarted territor for reguators and poic
makers. Reguator bodies ae been using
eisting reguator frameworks to permit
proposed ocean energ projects, but
additiona strategic panning and resourcemanagement strategies are needed to
address te specific requirements of a
commercia ocean energ industr.
Time inoement of te Transmission
Sstem Operators, eat and safet bodies,
and enironmenta autorities are among
te ke eements for te success of future
ocean energ instaations. In addition,
cooperation wit eisting sea users is
required to minimise conficts and
empasise te snergies and opportunities
proided b ocean energ. Tese industries
aso ae ke eperience and epertise tat
te ocean energ sector needs to deeop
cost effectie and safe. Simpified and
streamined processes and procedures for
te consent and permiting of ocean energ
instaations soud form te basis for ocean
energ poicies.
As wit an new industr sector, ocean
energ as et to reac maturit. Ocean
energ is read for te instaation of
demonstration and pre-commerciaprojects tat represent ig-risk
inestments and uncertain returns. Tis
requires risk saring between te priate
and te pubic sector.
After demonstration and pre-commercia
pases of deeopment, ocean energsstems wi be abe to secure financing
based on reenue support wen output
can be predicted. Eentua ocean energ
instaations wi be abe to aai temsees
of project financing mecanisms. At te
same time, supp cain companies wi beabe to pan for te upcoming require-
ments of ocean energ sstems.
_callenges & opportunities
MarketAchieving 3.6 GW of installed capacity by 2020 and approximately 188 GW by 2050
represents a high potential and, at the same time, significant challenge. Ocean energy systems
will have to be fabricated, transported, installed, operated and maintained. The industrial sector,
utilities and financial markets are starting to plan for this potential and to address these
challenges. In particular the market will need to be prepared to invest the sums required to
develop ocean energy projects of 100 MW over the next decade.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
27/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
26-27
roadmap
A recent pubised report b
RenewabeUK (ThE NExT STEPS AN
INDUSTRy RESPONSE TO ThE MARINE
ENERGy ACTION PlAN17) proides a
proposa of ow ocean energ coudpotentia be made more attractie to te
inestment communit:
Reenue incenties are important;
oweer te are current insufficient and
wi not work in isoation from capita
support measures in te ear stages of
industr growt.
Reenue incenties are powerfu
were energ production can be predicted
reasonab accurate. Wen marine
energ deices become read for
depoment in sma arras, reenue
incenties pa an important part in
making te projects economica iabe
and offset operation and maintenance
cost risk.
Een wit sufficient reenue incentie,
an upfront capita grant wi aso be
required to de-risk inestment in te first
arras. Under tis scenario, a marine
energ project starts to become attractie
to utiities. To secure inestment from
utiities, ocean energ offerings ae to be
on a par wit aternatie options. In
particuar, deice manufacturers ae tobe abe to offer potentia utiit inestors:
a) sufficient operating eperience to offer
guarantees in performance and reiabiit
and b) inoement of major manu-
facturers abe to underpin tese
guarantees bot tecnica and
financia.
OpportunitiesEstablishing stable, long-term markets
for ocean energy in Europe.
EU Member States and te European
Commission must work togeter to ensuretat te market for ocean energ in
Europe is stabe wit a ong-term ision.
Coordination of poicies to support te
sector is necessar to aow inestments to
be made, een at tis ear stage of
deeopment, b encouraging priate/
pubic partnersips. EU Member States
must coordinate te reguator and market
conditions to faciitate te adancement
from pre-commercia to commercia
ocean energ instaations tat deier
energ to te European grid.
Establishing the supply chain
for a timely and sustainable flow
of projects.
From initia site seection to deice
instaation and operation, te ocean
energ industr coers a wide range of
discipines, epertise and industria
sectors. Eac tpe of instaation, from
offsore instaations at 50 - 60 metres in
dept to sore-based or near-sore
sstems, wi present its own specific
caengesTis wi ca on epertise from adjacent
industries, suc as offsore oi and gas
and te offsore wind sector, for
construction and maintenance at sea
requiring speciaised equipment and
epertise. A te paers ae to pan and
inest to meet te caenge of arge-scae
ocean energ depoment.
Grid accessibility
In te same wa as oter decentraised
renewabe energ resources, ocean
energ faces a ack of adequate grid
access. Te sector needs to engage in teongoing diaog on te deeopment of te
European grid for offsore energ sources.
Creating comparable European training
and qualification standards to ensure
sufficient workforce capacity and
human resources, and to increase cross
border cooperation.
New requirements regarding empoee
quaifications in te areas of project
management, nationa and internationa
aw, quait assurance, occupationa
eat and safet, and tecnica Engis
are eident in amost a sectors of te
aue-added cain. Deficits in te
European market can be attributed to a
ack of compatabiit and transferabiit
of nationa professiona quaifications,
certificates and standards.
Work initiated b te Internationa
Eectrotecnica Commission (IEC)
Tecnica Committee 11418 on Marine
Energ in 2007 wi ead to te
deeopment of internationa standards for
ocean energ sstems. Work in progresson ocean energ sstems incudes:
reeant terminoog, design requirements,
resource caracterisation and its
assessment, and te eauation of
performance of ocean energ conerters
in te open sea.
17. http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/uk_supply/energy_mix/renewable/explained/wave_tidal/funding/marine_action_/marine_action_.aspx18. http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=102:17:0::::FSP_SEARCH_TC:114
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
28/36
_callenges & opportunities
OpportunitiesConducting research programmes
through dedicated joint calls
organised by the EU, encouraging
demonstration programmes of
full-scale projects, coastal onshore
prototype test sites and facilities
Oer te ast few ears, a number of rea
sea test sites ae eiter come on ine or
are in te process of being deeoped in
Europe. Tese incude te European
Marine Energ Centre (EMEC) in Scotand,
Wae hub in Engand, Bemuet in
Ireand. Tese test sites are intended to
proide support infrastructure and aid
prototpe depoment. Few deeopers,
oweer, ae been abe to take
adantage of tese test sites due to te
ack of adequate priate finance and
pubic support mecanisms.Onsore testing faciities tat can proide
tank testing and acceerated ife-time
assessment are essentia in de-risking
te tecnoog.
A European Industria Initiatie coud be
a mecanism for securing ong-term
pubic-priate partnersips. Suc an
initiatie coud acceerate te pace of
innoation and address te fragmentation
of te market and R&D efforts across
Europe priate and pubic b means
of a common and compeing StrategicResearc Agenda. One of te first steps
in tis initiatie coud be pan-European
demonstration projects funded part b
te EU and interested EU Member States
aongside industr.
Increasing ocean energy R&D support
at EU and national levels
Coaboratie efforts and increasing
targeted EU and nationa funds are
crucia for adancing ocean energ
tecnoog. It is ita tat suitabe
resources are put into R&D at bot EU
and EU Member State ee. Coordination
between EU and nationa researc
programmes and between arious stake-
oders, suc as researc institutes,
uniersities, industr and consutanc
firms, soud be encouraged and
supported.
Te strategic researc agenda for ocean
energ soud be deeoped to guide
R&D ef fort s in te k e ar eas o f:a) components and power take-off;
b) depoment and instaation metods;
and c) deeopment of design, operation
and maintenance toos; wit an objectie
of tecnoogica adancement from R&D
to demonstration, pre-commercia and,
fina, to commerciaisation.
Te European Commission must take
in to a cc oun t sec tor o pi nio ns in
formuating its R&D priorities for ocean
energ.
Increasing R&D cooperation between
industries and with
public authorities
Te European Industria Initiatie as to
ae a strategic goa to enance coope-
ration between te arious stakeoders.
Te strategic researc agenda, wic
forms te basis of te European
Industria Initiatie, and te market
depoment strateg wi incude te ong-
term priorities of resource assessment
and forecasting, ocean energ integration
wit te grid, offsore depoment,
operations and maintenance, eectricit
market eoution, poic recommenda-
tions, ong-term reenue support
mecanisms and enironmenta impact
assessment optimisation.
Increasing cooperation between
national and European technology
platforms
Seera EU Member States, incuding te
UK, Ireand, Denmark, Sweden, Spain,
Portuga and German, ae conducted
compreensie researc programmes on
ocean energ. Tese initiaties wi need
to be integrated into te Europe-wide
strategic researc agenda and impe-
mented troug te European Industria
Initiatie.
Researc &
Deeopment
Ocean energy technologies are advancing toward a larger scale. Research
is needed to enable cost effective, large-scale deployment of these
technologies. In 2009, the European Ocean Energy Association
conducted a workshop to define R&D priorities. The prime focus of all
R&D efforts for ocean energy should be to advance technological
development to pilot installations and demonstration projects that, in
turn, allow collection of field data for further research and development.
Sabella SAS. Developed by Hydrohelix Energies.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
29/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
28-29
roadmap
Assessing enironmenta impact is bot a
time-consuming and epensie process.
Atoug ocean energ is beieed to be
an enironmenta-friend tecnoog, it
is noneteess not possibe at tis stage
to precise assess a te possibe
impacts from te arious tecnoogies.
An effectie wa of impementing
maritime spatia panning at EU ee
soud foow te ROADMAP FOR
MARITIME SPATIAl PlANNING:
AChIEvING COMMON PRINCIPlES IN
ThE EU deeoped b te European
Commission. Ocean energ deeopment
needs to be considered togeter wit
oter users of space in order to imit
conficts in use and to increase pubic
support for tese promising tecnoogies.
Een before ocean energ farms are
constructed, tere are a considerabenumber of issues to be resoed
regarding site seection, incuding ega
rigts and coasta zoning.
Beond tecnica and economic issues,
te sustainabiit of te ocean energ
industr soud take into account
enironmenta compatibiit and impact
mitigation as ig design priorities, and
improement in te understanding of te
interactions between ocean energ
sstems and marine ecosstems.
Demonstrating te compatibiit of oceanenerg sstems wit ecoogica sstems
and uman uses of te ocean wi be
required for ocean energ deeopment
to proceed wit te necessar pubic
support.
OpportunitiesEU Member States should
strive for common regulatory
regime and legislative framework
for coastal areas
A stabe, predictabe poic framework is
er important for an emerging industr
as it reduces risk and promotes priate
inestment.
Te sea as no borders, atoug EU
Member States ae teir own sstems of
seabed ownersip and reguation. Tere
is a requirement for a common under-
standing and appication of eisting EU
enironmenta reguations to ensure tatrues are appied consistent. Tis wi
aow project deeopers to predict wit
confidence weter a particuar project
can be undertaken in an enironmenta
acceptabe manner.
Establishment and implementation
of marine spatial planning
Suitabe areas and ocations for ocean
energ in te marine enironment ma
compete wit oter uses of te sea, suc
as nature conseration, fiseries,transport, tourism and miitar interests.
To aciee optima site seection, marine
spatia panning instruments are needed
to ep resoe potentia conficts and
reguate te competing uses of te seas
troug a transparent decision-making
process.
Expanding existing cooperation
on environmental research to
more EU Member States
Te bod of knowedge on te impact of
ocean energ on te marine enironment
is sti er imited. It is important tat
eisting and generated knowedge in
different EU Member States is sared
efficient, so tat researc is not
dupicated and best practices can be
disseminated quick.
Te scope of cooperation on eniron-
menta issues coud be widened toincude tecnoogica-orientated aspects.
Te impacts of suc initiaties soud be
fu inestigated. I
Enironment
& Panning
Ocean energy systems are anticipated to have negligible
environmental impact. However, they may have an impact on
the fishing and shipping industries by creating restrictions
around ocean energy installations.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
30/36
A European IndustrialInitiative would bring togetherthe necessary critical mass of
private/public resources to
advance the industry to fullcommercialisation.
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
31/36
// A JOINT PRIVATE/PUBLIC EFFORT IS CRITICALFOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN OCEANENERGY INDUSTRY. //
europeanocean
energyassociation
30-31
roadmap
European industrialinitiative
n Noember 2007, te European
Commission adopted a proposa
for a European strategic energ
t ec no og p a n to e p t e
European Union position itsef to
deeop tecnoogies needed to meet its
poitica objecties and to ensure its
companies can benefit from te
opportunities of a new approac to
energ.
Tis pan stated, among oters, te need
to create European Industria Initiaties
to strengten energ researc and
innoation b bringing togeter appro-
priate resources and actors in a particuar
industria sector.
It is te opinion of te European Ocean
Energ Association (EU-OEA) tat suc
an initiatie is critica for te deeopment
of te European ocean energ industr as
it woud bring togeter te necessar
critica mass of priate/pubic resources
to adance te industr to fu
commerciaisation.
Te European Industria Initiatie for
ocean energ coud be summarized in
four areas: objecties, actions to be
taken, estimated costs and strategic ke
performance indicators.
Strategic objective
To demonstrate operationa competiti-
eness of power generated from ocean
energ, to enabe te epoitation of
ocean energ resources, and to faciitateintegration of ocean power into te grid.
Industrial sector objective
To insta 3.6 GW of generating capacit
from ocean energ sstems b 2020,
competing te ke miestones in Figure 5,
and to reac 188 GW of instaed capacit
b 2050.
Technology objectives
1. Installation of ocean energy
generating facilities with a
combined minimum capacity
of more than 240 MW:
- deeop arge-scae (MW ee)
ocean energ conersion deices.
- improe power output, suriabiit,
and mean time between faiures
troug second-generation designs,
contros and monitoring sstems.
- deeop manufacturing processes
troug cross-industria cooperation
wit te maritime and offsore oi
and gas sectors.
- deeop cost-effectie ogistics
tecniques for transportation,
instaation, operation and mainte-
nance of ocean energ deice
sstems at ig resource sites.
2. Support for infrastructure
and test sites:
- deeop and/or refine test sites
for testing ocean energ conersion
deices in rea operating
enironments.
- deeop financia support
mecanisms to aow te use of
eisting centres for testing new
prototpes.
- deeop support infrastructure,
esses and supp cain for cost-
effectie instaation of ocean energ
faciities.
3. Grid availability and integration
of a variable electricity supply
- ensure grid aaiabiit for ocean
energ faciities at interconnection
points and transmission ines.
4. Resource assessment and spatial
planning to support ocean energy
deployment.
- assess and map ocean resources
across Europe and reduce
forecasting uncertainties of ocean
energ production.
- deeop spatia panning
metodoogies and toos taking into
account enironmenta and socia
aspects.
- address and anase socia
acceptance of ocean energ projects
incuding promotion of best
practices.
I
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
32/36
_European Industrial Initiative
2010 2012 2015 2017 2020
1.Ocean energy
devices &generating
facilities
2.Financial support,
infrastructureand test sites
3.Grid
Integration
4.Enable oceanenergy
deployment
Development and testing of ocean energyplants of at least 40MW
Implementation of testing facilities for demo of MWscale ocean energy conversion devices
Demonstration of cost-effective logistics tecniques
Development of support infrastructure to testcomponents, subsystems and systems
Establis financial mecanisms to support testing oceanenergy devices
Clearly defined revenue support for commercial scaleocean energy projects.
Coordinate grid connection availability
Integration wit large scale storage systems & hVDC/hVACinterconnections
Conduct marine spatial planning analysis
Ocean energy resource/gridavailability campaign
Results of public acceptance analysis
Statistical forecast of ocean energyresources & energy production
EU spatial planning implemented
Support infrastructure operational
Installation tecniques for oceanenergy facilities
Testing anddemo
Additional facilitiesfor demo
R&D program focused on development of MW scale ocean energy conversion devices
Publication of EU 27 Ocean EnergyAtlas (wave, tidal, osmotic)
Installed 6 ocean energy generatingfacilities of at least 40MW
6 fully operational gridconnected installations
OCEAN ENERGY ROADMAPFigure 5
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
33/36
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
34/36
Te EU-OEA as committed itsef to supporting and faciitating te deeopment of suc an European
Industria Initiatie. An initia step soud be te estabisment of te Strategic Ocean Energ Patform tat
wi gater ke industria actors and aciee te critica mass required to set out te industria and
tecnoogica objecties for a joint European Industria Initiatie.
Te estabisment of a European Industria Initiatie and a Strategic Ocean Energ Patform are terefore te
ke recommendations of tis Roadmap. I
ESTIMATED COSTS TO REACH 240 MW OF INSTALLED CAPACITY
STRATEGIC KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Ocean energy installations delivering 9 TWh to the European grid by 2020.
Tecnology objectives Estimated Estimated EuropeanTotal Cost (M) Commission
Contribution (M)
1. Install at least 240MW of ocean energy generation capacity 2000 700
2. Develop/operate/support use of ocean energy test sites 300 150
3. Grid integration & revenue support mecanisms 250 100
4. R&D 100 50
Total 2 650 1 000
Activities Strategic key performance indicators
1. New MW range devices and components Individual ocean energy devices are able to produce > 1MW
of power by 2020
Transportation costs for ocean energy systems are reduced
by 10% and compared to oil and gas industry, by 50% by 2020
2. Ocean energy generating tecnologies Survivability and service life increased to matc te
offsore oil & gas sectors.
Installation costs of ocean energy systems reduced by 30%
by 2020 compared to te offsore oil & gas sectors.
Maintenance costs of ocean energy systems reduced by 50%
by 2020 compared to initial installations.
3. Grid integration Identified grid connection points/constraints wit at least
five EU Member States
4. Resource assessment and spatial planning Ocean resources and conditions capable of being predicted
wit a sufficient certainty to secure project finance.
_European Industrial Initiative
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
35/36
europeanocean
energyassociation
34-35
roadmap
European Ocean Energ AssociationRenewabe Energ house
Rue d'Aron 63 - 65, B-1040 Brusses, BegiumTe.: +32 (0)2 400 10 40
E-mai: [email protected]
ttp://www.eu-oea.com
8/8/2019 European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010
36/36
Its all About te Motion in te Ocean
EUROPEAN