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European North-East Atlantic Seamount Studies
Bernd Christiansen, Universität Hamburg, Germany
Contents
Seamounts in the NE AtlanticFeatures >1000 m15°N - 90°N and 42°W - 50°E
History of European seamount research
Sources of Information
Spatial distribution of European seamount research
Species diversity, distribution and biogeography
Mediterranean Seamounts
Concl sions
15° 15°
30° 30°
45° 45°
60° 60°
75° 75°
-45° -30° -15° 0° 15° 30° 45°
Seamounts in the NE Atlantic
rding to GEBCO
seamountsutside 200 nmdeeper 1000 m
mounts in the NE Atlantic
ording to satellite ravimetry data hingman and Lai
2004)
0 seamountsdeeper 1000 m
mounts in the NE Atlantic
of Monacorondelle880ies
allenger ep-sea pedition 870ies
History of European smt research
Nordatlantische enfahrten 1967, 1970 +
1998R.V. Meteor
JosephineGreat Meteor
History of European smt research
Seamount 1 1987R.V. Le Noroit
sitanian seamounts
Seamount 2 1993R.V. Suroit
ntis - Great Meteor
History of European smt research
3-OASIS
OceAnic Seamounts: an Integrated Study
History of European smt research
The OASIS projectroject OASIS aims at describing the functioning cteristics of seamount ecosystems.
bjective 1: Physical oceanographyentify and describe the physical forcing mechanisms effecting seamount
ems
bjective 2: Biogeochemistryssess the origin, quality and dynamics of particulate organic material within r column and surface sediment at seamounts.
bjective 3: Biologyescribe aspects of the biodiversity and the ecology of seamount biota, to asdynamics and the maintenance of their production.
bjective 4: Modellingelling the trophic ecology of seamount ecosystems.
2003-2005V. Poseidon (3)V. Meteor (1)V. Arquipelago (3)R.S. Discovery (1)
Seine
Sedlo
Ampère
History of European smt research
Sedlo SmtSedlo Smt
Seine SmtSeine Smt
The OASIS project: research sites
MAR-ECO 2004R.V. G.O Sars
Midatlantic Ridge
t cruises 2005, 2006R.V. Poseidon
proposal for 2008R.V. Meteor
e Verde seamounts: SenghorNoroeste
History of European smt research
Sources of information
•Kaufmann and Wilson (1991)•WWF/Rogers (2001)•Fock and von Westernhagen (2004)•Gubbay/OASIS 2003•Beck et al./OASIS (2005)•Seamounts Online
ounts which been ed ically: (out of more
600)
European smt research
y only it and upper regions
Taxonomic groups
•Fish: several seamounts
•Molluscs: Lusitanian seamounts, Azores
•Cnidarians and other macrobenthos: several seamounts in the region
•Meiofauna groups (nematodes, harpacticoids): Gt. Meteor, Seine, Sedlo
•Zooplankton, incl. ichtyoplankton: several seamounts
p ybiogeography
Fish
24 15 42
Number of familiespercentage of endemisms9 (?) 0 0
dlo: NE- Atlantic, MAR
phine, Seine, Great eor: SE-European Mediterranean, W-African shelf
p yibution, biogeography
Fish
Macrofauna: Molluscapercentage of endemisms
5 (?) 5 ?
p ydistribution, biogeography
Macrofauna: Mollusca
p ydistribution, biogeography
Great Meteor: invertebratespercentage of endemisms
6 6 ?
p y,distribution, biogeography
dlo: NE- Atlantic, MAR
phine, Seine, Great eor: SE-European Mediterranean, W-African shelf
p y,ribution, biogeography
Meteor: invertebrates
antic gyre
p y,ribution, biogeography
water masses
erranean outflow
frican upwelling filaments
metric distribution of ochemical sediment eters - benthic
?
p ydistribution, biogeography
ence of small scale ulation, e.g. Taylor
columnsMohn & Beckmann
ankton distribution
Mediterranean seamounts
36 seamounts
ogical seamounts research in the NE Atlantic has ncentrated on only a few sites
h a few exceptions, only the shallower parts (<1000have been considered
deep seamounts have been sampled biologically
diversity at seamounts is probably enhanced, tainly different, but only basic approaches to analyinteractions between fauna and habitat have beende
nal connections to the European and African elves and to the Mediterranean have been
knowledge
tematic inventory (and analysis!) of seamount ecies, and a biogeographic assessment, based on sting information and probably supplemented by netic studies
mple more seamounts, including comprehensive mpling of hardsubstrate faunaeep seamountseeper regions of shallow seamountseamounts from undersampled areas.
ude oceanographic and biogeochemical informatio
recommendations for further research
OSPAR, EU and NEAFC
onvention: 40 national
n
OSPAR, EU and NEAFC
• OSPAR adopted binding criteria for the selection of species and habitats and the initial list of threatened and/or declining species and habitats (2003)
• The list includes a number of commercial fish species, e.g. Orange Roughy, and many offshore features such ascoral reefs, hydrothermal vents and seamounts.
• Features on this list are of priority concern for the implementation of management measures, including the designation of marine protected areas (MPA) in the future.
PAR list of threatened and declining species and h
OSPAR, EU and NEAFC
• OSPAR adopted the goal to implement an "ecologically coherent network of well-managed MPAs (2003)
• This will include a representative selection of seamounts inside and outside national jurisdiction.
PAR network of Marine Protected Areas (MPA)
OSPAR, EU and NEAFC
• All European Member States have to implement the EU Habitats Directive up to the outer boundary of their 200 nm zone
• The hard substrate habitats of seamounts (“reefs”) are then subject to conservation measures such as protectedareas – 30 to 60 % of the total habitat will have to figure in an EU-wide so-called Natura 2000 network of protectedsites..
• Currently, only 2 NEA seamounts are protected as MPAsboth in the Azores where another seamount will be designated as a nature reserve soon
Habitats Directive
OSPAR, EU and NEAFC
•European Council (EC) Regulation No 1568/2005 In implementing the objective of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management of the reformed Common Fisheries Policy, in September 2005 aregulation was adopted for the protection of deep-water coral reefs from the effects of fishing in large sea areas including all seamounts around the Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands
• NEAFC decided to close 5 seamounts and a section of the Rejkjanes Ridge to bottom touching gear for 3 years, when a revision would take place