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EUROPEAN
NEIGHBOURHOOD
POLICY & MIDDLE EAST
THE ENP &MIDDLE EAST
As Whitman & Wolff emphasized
absence of Syria & Lebanon on
meeting in Marseilles ( The peace &
stability charter) caused deadlock in
relations
A new strategy for the region
? Later on conflict between Israel &
Syria mostly between Hezbollah &
Hamas
Changing policy of US after 11th
September
15.000 „peace keeping‟ soldiers were
placed Southern Lebanon ( Most of
„em were Europeans )
To be or not to be in the ENP
?
http://www.iep-
berlin.de/fileadmin/website/09_Publikationen/Policy_Brief/Policy-
Brief_3_08.pdf (
Rising conflicts in the region
First revolt occurred in Tunisia in 2010
, In one year current regime fell down
and Tunisian people made first
democratic elections . Bahrain , Libya
, Syria , Egypt , Yemen started
protests against governments . Next
dictatorship to fall in domino was
Hosni Mobarak in Egypt .
Rising conflicts in the region
After Egypt ; current president of USA
Barack OBAMA declared full support
for desire of people for democracy and
human rights . But unfortunately
“Spring” seems came to the end .
Democracy tries turned into bloodshed
and civil war started almost in whole
countries across Middle East .
Is EU really enthusiastic ?
Natural energy resources are 87 %
fossil , 6% renewable , 7% is nuclear
energy . When natural resources are
decreasing , demand is increasing day
by day . World‟s most energy sources
are provided from fossil . The range of
fossil is not equal across the world .
Middle East is quite wealthy with fossil
resources .
Is EU really enthusiastic ?
If we compare democratic struggle , power rivaly in the region ,it is obvious that power rivaly is unavoidably dominant for great powers .The reason is Europe seems more quiet and more look like focused on democracy and human rights issues are based on distribution of this resources . But on the other hand , we can not ignore people who are struggling from democratic rights . People‟s desire for having equal rights and having pie of this wealth is natural .
EMP will replace with ENP ?
Members of EMP are unwilling to
transformation because of addition of
other agendas
Relations in EMP is in multiliteral level
, lack of democracy , ongoing revolts ,
resistance on one man regimes ,
distrust to european identity among
middle east countries are shown as
devastating effects of partnership .
Scope of threats
Most commonly seen as threaths acrossthe region by US and EU • Al – Quaida
• Hamas
• Hezbullah
• Iran
• Syria
In other words normative Islamistmovements like „Jihadist SalafistTerrorism‟ which prevents democraticmovements.
Biliteral or Multiliteral Relations ?
In a problematic region unfortunately
its hard to reach common sense of
understanding on the policies . So
ENP policy especially in the Middle
East is more rely on Bi-literal relations.
References : • European Union, A Secure Europe in a Better World - A European Security
Strategy, European Council, December 12, 2003.
• Karen E. Smith, “The Outsiders: The European Neighbourhood Policy”,
International Affairs 81 (2005): 757-773.
• Pace, „Norm shifting from EMP to ENP‟; Michelle Pace, Liberal or social
democracy? Aspects of the EU’s democracy
• promotion agenda in the Middle East (Stockholm, International Institute for
Democracy and Electoral Assistance,2009); Tocci, „The widening gap‟.
• Sergio Carrera, „The EU‟s dialogue on migration, mobility and security with
the southern Mediterranean‟(Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies,
June 2011), p. 4.
• Esra Bulut, ed., European involvement in the Arab–Israeli conflict, Chaillot
Paper 124 (Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2010).
• Middle East Institute, The Arab spring: implications for US policy and
interests (Washington DC, 2011); „Symposium: the Arab uprisings and U.S.
policy: what is the American interest?‟, Middle East Policy 18: 2, Summer
2011.
• EIA-Energy Information Administration. (2002b).
www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caspian.html