European ExplorersEuropean ExplorersSpicy Stuff!Spicy Stuff!

I. Trade Between Europe & I. Trade Between Europe & AsiaAsia

For centuries, merchants from Europe and Asia had For centuries, merchants from Europe and Asia had been traveling across the Mediterranean Sea trading been traveling across the Mediterranean Sea trading

goods. Goods from Asia had to travel hundreds of miles goods. Goods from Asia had to travel hundreds of miles across land before they reached the Mediterranean Sea. across land before they reached the Mediterranean Sea.

It was a long trip for everyone.It was a long trip for everyone.

The Spice TradeThe Spice Trade Some of the most popular Some of the most popular items exported from Asia to items exported from Asia to Europe were spices such as Europe were spices such as cinnamon, pepper, and salt. cinnamon, pepper, and salt.

Italian merchants from Genoa and Venice would sail to ports in the

eastern Mediterranean where they would buy spices and other cargo such as silk and then bring these goods back to Europe where they

would sell them at very high prices.

Give two possible reasons Give two possible reasons why spices were such a why spices were such a

hot item on the European hot item on the European market.market.

Possibility of Great Possibility of Great WealthWealth

Because the goods from Asia had to be Because the goods from Asia had to be transported such a long way across both land and transported such a long way across both land and water, they were very expensive. European water, they were very expensive. European merchants wanted to find a way to trade directly merchants wanted to find a way to trade directly with countries like India. And so began the search with countries like India. And so began the search for a new route to Asia. . . a water-only route.for a new route to Asia. . . a water-only route.

II. Leaders in ExplorationII. Leaders in ExplorationBecause of its location at the edge of the Because of its location at the edge of the

continent of Europe and on the coast, the country continent of Europe and on the coast, the country of Portugal had a long history of navigating the of Portugal had a long history of navigating the waters of the Atlantic Ocean - especially the African waters of the Atlantic Ocean - especially the African coast. Some of the world’s most famous explorers coast. Some of the world’s most famous explorers would come from this little country next to Spain.would come from this little country next to Spain.

Portugal

Exploring the African Exploring the African CoastCoast

Prince Henry the Navigator of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal believed that he could Portugal believed that he could

find a shorter way to Asia by find a shorter way to Asia by sailing around Africa. With that sailing around Africa. With that

goal in mind, Prince Henry goal in mind, Prince Henry started a navigational school started a navigational school

where he brought together the where he brought together the best minds in sailing – best minds in sailing –

mapmakers, ship captains and mapmakers, ship captains and astronomers. He sent astronomers. He sent

Portuguese explorers sailing Portuguese explorers sailing down the western coast of down the western coast of Africa, and although they Africa, and although they

brought back valuable goods brought back valuable goods such as gold dust and ivory such as gold dust and ivory

and even learned much about and even learned much about navigation, they still did not navigation, they still did not sail around Africa in Prince sail around Africa in Prince

Henry’s lifetime.Henry’s lifetime.

The Race Around The Race Around AfricaAfrica

Knowing that there would Knowing that there would be great wealth for be great wealth for

whoever found a water whoever found a water route to Asia, Portuguese route to Asia, Portuguese sailors continued to push sailors continued to push down the coast of Africa. down the coast of Africa. Bartolomeu Dias became Bartolomeu Dias became the first to actually reach the first to actually reach the southern tip of Africa. the southern tip of Africa. Ten years later, Vasco da Ten years later, Vasco da

Gama sailed around the tip Gama sailed around the tip and became the first to and became the first to

reach Asia by a sea route.reach Asia by a sea route.

And the winner is. . . Vasco da Gama!

First to sail around Africa to Asia! Go Vasco!I win! I win!

Vasco da Gama’s TripVasco da Gama’s TripAre we there yet??Are we there yet??

Da Gama traveled 13,500 miles in 317 days.Da Gama traveled 13,500 miles in 317 days.

The Bad News: They still had to turn around and go all that way back home! Talk about seasick!

The Good News: They became the first Europeans to reach India by a sea route. Now the Portuguese could begin trading directly with Asia and they ruled the waterways.

Da Gama died in India on December 24, 1524 and was buried there. Later, his remains were reburied in a chapel in Vidigueira, Portugal.

Today a 17 mile bridge just outsideLisbon, the capital city of Portugal,

is named in honor of Da Gama.

III. Europe Enters a New III. Europe Enters a New AgeAge

Other countries in Europe wanted in on the Other countries in Europe wanted in on the trade action in Asia, so they began sending trade action in Asia, so they began sending out sailors to find their own sea routes. Spain out sailors to find their own sea routes. Spain and England (UK) quickly entered the race to and England (UK) quickly entered the race to find wealth from India and other Asian find wealth from India and other Asian countries.countries.

Move over youugly Spaniard!England will rule the seas!

Move over youugly Spaniard!England will rule the seas!

Out of my way, Englishman! Spain

will rule! Besides, you have weird pants.

Out of my way, Englishman! Spain

will rule! Besides, you have weird pants.

Christopher ColumbusChristopher ColumbusSuccessfully failed to find Asia!Successfully failed to find Asia!

In 1492, this Italian In 1492, this Italian explorer convinced the explorer convinced the Queen of Spain that he Queen of Spain that he

could find an even could find an even shorter route to Asia by shorter route to Asia by sailing west instead of sailing west instead of east. He failed to find east. He failed to find Asia, but he did bump Asia, but he did bump

into some islands in the into some islands in the Caribbean Sea and from Caribbean Sea and from there was discovered a there was discovered a

little ole continent little ole continent known today as North known today as North

America. America. Way to goof, Columbus! Way to goof, Columbus!

Anyone remember what hisfirst job was?

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand MagellanAround the world in 1095 days!Around the world in 1095 days!

Magellan left Spain in 1519 Magellan left Spain in 1519 with 5 ships and over 200 with 5 ships and over 200 men sailing west. Killed in men sailing west. Killed in

battle by natives on an battle by natives on an island in the Pacific, island in the Pacific,

Magellan never made it Magellan never made it back to Spain. But three back to Spain. But three

years later, after enduring years later, after enduring storms, battles, disease and storms, battles, disease and near starvation, one of his near starvation, one of his

ships with only 18 crewman ships with only 18 crewman onboard made it back to onboard made it back to Spain thus becoming the Spain thus becoming the

first explorers to first explorers to circumnavigate the world.circumnavigate the world.

Fact: Things got so bad on the voyage back home, that

Magellan’s crew were forced to eat rats and

sawdust rather than starve. Ugh!

Reproduction of oneof Magellan’s ships.

Who’s Been Listening?Who’s Been Listening?1. Goods traded from Asia to Europe had to be 1. Goods traded from Asia to Europe had to be shippedshipped across both __________ & __________.across both __________ & __________.2. What item was most sought after by the 2. What item was most sought after by the Europeans?Europeans?3. Why were goods from Asia so expensive?3. Why were goods from Asia so expensive?4. What did European merchants want to find?4. What did European merchants want to find?5. What country took the lead in world exploration?5. What country took the lead in world exploration?6. Who started a school of navigation to encourage 6. Who started a school of navigation to encourage exploration?exploration?7. Who was the first explorer to reach Asia by sea 7. Who was the first explorer to reach Asia by sea only?only?8. What Italian explorer convinced the Queen of 8. What Italian explorer convinced the Queen of Spain Spain that he could reach the East by sailing West?that he could reach the East by sailing West?9. What is Ferdinand Magellan’s claim to fame?9. What is Ferdinand Magellan’s claim to fame?

IV. Reasons For IV. Reasons For ExplorationExploration

The countries and monarchs of Europe The countries and monarchs of Europe began exploring for many reasons:began exploring for many reasons:

To find a water route to Asia

To search for wealth & riches.

To spread the Christian faith.

To build their empires.

V. Outcomes of ExplorationV. Outcomes of Exploration

Most explorers never did find wealth and Most explorers never did find wealth and great riches, but they took full advantage great riches, but they took full advantage

of what they did find – establishing of what they did find – establishing colonies and conquering many of the colonies and conquering many of the

indigenous people.indigenous people.

Indigenous means native. Indigenous people are the ones who are originally from a place.

Ex: Cherokees & Creeks are some of the indigenous people of Georgia.

The Aztecs are some of the indigenous

peopleof Mexico,

and the Incas were indigenous of South America.

1. Clash of Cultures1. Clash of Cultures

Often the lands Often the lands conquered by the conquered by the

European were European were already home to large already home to large self-ruling groups of self-ruling groups of indigenous people. indigenous people. Their had their own Their had their own

customs and customs and traditions that they traditions that they

were not always were not always willing to give up. willing to give up.

With the arrival of the With the arrival of the Europeans, many of Europeans, many of these groups’ lives these groups’ lives would be changed would be changed forever and their forever and their

cultures lostcultures lostWhat Enduring Understandings

would this clash of culture represent?

2. Religious 2. Religious ConversionConversion

Some European Some European monarchs had strong monarchs had strong

religious beliefs and so religious beliefs and so believed it was their believed it was their

Christian duty to spread Christian duty to spread their faith. So they sent their faith. So they sent

missionaries to help missionaries to help convert the conquered convert the conquered people to Christianity. people to Christianity. The European rulers The European rulers

hoped that the spread of hoped that the spread of Christianity would Christianity would

overcome other religions overcome other religions such as Islam. such as Islam.

3. Spread of Disease3. Spread of DiseaseOne unexpected One unexpected consequence of consequence of

European exploration European exploration was the spread of was the spread of disease. When the disease. When the

Europeans arrived in the Europeans arrived in the New World, they brought New World, they brought disease germs from the disease germs from the Old World with them. Old World with them.

Diseases such as Diseases such as measles, smallpox, and measles, smallpox, and malaria killed tens of malaria killed tens of thousands of native thousands of native

people who had never people who had never been exposed to them been exposed to them before the European before the European

explorers came.explorers came.

4. Slavery4. Slavery

European exploration European exploration also led to the also led to the

expansion of slavery. expansion of slavery. For hundreds of years For hundreds of years to come, conquered to come, conquered

people of South people of South America and Africans America and Africans

would be forced to would be forced to work as slaves in the work as slaves in the

New World. New World.

Why it matters now . . .Why it matters now . . .

European trade and European trade and exploration changed exploration changed

the lives of many the lives of many people on both sides people on both sides of the Atlantic. Today, of the Atlantic. Today,

citizens of the citizens of the Americas continue to Americas continue to

feel the effects of feel the effects of European exploration European exploration

and colonization.and colonization.

Review Questions Detached piece of paper – partner work. Spelling Counts!

Textbook pp. 307-311 Click your paper when you are finished.

1. For centuries, merchants from Europe traveled across the Mediterranean Sea to trade for goods from ___________________?

2. What was one of the most popular trade items Europeans wanted?

3. Why were goods from Asia so expensive?

4. What did European merchants & explorers want to find?

5. What country took the lead in world exploration?

6. Who started a school to encourage explorers?

7. What was the first explorer to find an all water route to Asia?

8. What Italian explorer convinced the queen of Spain that he could read the East by sailing West?

9. What is Ferdinand Magellan’s claim to fame?

10. List 4 reasons European countries and monarch’s began exploring?