European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena (Ing)

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    1/289

    Dtrcpdhb Fcnpdzlzludbdvv_dpcrz ?088

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    2/289

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    3/289

    8

    ZHOAD CE FCBZDBZV

    Ecrdycrj """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 89

    D[DFTZLUD VTNNH_\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 8 800,"""""""""""""""""""""""""""64Elitrd 8"67 Tbdnpac|ndbz rhzd lb ?080X6 ylzk nlblntn hbj nh{lntn uhatd odecrd hbj

    jtrlbi zkd rdfdvvlcb"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :0Elitrd 8":7 Idrnhb| hbj Vphlb fcnphrdj7 Dnpac|ndbz lb zkd fcbvzrtfzlcb vdfzcr lb pdrvcbvhbj lb pdrfdbzhid ce zczha dnpac|ndbz """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :8

    Elitrd 8"47 Bdz adbjlbi +-, # bdz ocrrcylbi +., ecr vdadfzdj DT Ndnodr Vzhzdv""""""""""""""""""""":?Elitrd 8"57 _dha IJP lb DT.?9 hbj vdadfzdj dfcbcnldv +?009 > 800,""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :6Elitrd 8"97 F|falfha lbzdbvlz| hbj zkd jrcp jtrlbi zkd jcybztrb lb zkd DT.?9""""""""""""""""""""""" :4Elitrd 8";7 _dha ircyzk rhzdv ecr _%J hbj IJP! CDFJ hrdh! 8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    10/289

    ;

    Elitrd 6"97 DVH otjidz! ?006?080 +nlaalcb ,""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""889Elitrd 6";7 Vphfd phzdbz hppalfhzlcbv eladj hz DPC o| fctbzr| ce hppalfhbz! 8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    11/289

    800"""""""""" 65Zhoad 8"?7 Hb cudruldy ce zkd rdfdvvlcb! dnpac|ndbz jtrlbi ?009.80= lbjd{! ?000X?>800+h,

    """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 69Zhoad 8"67 Jdfcnpcvlbi fkhbidv lb rdha IJP pdr kdhj! ?000.0; hbj ?000.80 """""""""""""""""""""6 800,

    od vddb hv h fcrrdfzlcb cr rdhjgtvzndbz cbfd zkd prlfdv ce fdrzhlb hvvdzv hrd jddndjtbvtvzhlbhoad" Czkdr vdfzcrv bcz jlrdfza| rdahzdj zc zkd fcbvzrtfzlcb occn ylaa rdfcudrrdahzluda| ehvzdr" Zkcvd ncrd f|falfha almd Ohvlf ndzha! Nczcr udklfadv! dzf"! jlvpah| lb zhoad

    5 Elitrdv ecr Lbjlh hbj Fklbh hrd ercn zkd Lbzdrbhzlcbha Ncbdzhr| Etbj! Ycraj Dfcbcnlf CtzaccmJhzhohvd! Cfzcodr ?080" Ecr zkd vzrcbi rdfcudr| ce dndrilbi dfcbcnldv! vdd hihlb CDFJ +?088,"

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    46/289

    ::

    8": jctoad jlilz pcvlzlud ircyzk vlbfd zkd zrctik" Zkd yh| fctbzrldv pdrecrn! cudrhaa! jtrlbizklv rdfdvvlcb ylaa jdpdbj cb zkd rdahzlud lnpcrzhbfd ce dhfk ce zkdvd vdfzcrv" Otz klik

    pdrecrnlbi vdfzcrv! zkcvd ykc pdrecrndj ydaa odecrd zkd frlvlv! ylaa lb haa almdalkccj jc ydaalb zkd etztrd lb dudr| Ndnodr Vzhzd" Zklv albd ce rdhvcblbi d{pahlbv zkd hpphrdbz phrhjc{ cefctbzrldv klz khrj o| zkd rdfdvvlcb! hbj |dz ylzk hb cudrhaa rdhvcbhoad pdrecrnhbfd cudr zkd

    jdfhjd +vdd hihlb Zhoad 8"6," Lb czkdr ycrjv! zkhz zkd fcbvzrtfzlcb vdfzcr yhv cudrvlwdj lb?009 jcdv bcz ndhb zkhz lz yhv hz zkd d{pdbvd ce czkdr prcjtfzlud vdfzcrv zkhz nh| od jrlulbiircyzk ce prcjtfzlulz|! nhlbzhlblbi lbzdrbhzlcbha nhrmdz vkhrdv! hbj adhjlbi bcy zkdrdfcudr|"9

    Lbjddj! zkd rdfcudr| ce czkdr vdfzcrv! bczhoa| nhbtehfztrlbi! lv hardhj| tbjdr yh|! hbj lz lvodbdelzlbi ercn zkd vzdhj| ircyzk ce dfcbcnlf hfzlulz| lb dndrilbi fctbzrldv" Hv bczdj lb zkdprdulctv vdfzlcb! IJP ctzvljd zkd DT hbj zkd TV yhv bcz ntfk heedfzdj hbj lv bcy ircylbiehvz! hzzrhfzlbi Dtrcpdhb d{pcrzv" O| Ghbthr| ?088 zkd uhatd ce DT d{pcrzv yhv 66 pdrfdbzhocud lzv aduda h |dhr dhraldr"

    Cb zkd elbhbfd vljd! hffcrjlbi zc zkd Ncbzka| Bczd Nhrfk ?088! rdfcudr| ercn zkd frdjlzvxtddwd lv ahiilbi odklbj zkd rdfcudr| ce nhbtehfztrlbi hfzlulz| otz lv bcz ycrvdblbi" ; Advvdbfctrhilbi hrd zkd irln prcvpdfzv ecr Dtrcpdhb udbztrd fhplzha" Hffcrjlbi zc Fcaadr Fhplzha+?088,! h rdfdbz vtrud| ce zkd prluhzd dxtlz| lbjtvzr|! ahrid lbudvzcrv ylaa od nculbi hyh|ercn udbztrd fhplzha lb Dtrcpd lb zkd fcnlbi |dhrv" Lb zkd TV! 40 pdrfdbz ce lbudvzcrvfcbvljdr udbztrd fhplzha h prcnlvlbi lbudvzndbz" Zkd fcrrdvpcbjlbi elitrd lb Dtrcpd lv advvzkhb 80 pdrfdbz" Khrja| hb|cbd ykc hbvydrdj zkd vtrud| odaldudv zkhz udbztrd fhplzha ylaaidbdrhzd fcbvlvzdbza| vzrcbi rdvtazv cudr zkd bd{z jdfhjd! iludb lzv pccr pdrecrnhbfd lb zkdahvz zdb |dhrv" Hv jlvftvvdj odacy! zklv nh| khbjlfhp zkd DTv holalz| zc orlbi lbbcuhzlcbv zczkd nhrmdz zkrctik vzhrz.tpv"

    9 Ecr hb hritndbzhzlcb hacbi zkdvd albdv! vdd DDHI +?088! fkhpzdr :," Lb zkd prdulctv djlzlcb ce zkdDtrcpdhb Fcnpdzlzludbdvv _dpcrz ?080! fkhpzdr 8 bczdj kcy zkd ducatzlcb ce lbzdrbhzlcbha nhrmdzvkhrdv lb ?000.80 odhrv h advv zkhb coulctv rdahzlcb ylzk zkd hjgtvzndbzv vteedrdj jtrlbi zkd ?00;.80frlvlv"

    ; Hz zklv pclbz lz nh| od ycrzk bczlbi zkhz zkdrd lv bc fcbvdbvtv lb zkd alzdrhztrd cb zkd rcad ce zlikzdblbi

    frdjlz fcbjlzlcbv hbj zkd rdfcudr| hezdr h jddp rdfdvvlcb" Ecr lbvzhbfd! Kh|hvkl hbj Prdvfczz +?00?,vkcy kcy ohbm achbv rdnhlbdj jdprdvvdj lb Ghphb acbi hezdr dfcbcnlf hfzlulz|! hbj bczhoa|lbudvzndbz! vzhrzdj zc rdfcudr" Vdd zkd jlvftvvlcb lb Fahdvvdbv! Mcvd hbj Zdrrcbdv +?00

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    47/289

    :4

    Elitrd 8"97 F|falfha lbzdbvlz| hbj zkd jrcp jtrlbi zkd jcybztrb lb zkd DT.?9

    rdphlrczknhbte

    etrblz

    zrhbv

    nczcr

    nhfklb

    dadfzrdx

    fcnptz

    ndzpr

    ndzha

    nlbdr

    pahv

    pkhrnh fkdn

    rdelb

    prlbz

    phpdr

    y ccj

    eccz

    faczk

    zd{z

    zcohf

    odudrhi

    eccj

    nhbte

    .?"4

    .?"0

    .8"4

    .8"0

    .0"4

    0"0

    0"0 0"4 8"0 8"4 ?"0 ?"4

    F|falfha lbzdbvlz| 8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    48/289

    :5

    Zhoad 8":7 _dfdbz jdudacpndbzv lb DT.?9 vdfzcrv" Pdrfdbzhid fkhbidv lb uhatd hjjdj

    BHFD _du"? Ircyzk ?00; Ircyzk ?00reHn{"Lbjlrdfz albmhidv hppdhr hv h rdvljtha7 z

    n+lbjlrdfz, > zn zn+jlrdfz," Zkd zczha mbcyadjidcr zdfkbcaci| lbzdbvlz| ce hb| jcndvzlf vdfzcrg! rdahzlud zc zczha jcndvzlf ctzptz ce zklvvdfzcr! fhb zkdrdecrd od yrlzzdb hv7

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    105/289

    806

    HBBD[ ?"?

    Ndhvtrlbi lbzdrvdfzcrha ecryhrj hbj ohfmyhrj albmhidv

    _hvntvvdb +8oll olg

    ogl ogg

    Vfhalbi zkd fcnpcbdbzv ce zkd O nhzrl{ dalnlbhzdv zkd jctoad fctbzlbi zkhz rdvtazv ercn zkdlbzdrhfzlcb odzyddb vdfzcrv l hbj g" Zkd fcnpcbdbzv ce zkd nhzrl{ O' +vdd Oc{ 8, nhmdnhzkdnhzlfha vdbvd! otz jc bcz nhmd dfcbcnlf vdbvd! odfhtvd h vtn cudr rcyv lv hayh|vhvvtndj zc prcjtfd h ndhvtrd ce dfcbcn|.yljd lnphfzv cb vdfzcrg" Zkd albmhid nhzrl{ A

    hocud! kcydudr! lv dfcbcnlfhaa| ndhblbieta hz zkd fcnpcbdbz aduda! ndhvtrlbi zkd vzrdbizkce lbzdrhfzlcb ecr zkd albm lg! otz bcz ykdb vtnndj" Vtnv hacbi rcyv cr fcatnbv ce Akhud bc jlrdfz dfcbcnlf ndhblbi"

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    106/289

    80:

    Lnpcrz eacyv bddj zc od lbfatjdj zc facvd zkd dfcbcn|" Hjjlbi zkd jcndvzlf hbj lnpcrzeacyv zcidzkdr jcdv zklv! yklfk frdhzdv h Adcbzlde H nhzrl{ ce zczha eacyv" Vzhbjhrj

    prcfdjtrd idbdrhzdv h zczha Adcbzlde lbudrvd O! yklfk lv zkdb tvdj zc fhaftahzd zkd zczha Anhzrl{" Prcjtfdr cr ohfmyhrj albmhidv hrd fhaftahzdj cb zkd ohvlv ce zkd zczha fcbbdfzlcbv"Ecaacylbi Gcbdv +8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    107/289

    804

    HBBD[ ?"6

    Jdvfrlpzlcb ce zkd jhzhvdz tvdj lb zkd rdirdvvlcb hbha|vlv"

    Zkd zhoadv odacy vkcy zkd jlvzrlotzlcb ce zkd elrn.aduda covdruhzlcbv hfrcvv fctbzrldv!nhbtehfztrlbi lbjtvzrldv! vlwdv ce zkd elrnv hbj ecrnhzlcb ce zkd elrnv ecr jleedrdbz zlnd

    pdrlcjv" H zh{cbcn| ce elrnv lb jleedrdbz lbbcuhzlcb lbzdbvlzldv lv havc prculjdj" Zklv

    zh{cbcn| otlajv tpcb Pdbdjdr +?080,"Zhoad H ?"6"8 Pcptahzlcb ce zkd jhzh vdz" Jlvzrlotzlcb hfrcvv fctbzrldv

    Fctbzr|Btnodr ce

    covdruhzlcbvPdrfdbz

    Htvzrlh +HZ, 8;; ;"6

    Frchzlh +K_, 56 ?";

    Jdbnhrm +JM, 84: 5";

    Elbahbj +ELB, 0 0"0

    Erhbfd +E_,

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    108/289

    805

    Zhoad H ?"6"6" Jlvzrlotzlcb ce pcptahzlcb hfrcvv vdfzcrha lbbcuhzlcb lbzdbvlz|

    Lbbcuhzlcb lbzdbvlz| Pdrfdbz

    Acy 8"5Ndj.acy ;"8Ndj ?5"db

    Olrbvzdbida! O"! Kceendlvzdr! G" +?080,! Bddjdj Lnndjlhzda|( hb Lbzdrbhzlcbha_dvctrfd Nhbhidndbz V|vzdn! Prcibcv HI! Odralb! 80 pp"

    Oadlvfkylzw! _"! Ohkb.Yhamcylhm! O"! Cblvfkmh! N"! _cdjdr! C" hbj Vzdidr! V"+?00

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    177/289

    894

    Jdtzvfkd Ohbm _dvdhrfk!DT vzdda lbjtvzr| +?00#rdbdyhoadSnhzdrlhav#dzf.vfpS?080pje#SDBS8"0S%h>j!

    hffdvvdj cb ?0"05"?088"

    Dtrcndzht{ +?080,! Dtrcndzht{v prcpcvhav ecr zkd rhy nhzdrlhav lblzlhzlud!Ortvvdav"

    DT_CNLBDV +?080,!Hbbtha rdpcrz ?00

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    178/289

    895

    Dtrcpdhb Fcnnlvvlcb +?00;o,! Fcnnlvvlcb vzhee ycrmlbi jcftndbz hffcnphb|lbizkd Fcnntblfhzlcb cb zkd _hy Nhzdrlhav Lblzlhzlud +FCN+?00;,5

    Dtrcpdhb Phralhndbz +?080,!Dbj ce Aled Udklfadv7 Adiha Hvpdfzv! Bhzlcbha Prhfzlfdvhbj _dfcnndbjhzlcbv ecr Etztrd Vtffdvveta Hpprchfk" Vztj| o| JI LbzdrbhaPcalfldv! Pcalf| Jdphrzndbz H7 Dfcbcnlf hbj Vfldbzlelf Pcalf|"

    Erhtbkcedr! LVL +?006,! Zkd Etztrd ce Nhbtehfztrlbi lb Dtrcpd ?084.?0?07 ZkdFkhaadbid ecr Vtvzhlbholalz|" Fhvd Vztj|7 Htzcnczlud Lbjtvzr| Pdrvcbha Fhrv"

    Erhtbkcedr! LVL! LWZ +?00

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    179/289

    899

    Kdavdb! A"! Uhb jdb Otafm! D"! % Kdr|! G" V" +8Kldrcb|nl! M" +?00

    pcrzecalc! Bdy \crm"

    MPNI +?088,! Iacoha N%H7 Vklezlbi zkd iacoha fkdnlfha lbjtvzr|ohahbfdkzzp7##yyy"mpni"fcn#Iacoha#db#LvvtdvHbjLbvlikzv#HrzlfadvPtoalfhzlcbv#_dhfzlcb#Phidv#vklezlbi.iacoha.fkdnlfha.lbjtvzr|"hvp{&9! hffdvvdj cb 08"0;"?088

    Nhbzht T" dz ha" +?00;,! Yccj rdvctrfdv huhlaholalz| hbj jdnhbj" Lnpalfhzlcbv ce_dbdyhoad Dbdri| Pcalfldv" Tbludrvlz| ce Khnotri Fdbzdr ce Yccj Vfldbfd=TBDFD#EHC Zlnodr Vdfzlcb"

    Nh|drv! F" +?009,! Vzrhzdilf! elbhbflha! hbj jdvlib lnpalfhzlcbv ce d{zdbjdj prcjtfdrrdvpcbvlolalz| lb Dtrcpd7 H prcjtfdr fhvd vztj|" Gctrbha ce Lbjtvzrlha Dfcaci|! 88+6,!886.86?" _dzrldudj ercnkzzp7##cbalbdalorhr|"ylad|"fcn#jcl#80"885?#gldf"?009"8??;#hovzrhfz"

    NfMlbvd|%Fcnphb| +?00:," Iacoha vctrflbi lb zkd htzc lbjtvzr|! NfMlbvd|Xthrzdra|"

    NLZ +?000,! Zkd Htzcnczlud Vtppa| Fkhlb Crihblwhzlcb7 Iacoha Zrdbjv hbjPdrvpdfzludv" Ycrmlbi phpdr"

    CDFJ +?080h,! Zkd Dfcbcnlf Lnphfz ce D{pcrz _dvzrlfzlcbv cb _hy Nhzdrlhav! Phrlv"

    http://www.china.org.cn/e-white/20031223/index.htmhttp://www.china.org.cn/e-white/20031223/index.htmhttp://www.china.org.cn/e-white/20031223/index.htmhttp://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Reaction/Pages/shifting-global-chemical-industry.aspx#7http://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Reaction/Pages/shifting-global-chemical-industry.aspx#7http://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Reaction/Pages/shifting-global-chemical-industry.aspx#7http://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Reaction/Pages/shifting-global-chemical-industry.aspx#7http://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Reaction/Pages/shifting-global-chemical-industry.aspx#7http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1162/jiec.2007.1228/abstracthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1162/jiec.2007.1228/abstracthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1162/jiec.2007.1228/abstracthttp://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Reaction/Pages/shifting-global-chemical-industry.aspx#7http://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Reaction/Pages/shifting-global-chemical-industry.aspx#7http://www.china.org.cn/e-white/20031223/index.htm
  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    180/289

    89;

    CDFJ +?080o,!Pdrvpdfzludv cb Iacoha Jdudacpndbz ?0807 Vklezlbi Ydhazk! Phrlv"

    CDFJ +?080f,! Vzddanhmlbi rhy nhzdrlhav7 Nhrmdz hbj Pcalf| JdudacpndbzvJVZL#VT#VF+?080,85! prdvdbzhzlcb cb 5

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    181/289

    89DT8? nlbtv OI! _C! F\ hbj NZ"

    Vctrfd7 Dtrcvzhz +elbha dbdri| fcbvtnpzlcb, hbj DT MADNV jhzhohvd +IUH,"

    Dbdri| lbzdbvlz| lnprcudj ylzklb ncvz ce zkd lbjluljtha lbjtvzrlha vdfzcrv +vdd elitrd 4"9,"Cudrhaa! zkd plfztrd yhv ehuctrhoad hbj vcnd ce zkd vdfzcrv ylzk zkd klikdvz lblzlha dbdri|lbzdbvlz| hfkldudj vcnd ce zkd ahridvz lnprcudndbzv" Zkd ohvlf hbj ehorlfhzdj ndzhav vdfzcr+l"d" zkd lrcb hbj vzdda hbj bcb.edrrctv ndzhav lbjtvzrldv, vhy hb lnprcudndbz ce ??"?$ ercn8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    198/289

    8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    199/289

    8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    200/289

    8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    201/289

    8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    202/289

    ?00

    nl{" H etrzkdr ehfzcr lv zkd d{pcrzlbi cr ceevkcrlbi ce dnlvvlcbv7 hv kdhu| nhbtehfztrlbi lvrdacfhzdj ctzvljd zkdvd fctbzrldv! jcndvzlf dnlvvlcbv jdfalbd! otz zkd prcjtfzv! jdvplzd odlbi

    prcjtfdj ceevkcrd lb pahfdv vtfk hv zkd O_LF +Orhwla! _tvvlh! Lbjlh hbj Fklbh, fctbzrldv! hrdvzlaa fcbvtndj lb zkd DT hbj zkd jdudacpdj ycraj"

    Elbhaa|! rdahzdj zc zklv! hb lbzdrbhzlcbha fcnphrlvcb ce IKI dnlvvlcb lbzdbvlz| vkcyv zkhz zkd

    DT hfkldudj zkd oliidvz prcpcrzlcbha rdjtfzlcbv hbj! vlnlahra| zc dbdri| lbzdbvlz|! lv facvlbizkd ihp cb Ghphb" Zkd TVH hbj Htvzrhalh ahi odklbj lb fcnphrlvcb" Vlbfd 8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    203/289

    ?08

    jdfctpalbi ce dnlvvlcbv ercn IUH" Hz zkd vhnd zlnd! vl{ Ndnodr Vzhzdv Vphlb! Lrdahbj!Htvzrlh! Irddfd! Dvzcblh hbj Pcrztiha . vhy dnlvvlcbv lbfrdhvd lb zklv pdrlcj" Cbd fcbfatvlcblv zkhz zkd fcbvzrtfzlcb otooad lb vcnd ce zkdvd vl{ fctbzrldv fcbzrlotzdj jlvprcpcrzlcbhzda| zcdnlvvlcb lbfrdhvdv pdr pdrfdbzhid pclbz ce ircyzk" Kcydudr! accmlbi hz IUH ircyzk lb gtvzzkd fcbvzrtfzlcb vdfzcr! Alzkthblh +-8:5"8$,! Vacuhmlh +-

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    204/289

    ?0?

    hfrcvv zkd DT! yklfk idbdrhzd hrctbj :0$ ce zczha DT.?9 dnlvvlcbv" Jhzh hrd huhlahoad ercn?004 zc ?080! ylzk ?00< hbj ?080 jhzh vzlaa vkcylbi vcnd uhrlholalz| lb zkd xthalz| lb zkd jhzhecr vpdflelf vdfzcrv" Idbdrhaa|! zkd FLZA jhzh vkcy h jdfalbd lb dnlvvlcbv ce 8$ hfrcvv haalbvzhaahzlcbv fcudrdj o| zkd DT DZV odzyddb ?004 hbj ?00;" Hz zkd vhnd zlnd! h 6"5$jdfalbd lb cudrhaa DT.?4 dnlvvlcbv yhv rdpcrzdj zc zkd TBEFFF"Iclbi od|cbj ?009! zkd jhzh ercn zkd FLZA vkcy zkhz odzyddb ?009 hbj ?080 dnlvvlcbv

    jdfalbdj o| hrctbj 8:$ hfrcvv zkd DT +vdd Elitrd 4"88,! ylzk phrzlftahra| vliblelfhbz jdfalbdvlb Vphlb! Pcrztiha hbj _cnhblh" Zklv lv fcbvlvzdbz ylzk d{pdfzhzlcbv! ohvdj cb zkd lnphfz cezkd elbhbflha frlvlv hbj fcbzrhfzlcb lb dfcbcnlf hfzlulz| lb ?00; hbj ?00< lb ncvz NdnodrVzhzdv" \dz zkd jdfalbd yhv bcz edaz dudr|ykdrd! ylzk zkrdd Ndnodr Vzhzdv Vydjdb! zkd

    Bdzkdrahbjv hbj Alzkthblh vddlbi dnlvvlcbv lbfrdhvd lb zklv pdrlcj" Lb Vydjdb zkd lbfrdhvdyhv zldj zc prcoadnv lb zkd dbdri| vdfzcr! ylzk zkd vktzjcyb ce btfadhr rdhfzcrv lbfrdhvlbizkd jdnhbj ecr dbdri| ercn ihv.etdaadj pahbzv! fcnolbdj ylzk lbfrdhvdj dnlvvlcbv ercn ahridfkdnlfha ehflalzldv hbj ndzha vndazdrv" Lb Alzkthblh hbj zkd Bdzkdrahbjv zkd lbfrdhvdv hrd hrdvtaz ce lbfrdhvdj dnlvvlcbv ercn d{lvzlbi hbj bdy fkdnlfha lbvzhaahzlcbv hbj etda rdelbdrldv"

    Elitrd 4"88 Fkhbid lb DT.?4 Ndnodr Vzhzdv) lbjtvzrlha IKI dnlvvlcbv! ?009.?080

    HZ

    OD

    FW

    JD

    JM

    DD

    DV

    EL

    E_

    KT

    LZ

    BA

    PA

    PZ

    _CVD

    VL

    VM

    AZ&

    LD&

    AU'

    OI'

    DA'

    TM

    DT?9

    AT

    .:0$ .60$ .?0$ .80$ 0$ 80$ ?0$ 60$

    ' . ?009.?00< jhzh cba| jtd zc rdpcrzlbi ihpv lb ?080 jhzh"& . Jhzhvdz ecr ?009.?080! otz vcnd fcbfdrbv cudr fcnpadzdbdvv! ylzk dvzlnhzdv pclbzlbi zc 4 zc 80$ pczdbzlhahjjlzlcbha dnlvvlcbv" Zklv lv ohvdj cb hb dvzlnhzd ce zkd dnlvvlcbv ercn lbvzhaahzlcbv zkhz khud bcz |dz rdpcrzdjjhzh cr ecr yklfk zkd jhzh hrd vzlaa prculvlcbha! ecr ?00;.?080" Hb hvvdvvndbz ce pczdbzlha hjjlzlcbha dnlvvlcbvvzlaa zc od rdpcrzdj khv oddb nhjd ecr haa Ndnodr Vzhzdv lb dudr| |dhr! ohvdj cb dnlvvlcbv lb zkd ahzdvz |dhr ercndhfk lbvzhaahzlcb" Cba| lb Lrdahbj hbj Alzkthblh jcdv zklv dvzlnhzd d{fddj 4$ ce zczha dnlvvlcbv lb cbd cr ncrd|dhr" Lb ncvz Ndnodr Vzhzdv hbj |dhrv zkd prcpcrzlcb lv advv zkhb 8$ ce zkd zczha"

    Fctbzrldv nlvvlbi jtd zc bc cr lbfcnpadzd jhzhvdzv7 F\ hbj NZ"Vctrfd7 Dfcr|v ohvdj cb FLZA jhzh +?00< hbj ?080 jhzh prculvlcbha,"

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    205/289

    ?06

    Zkd FLZA jhzh havc haacy h ncrd fcnprdkdbvlud d{hnlbhzlcb ce vdfzcrha dnlvvlcbv cudr zkdvhnd pdrlcj! hv vkcyb lb elitrd 4"8?" Zklv vkcyv zkhz DT lbjtvzr| tbjdr zkd DZV yhv hoad zchfkldud h 8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    206/289

    ?0:

    Zkd rcad ce zkd dbdri| idbdrhzlcb nl{ lb jdzdrnlblbi dnlvvlcb adudav hbj fkhbidv lbdnlvvlcbv yhv ndbzlcbdj dhraldr" Elitrd 4"86 prdvdbzv zkd fkhbid lb IKI dnlvvlcbv ercnlbjtvzr| hihlbvz zkd fkhbidv lb elbha dbdri| fcbvtnpzlcb +EDF, o| lbjtvzr| ecr zkd pdrlcj8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    207/289

    ?04

    ercn IUH ircyzk" Lb hrctbj khae ce zkd fctbzrldv zklv zrdbj lv kdhjlbi zcyhrjv hovcatzdjdfctpalbi" Zklv zrdbj lv duljdbz ecr dnlvvlcbv ecr zkd ykcad dfcbcn| otz havc kcajv ykdbzkd odvz huhlahoad duljdbfd ecr dnlvvlcbv ercn lbjtvzr|! nhbtehfztrlbi hbj fcbvzrtfzlcb! lvfcbvljdrdj" Zkd odvz pdrecrndrv fcnd ercn hfrcvv zkd DT! ylzk DT.8? Ndnodr Vzhzdv

    pdrecrnlbi phrzlftahra| ydaa" Lbjddj! zkd ydhmdvz pdrecrndrv hrd ectbj lb zkd DT.84" Zkdczkdr DT.84 Ndnodr Vzhzdv idbdrhaa| rdpcrz dnlvvlcb rdjtfzlcbv ce tp zc ?0$ fcnolbdj ylzk

    IUH ircyzk rhzdv ce tp zc :0$"4"6"6" Nhzdrlha eacyv hbj rdvctrfd deelfldbf|Zkd yh| lb yklfk lbjtvzrldv tvd hbj jlvpcvd ce rhy nhzdrlhav lv h frlzlfha fcnpcbdbz ce zkdlrdbulrcbndbzha lnphfz hbj pdrecrnhbfd" " Lz lv lnpcrzhbz zc fcbvljdr zkd lnphfz ce nhzdrlhaeacyv lb haa aledf|fad vzhidv! bhnda|7 kcy rhy nhzdrlhav hrd d{zrhfzdj +hv zklv pahfdvdbulrcbndbzha prdvvtrd cb zkd acfhzlcbv ercn yklfk zkd| hrd vctrfdj,= kcy zkd| hrd tvdj+rdvctrfd deelfldbf|,= kcy rdvctrfdv cr nhzdrlhav hrd elbhaa| jlvpcvdj ce cr rdtvdj"

    Jcndvzlf nhzdrlha fcbvtnpzlcb +JNF, lv h ndhvtrd ce zkd ucatnd +lb zcbbdv, ce nhzdrlhavjlrdfza| fcbvtndj lb hb dfcbcn|" Lz lv zkd vtn ce haa nhzdrlhav d{zrhfzdj jcndvzlfhaa| patvzkd nhzdrlhav lb pk|vlfha lnpcrzv! nlbtv zkd nhzdrlhav lb pk|vlfha d{pcrzv" Hv h ucatndndhvtrd! JNF jcdv bcz jleedrdbzlhzd odzyddb zkd z|pd ce nhzdrlha fcbvtndj! hazkctik lz lvlnpcrzhbz zc bczd zkd jleedrdbfdv odzyddb! ecr d{hnpad! fcbvtnlbi cbd zcbbd ce yccj udrvtvcbd zcbbd ce ndrftr|! hv zkd| coulctva| jleedr lb nhvv jdbvlz| hbj zkd pczdbzlhadbulrcbndbzha lnpalfhzlcbv ce zkd ahzzdr hrd ehr ncrd vdrlctv" Elitrd 4"8: vkcyv zkhz ylzklbzkd DT.?9! JNF lbfrdhvdj o| 9"

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    208/289

    ?05

    rdalhbfd cb rdvctrfd tvd zc etda dfcbcnlf ircyzk" Lb Vphlb hbj Lrdahbj zklv lv tbjdrvzccj zcod fcbvlvzdbz ylzk d{phbvlcb lb zkd fcbvzrtfzlcb vdfzcr ylzk lzv klik nhzdrlha bddjv +vdd elitrd4"8;,"

    Elitrd 4"847 Fkhbid lb JNF hbj lbjtvzrlha IUH o| Ndnodr Vzhzd! ?000.?009

    DT80

    DT84

    F\

    AT

    Dvzcblh

    VL

    AU

    AZ

    Lrdahbj

    JM

    EL

    VM

    DAOD

    HZ

    VDKT

    PZ

    BA

    FWPA

    TM E_

    Vphlb

    Lzha|

    JD DT?4

    .?0$

    0$

    ?0$

    :0$

    50$

    ;0$

    800$

    8?0$

    .:0$ .?0$ 0$ ?0$ :0$ 50$ ;0$ 800$ 8?0$

    Fkhbid lb JNF

    FkhbidlbLbjtvzr|IUH

    Bczd7 Otooad vlwd lv rdahzlud zc ?009 JNF! d{fdpz ecr DT hiirdihzdv"

    Vctrfd7 Dfcr|v ercn Dtrcvzhz hbj DT MADNV jhzh"

    Elitrd 4"85 prdvdbzv JNF cudr zkd ectr nhlb fhzdicrldv ce nhzdrlha7 ecvvla dbdri| +fhrrldr,nhzdrlhav! olcnhvv! bcb.ndzhaalf nlbdrhav hbj ndzha crdv" Lz vkcyv zkhz fcbvtnpzlcb ce

    olcnhvv jdfalbdj o| 0":$! otz ndzha crd fcbvtnpzlcb lbfrdhvdj o| cudr 80$ hbj bcb.ndzhaalf nlbdrha fcbvtnpzlcb o| 86"

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    209/289

    ?09

    Elitrd 4"857 Jcndvzlf nhzdrlha fcbvtnpzlcb lb zkd DT.?9 o| nhlb nhzdrlha fhzdicrldv!

    ?000.?009

    0

    8"000

    ?"000

    6"000

    :"000

    4"000

    5"000

    9"000

    ;"000

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    210/289

    ?0;

    Elitrd 4"897 Nhzdrlha prcjtfzlulz| lb zkd DT.?4 lb ?009 Lbjtvzrlha IUH lb DT_ +8

  • 8/2/2019 European competitiveness report (Eng)/ Informe de la competitividad europea (Ing)/ EBren konpetitibitate txostena

    211/289

    ?0