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Europe post exploration
Governments and world powers
European Governments 1500’s-1700’s
Monarchies.
Limited monarchy
Absolute monarchy
In an absolute monarchy, the power is directly from God and all decisions lie with the monarch.
1215
1222
In a limited monarchy the monarch is theHead of state within parameters establishedin a written document
Where does the power come from?????
God
MONARCH
people
The Divine Right of Kings
World Powers during the age of Empire Building1. Spain
Philip II is the absolute monarch
A strong navy keeps Spain a world power
Spain is a Roman Catholic country, all non-Catholicsare persecuted and expelled.
This was a golden age in Spain
1550-1650
El Greco---Painter born in Greece.Velázquez---court painterVega---playwrightCervantes—first modern novel in Europe
Battles fought in the Mediterranean and the Netherlands to spread Catholic power.
The Netherlands declares independence.
Philip next invades England. (he considers Elizabeth I his chief protestant enemy).
The English defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
An incursion of silver leads to inflation.
Spain declines
Wars were costly.
Jews and Muslims were expelled, merchants and artisans.
Philip’s successors were weak.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos
2. France replaces Spain as the dominant nation in Europe in the late 1600’s
King Henry IV
Ended Religious wars(that had continued for 40 years)with the Edict of Nantes. 1598 Stopped persecution of the Huguenots thus improvedthe economic climate.
He was assassinated by a fanatical Roman Catholic in 1610
Louis XIII , his eldest son(9) was the next King of France
His principle minister was Cardinal Richelieu
France under Cardinal RichelieuHe strengthened royal authority.
He would not let nobles or Huguenots have private armies.
He appointed nobles to important posts ( jobs) in court
His successor, Cardinal Mazarin, was a protégé of Richelieu.Queen Anne appointed him to help her son.(Louis)
At the age of 5 Louis XIV came to the throne
Mazarin worked to keep the absolute monarchyfor Louis.
When Cardinal Mazarin diedLouis was 23 years of age, he began to govern. Took completecontrol of all affairs of France
“Just as the sun is the center of the solar system, the Sun King is thecenter of the Nation”
I am the State
'L'etat c'est moi'
France under Louis XIV
Made his army the strongest and largest standingArmy in all of Europe
72 years
Fought many wars , lived a life of luxury ,persecuted the HuguenotsMany of them fled from France, this had a negative impact on theEconomy.
Sun king
Revoked the edict of Nantes in 1685.
Expelled Jews in 1683
Absolute Monarchy in France
Louis XIV rules for 72 years•Absolute•Sun king•Collects taxes from all provinces
Strongest army in Europe•Fights many wars to gain territory•European nations ally to stop France
Makes France the leading court•Supports arts•Set high standards for arts
Revokes Edict of Nantes,
Persecutes Huguenots,
expelsJews andMuslims
VERSAILLES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5Njjd6R6d0
England –a limited monarchy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDg9AoJYxeY
English government review
King
• Henry II
• John
• Edward I
Accomplishment• Jury system, Royal Justice
and basis for common law
• Magna Carta 1215
• Strengthened power of Parliament with model Parliament , common people included
The Stuarts attempt controlof Parliament
The Tudors worked well with Parliament
16th to 17th century
Henry VIII Elizabeth I ( died sans heirs). The crown passes toElizabeth’s cousins, the Stuarts.
Stuarts
James I
James believed in the Divine Right of Kings
He ran into conflict with 1. Parliament 2. Catholics
There was a plot to blow him up
Gunpowder Plot
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Kas_HOy3fA
The English Civil War
A challenge to Absolutism
Cavaliers-supporters of King Charles I
Roundheads supporters of Parliament
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCmFBsS1BhA
The English Civil War
• The Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell, a puritan.
• Won a series of decisive battles
• In 1649, Kings Charles was executed.
• The monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished
• Cromwell set up a commonwealth known as the protectorate.
• The Church of England was abolished.
• After Cromwell's death, the protectorate collapsed
• The Restoration. Return of the Monarchy.
1642-1649
Restoration
Puritans lose their grip on England
• A new parliament invites Charles II back to England.
• He returned from the Netherlands
• This ended the “kingless decade”
• Charles II was charming and popular.
• He reopened taverns and theaters.
• Re-established the Church of England
• Encouraged toleration of all religious sects.
• He believed in absolute monarchy, but did not want to share his dad’s fate, so he worked with Parliament.
1660
The Road to limited Monarchy
1600 1690
1603Stuart Dynasty
1606Gunpowder Plot
1625Charles I
1642-49Civil War
1649Charles I executed
1660RestorationCharles II
1685James II
1688Glorious Revolution
Stuarts
Commonwealth
ProtectorCromwell
1653-1658
The Glorious Revolution
• When Charles died, he left no legitimate heirs.
• His brother came to the throne -- James II
(Stuart)• He was openly Catholic.• Parliament began to
worry that religious wars would again renew
• Parliament requested that James abdicate
Step down
Instead of the Divine Right of Kings, consent of the Governed was required
A truly limited monarchy
The Glorious Revolution-Accomplished without bloodshed
This was the first time that a government was changed becauseof the governed.
William of Orange and Mary are offered joint rule.
Victory of Parliament over the King
• They accepted parliamentary limitations
• Thus the establishment of a limited or constitutional monarchy
They signed The Declaration of Rights
• This document -guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of elections, parliamentary approval of taxation, and the right to petition
•-forbade cruel and unusual punishment, suspension of the law, and of due process
•-stated that no Catholic could succeed to throne of England
The English Bill of Rights
• James’ daughter, Mary, a protestant was invited to come and rule.
• Along with her husband William.
• James II fled to France• William and Mary
landed and signed the Bill of Rights.
• The monarchy had to consult with parliament
• Parliament had control of the money
• The monarch had to be a member of the church of England.
• A Toleration act gave religious freedom to Quakers, Puritans.
• Only Church of England members could hold office.
What does to
lerate
mean?
Constitutional Government
Political Parties
Provided a balance of tradition and new ideas
CabinetSet policy but could be disbanded by a vote of the House of Commons
Prime Minister
Head of the majority party in parliament and headed the cabinet
This is a government whose power is limited and defined by law
Those who are wealthy or royal are still a dominant class
Whigs andTories
Parliament
Sir Robert Walpole
David Cameron
Political parties todayLabour, liberal democrat andconservative
Residence of the Prime Minister
10 Downing Street
Stop here
Parliament triumphs in England
Give me three supporting details to back up the concept that
1.
2.
3.
Jamestown 1607
Laws based on Mercantilism are on the books for the English Colonists
Navigation Acts
Basically ignored
Quebec
Tudors & Parliament
Parliament wants to give consent before taxes are increasedLong Parliament declares parliament cannot be dissolved without consentCharles I is King English fight a Civil War 1640 ( in 1645 Charles I is executed)Cromwell is the Lord Protector and a commonwealth is set upRestoration Charles II becomes King after the death of CromwellJames II becomes King and wants to have a return to a Roman Catholic NationParliament asked him to step down, William and Mary are invited to accept Throne
of England ( They agree to the Bill of Rights) & England will alwayshave a protestant Monarch.
This event was the Glorious Revolution. A limited Monarchy The Prime Minister becomes the chief official of the British Government
North American Colonies
British French
Settlement First permanent colony 1607 First permanent colony Quebec 1608
Economy Most settlers on small farms, profits from sugar and tobacco
Hunting and trading for profit, some farmers fish
Religion Protestants Catholics and Jews Only Catholicism
Government British king chooses officials, colonists allowed some self government (assemblies)
French King selects officials, colony controlled strictly by France
In the 1700s, a war will be fought to control the colonial regions in North America
2nd point
When you have completed the test,
• place in folder in front of the room • take the 3 worksheets,• get a text book--------
• Complete all questions on worksheets.
Make sure information is in your notebook!
