Europe Faces Revolutions

Clash of Philosophies

• Conservative– Wealthy property owners– Nobility– Traditional, conservative

• Liberal– Middle class business owners– Elected parliaments, educated and land owners only

• Radical– Radicals– Democracy to all

Clash of Philosophies

• How can people have such different philosophies

• To which schools do U.S. political parties correspond?

Nationalism Develops

• Loyalty • Blur political lines• Nation States– Independent governments– 3 unified countries

Nationalism

• Culture• Religion• History• Nationality• Territory• Language

Challenges to Conservatives

• Greeks defeat Ottomans• Belgium defeat Dutch• France– Louis Philippe overthrown– Violence– Louis Napoleon takes over• Strong ruler• Public works, industrialization, prosperity

Russia

• Lost Crimean War• Serfs freed in 1861• Alexander II assassinated• Alexander III takes over– Industrialization– Strict control