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Europe
1.1 Physical Geography
• Europe is made up of several peninsulas with varied land regions and climates
• Large Peninsula- Western Eurasian
• Smaller Peninsulas– Italian– Scandinavian– Iberian
1.1 Physical Geography
• Europe also consists of many significant islands– Great Britain– Ireland– Iceland– Greenland– Sicily & Crete– Corsica
1.1 -Physical Geography
• Four major land regions of Europe– Western Uplands – stretch from the
Scandinavian peninsula to Spain and Portugal– Northern European Plain- lowlands that reach
across northern Europe– Central Uplands– Alpine- consists of the Alps and several other
mountain ranges
1.1 -Climate
• Europe has a mostly a humid temperate climate. Factors that influence that climate:– North Atlantic Drift- warm water current– Sirocco winds- winds that blow across
Mediterranean Sea that bring wet weather to southern Europe
– Mistral winds- cold, dry winds that blow across France
1.1 - 3 Climates of Europe
• Mediterranean – western Europe has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters; provides an extended growing season
• Humid Continental- eastern Europe has warm, wet summers and long cold winters
• Polar- Iceland, Greenland, and northern Scandinavia have cool summers and long, cold winter; very short growing season
1.2- Europe’s Coastline
• Trade- goods, ideas and religions have been moved throughout the world from the many ports of Europe
• Industry- fishing, ship building, harbors and even agriculture( polders).
• Exploration- around the world for wealth, religion and empires
• Settlement- almost every continent
1.3- Mountains
• Mountains– Alps- Switzerland, Germany and France– Pyrenees- separate France and Spain– Apennines- run along the Italian peninsula– Carpathian- extend through Poland, Romania,
and Ukraine– All of these mountains provide natural
resources( forestry, mining and agriculture)
1.3- Rivers
• Many navigable rivers used for transportation and trade
• Danube – flows through ten countries from the Alps to the Black Sea
• Rhine- flows from the Alps of Switzerland and Germany to the North Sea
• Canals have been built to connect rivers and form waterways across Europe
1.3 - Plains
• Northern European Plain – stretches from France all the way to Russia– Provides fertile soil – Many large farms– Location of most large cities in Europe
1.4 Protecting the Mediterranean Sea
• Human activities have a negative affect:– Over fishing– Pollution– Over development of coast- erosion
• What’s being done?– Marine reserves– Fishing quotas– Stricter pollution controls