EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE from Passenger Perspective or… I n t e r m o d a l i t y from Passenger Perspective or… PhD Thesis EUROCONTROL Experimental

EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE

I n t e r m o d a l i t y from Passenger Perspective from Passenger Perspective or…or…

PhD ThesisEUROCONTROL Experimental Centre

& University of ZILINA

Antonia COKASOVA

[email protected]: Vu DUONG & Ludek BENO

PASSENGERS’ CHOICE BETWEEN HIGH-SPEED TRAIN AND AIR TRANSPORT


2 parties3 parties

… … combine different transport modes combine different transport modes

in a seamless travel experience…in a seamless travel experience…

What is intermodality

What is intermodality?

2 success stories

FRA 3.7 million HST usersCDG 0.7 million HST users


Why intermodality in Europe

- airport ATFM delay compared to total delay increased to 46% in 2003

- 66% of airport derived ATFM delays caused by only 8 European airports

- these 8 airports handle only 19% of European traffic

- airlines hub & spoke way of operation


Why intermodality in Europe

Y% of the flights fly less than X NM

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

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90%

100%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

NM

% o

f th

e fl

igh

ts

- passengers wasting time by taking detour via hub airport

- many short haul flights - 50% of traffic less than 800 km

- fragmented network - 10% of city pairs represent 50% of traffic

X% of the CP represent Y% of the traffic

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

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90%

100%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

% of CP

% t

raff

ic


Intermodality – our hypothesis

50 % less

than 370 N.M.

No moreCongestio

nYahoo…


Only benefits, but…

No moreCongestion

Yahoo…

reduce en-route & airport congestion increased runway capacity reduce travel time for passengers reduced negative impact of transport on environment more balanced PAX modal split in Europe freed slots used for long haul flights increase airports catchment area more travel choice for passengers higher passenger throughput at airports

But… practice different than theory

LHR - CDG


Air Rail Intermodal Transport from Passenger Perspective at

the Major European Airports Pilot questionnaire in France (Air or Rail?) Time equation Demand model Modal split for 2 O/D pairs EEC Newsletter March 2003

www.eurocontrol.fr/Newsletter/2003/March/Intermodality/abstract_v0_2.htm

Where we started and where we go…

COKASOVA Antonia


Why from Passenger Perspective !

basic physical retroactionbasic physical retroaction

- how to make intermodality - how to make intermodality work work for passengersfor passengers, so passengers can , so passengers can work work for aviationfor aviation, choosing High Speed Train , choosing High Speed Train instead of air services on short haulinstead of air services on short haul


Objective

Work doneSound knowledge of air-rail intermodalityDescription of existing services offered by operatorsFeasibility, existing infrastructure and future plansAirlines’/airports’/railways’ approach and future visionImpact of intermodality - the most likely scenarios (co-operation?)Main constraints of intermodal transport

Current workPassenger perspective of intermodal travellingFirst hand information – the most important passenger preferencesOverview of passenger requirements in Europe

Questionnaires from Thalys & EurostarAirport Lisbon, Paris CDG

In the future

Forecast of passenger modal split in Europe – different scenarios

Impact of intermodal transport on air traffic


Passenger perspective

Connectivity issues- Point-to-point- Feeder service- Leg part

Definite winner- More travel choices- Better customer care- Travel time saving- Cleaner environment- Lower prices


Travel time – AIR vs. RAIL

What is the efficient distance/time for PAX (TIME is prior to distance)

Air Travel Time

Transport to AirportTime spent at the Airport (check-in, boarding)Flight time Awaiting for the baggage + customs Transport from the Airport

50 min 60 min ??? 20 min 50 min

180 min + ???

70 min + ???

30 min 10 min ??? 30 min

Rail Travel Time

Transport to StationTime spent at the StationTravel time Transport from the Station


Modal split and distance


Questionnaires

Thalys InternationalParis –Brussels/Amsterdam - 260 valid questionnaires

EurostarParis – London (return) - 276 valid questionnaires

Lisbon airport152 valid questionnaires

CDG Paris airport216 valid questionnaires

904


Preliminary results

ticket pricetravel timeaccess to airport or stationschedule & frequencyWalking & waiting timeon-board comforton-board servicesluggage handling

60%

40%

10%


…business and leisure

But…

Is HST ticket really Is HST ticket really much cheapermuch cheaper??

Is air transport Is air transport any fasterany faster on short haul?on short haul?


…is there a common denominator?


…men and women – striking differences


…what are your habits?


…what are your habits - BUGGAGE transfer?


…what are your habits – travel time?

…last but not least, any CORRELATIONS?

WOMEN choice of airplane & comfort choice of HST & price of travel

LEISURE choice of airplane & comfort choice of HST and nationality


Preliminary results

Only 7% of PAX would be willing to pay more for train ticket than plane ticket Only 8% of PAX check about luggage handling possibilities 64% find connection issues very important 65% wait at airports more than an hour before scheduled flight time 55% arrive to train station less than ½ hour before train departure time 16% would be willing to pay extra for luggage through check, but 34%

strongly denies spending any extra money on luggage through check 66% base their choice of transport mode on travel time 21% would pay extra to have luggage delivered to their domicile 42% passengers have different preferences when travelling business

…and more


Future work

???Impact of

intermodality on air traffic

better distribution of transport demandmore satisfied passengers =less waiting time

released runway and ATC resourcesimmediate relief to congestion

reduced negative environmental impactsimproves ground access to airports

No moreCongestio

nYahoo…

- passenger perspective – a key to wellorganised intermodal solution- investigate mutual satisfaction of two sets of needs = how to make air-rail inter-modality work towards passenger satisfaction, so passengers can assist in releasing constrained airport and ATM capacity by using High Speed Train instead of short haul flights - what is the amount of traffic that could be replaced by HST, what is PAX tendency to modal shift?


…long way ahead

Documents

EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE from Passenger Perspective or… I n t e r m o d a l i t y from Passenger Perspective or… PhD Thesis EUROCONTROL Experimental