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Euler, Topic Mapsand Revolution
An Introduction to ISO/IEC 13250
Topic MapsTapsa Pippuri <[email protected]>
Senior Information ArchitectSTEP Infotek A.S, Oslo
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Disclaimer
• Do not expect to grasp all the details
• Our goals today:– to provide an overview– to spark further interest
• More details in the Proceedings (and XML Handbook, 2nd Edition)
• Contact <[email protected]> for tutorials and/or workshops...
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topic Maps are...
• Another great ISO standard from SC34 … for describing knowledge structures
• “An international standard for typed links”
• The bridge between knowledge management and information management
• A new paradigm for organising, maintaining and navigating information
• “The GPS of the information universe”
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
ApplicabilityAnyone who needs to manage large pools of
disparate interconnected information objects
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
The Motivation
• Originally: To represent knowledge structures for indexes
• Extended to other forms of navigation aid:– The electronic equivalent of TOCs,
glossaries, thesauri, cross references
• Today seen as providing a new organising principle for information
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
ISO standard 13250
• Describes an abstract data model
• Defines an SGML/HyTime based interchange syntax
• An XML/XLink based form will follow when the XML linking specifications are stable
• Subject to final vote as I speak
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Key concepts
• Topics• Occurrences• Associations
– also:– Scope– Identity and public subjects– Facets
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topics
• A topic is any “thing” whatsoever about which anything whatsoever may be asserted by any means whatsoever!
• Persons, entities, concepts – depending on the information in question
• (More precisely, it’s a topic link element in the topic map, but don’t worry about that yet!)
• Some examples, please...
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topics
Kullervo
Helsinki
SallinenHämeenlinna
Finland
Sibelius
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
More about topics
• topics have types
• and characteristics:– zero or more names– zero or more occurrences– zero or more associations
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topic types
• “types” attribute speficies the class(es) of which a topic is an instance
• represents the “IS-A” relationship• a.k.a. “hypernymy” or “superordination” or
“set-member”• More examples...
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topic types
Kullervo
Helsinki
SallinenHämeenlinna
Finland
Sibelius
country operatown composer
Legend:
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topic types
• Encyclopaedia: country, town, person, work…• Thesaurus: domain, concept, term...• SW documentation: system block, service
block, command group, command…• Legal publishing: law, case, court, concept,
commentator…• TechDoc: component, supplier, procedure,
error condition…
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topic names
• Three kinds:– base name, display name, sort name
• Multiple names:– Helsinki, Helsingfors– WSSSL (multiple expansions)
• Topic naming constraint:– Two topics cannot have the same name in the
same scope (e.g. “Kullervo”)
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Occurrences
• Information that is specified as being relevant to a given subject
• An occurrence (or set of occurrences) of a topic within one or more addressable information objects (in an information pool)
• The “link” between the knowledge map and the information repository
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Occurrence roles
• Different types of occurrences represented by occurrence roles
• For example: monograph, article, picture, video, mention, commentary, example, description, definition, syntax production, parameter list, functional description, overview, amendment, blueprint, graph …
• You get to choose!
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Occurrence roles
article picture mention definition
Legend:
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Representing indexes
Helsinki ...................... 49Hämeenlinna ............... 17, 77Kullervo ...................... 72 Sallinen ...................... 42 Sibelius ...................... 22Tavastehus, see Hämeenlinna
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topic associations
• Describe relationships between topics:
• “Helsinki is in Finland”• “Hotel Kämp is in Helsinki”• “Sibelius was born in Hämeenlinna”• “Kullervo was written by Sibelius”• “Tolkien was influenced by Kalevala”
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Topic associations
Sibelius
Hämeenlinna Hotel Kämp
KullervoHelsinkiFinland
Tolkien
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Association types
Sibelius
Hämeenlinna Hotel Kämp
KullervoHelsinkiFinland
Tolkien
is-in born-in written-by influenced-by
Legend:
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Association types
Sibelius
Hämeenlinna Hotel Kämp
KullervoHelsinkiFinland
Tolkien
“portable semantic network”
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Other concepts
• Scope & Themes:Describes the limits of the validity of a topic characteristic assignment
• Facets:Provide a mechanism for assigning property/value pairs to information objects
• Subject identity & Public subjects:Establishing identity between topics within and across topic maps
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Self-documentation
• Topics have types and topic types are (also) topics
• Occurrence roles are topics
• Scopes consist of themes that are themselves topics
• Association types and association roles are topics
• Facets and facet values are also topics!
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
But … Euler?
c
a
d
b
g
f
e
Leonhard Euler(1707-83)
Bridges of Königsberg Problem
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Jean le Rond d’Alembert(1717-83)
Graph Theory
Denis Diderot(1713-84)
L’Encyclopédie
Revolution
Topic Maps
Reference Works
Euler? Revolution?
Leonhard Euler(1707-83)
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
Connections
• Life is full of connections
• Knowledge and creativity thrive on them
• Today’s information owners need tobe able to exploit them
• Topic Maps are the exciting new technology for doing so, efficiently and reliably
tapsa pippuri, topic maps, xml finland '99
To join the revolution
Standard text and other materials:http://www.infoloom.com
Topic map mailing list:<[email protected]>
Workshops and tutorials:<[email protected]>
Kiitos ja näkemiin!