Eukaryotic cells

Most are multi-celled

Some are uni-cellular

Heterotrophs

Live in moist, warm areas

Have Cell Walls

FUNGI

• Fungi used to be classified in the plant kingdom because, like plants, many fungi grow anchored in soil

and have cell walls.

FUNGI

• The basic structural units of multicellular fungi are their threadlike filaments called hyphae, which develop

from fungal spores.

Some hyphae anchor the fungus, some invade the food source, and others form fungal reproductive structures.

Bread Mold

Hyphae

Spores

Mycelium

Fungal Structure

• Fungal body – mycelium

• thread-like cells• Network of hyphae

• Cell wall – Made of chitin

• polysaccharide• just like insect

exoskeletons

Internal structure

• Eukaryotic cells– long, thread-like cells

• filamentous

– incomplete divisions between cells• septum

– multiple nuclei

plant cell

fungal hypha

plant cellmembrane

plantcell wall

Modes of Nutrition

• Heterotrophic– secrete digestive enzymes – feed by absorption

• parasites – feeding on living creatures

• predators– paralyzing prey

• saprobes (decomposers)– breakdown dead remains

Reproduction

• Asexual – budding in yeast– fragmentation– zygospores

• spread by wind, water, animals

• Sexual– joining of haploid hyphae– ascospores

Zygomycota (Bread & Fruit Mold)

Decomposers

Hyphae without septa

Reproduction: Asexual- zygospores Sexual- hyphae fuse

Zygomycota

(Bread & Fruit Mold)

Ascomycota• sac fungi

• Largest phylum of fungi

• Saprobes, parasites, pathogens.

• Yeast are microscopic, while most other Ascomycota are macroscopic

• Produce sexual ascospores in sac-like structures called asci

Basidiomycota • Include mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns• macroscopic forms -saprobes. • microscopic forms - pathogens & parasites.• Form sexual spores called basidiospores found in the

gills

Imperfect FungiAround 25,000 additional fungus species are grouped in this phylum.

Members include

Trichophyton (Athlete's foot), Penicillium notatum (Penicillin), Candida albicans ("Yeast“ infections)

Deuteromycota. These fungi are often termed “fungi imperfecti” because sexual reproduction has never been observed in them. They lack the structures for sexual reproduction, and produce

their spores asexually.

Daniel

Ecological Roles• Decomposers

– recycle nutrients

• Symbiotic Relationships– lichen

• fungi + algae (Mutualism)– cyanobacteria or green algae

• pioneer species in ecosystems• makes soil from bare rock

– mycorrhizae• fungi + plants• live in & amongst plant roots• enables plants to absorb more water & nutrients

Mycorrhizae

• Critical role in plant growth– extends water & nutrient absorption of roots

withoutmycorrhizae

withmycorrhizae