EU - Taiwan 歐盟-台灣...Trade and Investment Factfile 2006 EU – TAIWAN I. Trade relations In 2005, Taiwan was the EU’s • 9th supplier in merchandise trade • 23rd client

EU - Taiwan歐盟-台灣

Trade and Investment Factfile 2006

貿易及投資概況

European Economic and Trade Office歐洲經貿辦事處

貿易及投資概況 �歐盟 – 台灣

EU – Taiwan歐盟 – 台灣

Trade and Investment Factfile 2006

貿易及投資概況

歐洲經貿辦事處European Economic and Trade Office

May 2006

Trade and Investment Factfile 2006� EU – TAIWAN

Overview Taiwan is the world’s 15th exporter and importer in 2004. The European Union is the world’s biggest economy, with around 10.000 billion Euros in annual GDP, and the world’s largest trading entity, making up 18 percent of world trade in goods and more than 25% of trade in services. (WTO statistics, 2004)

Taiwan is the EU’s 14th trading partner worldwide, and its 4th in East Asia. The bilateral trade volume levelled in 2005 at high tide, after two consecutive years of strong growth (+9.3% in 2003 and +18.6% in 2004), according to Taiwanese customs statistics. The EU is Taiwan’s fourth trading partner, accounting for around 11% of Taiwan’s foreign trade.

Direct investment both ways continues to increase. The EU, which was the largest provider of new foreign direct investment (FDI) to Taiwan in 2004, has more than 6 billion Euros in stock of FDI, in a wide array of sectors ranging from retail to electronics and computers. Taiwanese companies, with a stock of FDI of more than 2 billion Euros in the EU, are becoming more aware of the investment opportunities offered by the European Union in logistics, manufacturing or the high-tech sector, among many others.

EU citizens living and working in Taiwan contribute greatly to this relationship, and their numbers continue to grow. Visas issued both ways to short-term visitors are also on the increase, with a record-high 300.000 Taiwanese travellers to the EU in 2005.

貿易及投資概況歐盟 – 台灣

概況 2004年，台灣名列世界第十五名的進出口貿易體。歐

盟，全球最大的經濟體，每年的生產毛額將近一兆歐元，全

球最大的貿易體，佔全球貨物貿易總額的18%、全球服務貿

易總額的25%。(2004年世界貿易組織統計資料)

台灣排行歐盟全球貿易夥伴的第十四位，在東亞排名

第四。根據台灣關稅統計資料顯示，雙邊貿易往來的數量

在連續兩年的大幅成長後 (2003年增加9.3% ，2004年增加了

18.6%) 於2005年穩定持平。歐盟是台灣排名第四的貿易夥

伴，大約佔了台灣對外貿易的11%。

直接投資也持續的成長。在2004年，台灣海外直接投

資(FDI)最大的來源是歐盟。超過六十億歐元的海外直接投

資，投資在一系列包括零售、電子以及電腦等產業。台灣的

企業有鑑於歐盟國家所提供在物流、製造和高科技產業方面

的眾多投資機會，已經有超過二十億歐元的金額直接投資在

歐盟各國。

在台灣居住和工作的歐盟公民對於雙方貿易關係的貢

獻也功不可沒，而這些歐盟人民的數量持續成長。雙邊短期

簽證的數量也不斷增加，在2005年，台灣前往歐洲旅遊的人

次創下30萬人的新高。

3

Trade and Investment Factfile 2006 EU – TAIWAN

I. Trade relationsIn 2005, Taiwan was the EU’s

• 9th supplier in merchandise trade• 23rd client• 14th trading partner worldwide (overall imports+exports)• 5th trading partner in Asia after China, Japan, Korea and India

1.1 Trade in goods: there is still room for increaseThere are discrepancies between Eurostat trade statistics and Taiwanese customs statistics, among others due to variations in the exchange rates. The following is based on Eurostat statistics. See 1.6 for a longer term analysis based on Taiwanese customs statistics.

EU – Taiwan trade in goods has been recovering since 2004 from a downturn in 2002 – 2003. It is now back to its high levels of 1999, although the peak of 2000-2001 seems more difficult to reach.

Exports and imports have both picked up, leaving behind a persistant trade deficit for the EU at more than 10 billion Euros in 2005. The EU’s cover rate – i.e. the share of EU imports covered by exports – stands at more than 50%, which also constitutes a stable pattern since the end of the 1990s.

�

貿易及投資概況 �歐盟 – 台灣

Trade in goods between the EU and Taiwan 歐盟和台灣的貨物貿易Eurostat, billion Euros 歐盟統計局，單位10億歐元

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

EU exports to Taiwan

��.0 ��.� �3.� ��.9 ��.0 ��.9 ��.8

EU imports from Taiwan

��.3 �8.3 �6.0 �3.� ��.� �3.6 �3.7

Total 33.3 �3.� 39.� 3�.� 33.3 36.� 36.�

Annual growth rate

+30.3% -9.�% -�0.9% -�% +9.3% +0%

Balance for the EU

-9.3 -�3.� -��.� -��.3 -��.� -�0.7 -�0.9

1.2 Trade in services generates a growing surplus for the EU

EU – Taiwan trade in services is growing faster than trade in goods, with growth rates of 13% in 2003 and 21% in 2004.

This also means that the share of services in the bilateral trade flow is growing, from representing around 10% of the trade in goods in 2001 to 14% in 2004.

Trade in services with Taiwan generates a surplus for the EU which reached 1 billion Euros in 2004. This corresponds to around 10% of Taiwan’s surplus on trade in goods. Trade in services with Taiwan represents less than 1% of the EU’s external trade in services, and around one fifth of its trade in services with Japan, or one third of its trade in services with China.


1. 貿易關係在2005年，台灣是歐盟的 • 第9大的貨物供應商• 排名第23的客戶• 排名第14的全球貿易夥伴 (包含進口和出口)• 排名第5的亞洲貿易夥伴，在中國，日本，韓國和印度之後

1.1 貨物貿易：尚有擴大的空間由於匯率的計算方式等因素不同，造成歐盟統計局(Eurostat)和台灣關稅統計的數

字有所差異。以下的資料是根據歐盟統計局。1.6則是根據台灣關稅統計數字所

做的長期分析。

歐盟與台灣貨物貿易在歷經了2002到2003年的衰退後，於2004年後逐漸好轉。目前已回到1999年的水準，然而，要達到2000和2001年所創的高峰似乎很不容易。出口和進口貿易皆有成長，2005年台灣對歐盟的貿易逆差持續在100億歐元以上。也就是說，歐盟的覆蓋率，進口與出口的

比例超過50%，這也是自1990年代末期，維持至今的現象。

貿易及投資概況歐盟 – 台灣

Trade in services between the EU and Taiwan 歐盟和台灣的貨物貿易

Eurostat, billion Euros 歐盟統計局，單位10億歐元

2001 2002 2003 2004EU exports to Taiwan �.0 �.0 �.3 3.�EU imports from Taiwan �.8 �.8 �.0 �.�Total 3.8 3.8 �.3 �.�Balance for the EU 0.� 0.� 0.3 �.0Trade in services compared to trade in goods 9.6% �0.8% ��.9% ��.�%

1.2 服務貿易為歐盟創造盈餘

歐盟與台灣的服務貿易比貨物貿易成長更為迅速，2003年為13% 、2004年為21%。也就是說服務貿易在雙邊貿易中的比例，處於成長狀態，從2001年佔貨物貿易10%成長至2004年的14%。

對台灣的服務貿易為歐盟在2004年創造了10億歐元的盈餘。相當於台灣對歐盟的貨物貿易順差的10%。歐盟對台灣的服務貿易在歐盟整體對外服務貿易的比重不到1%，約為歐盟對日本服

務貿易的五分之一，或對中國的三分之一。

7


1.3 EU imports: Taiwan is the 9th supplier of merchandise to the European Union

The EU imported 23.6 billion Euros in goods from Taiwan in 2005. This is:• more than from India (18 billion) or Canada (17 billion)• about twice as much as imports from Australia (9 billion) or Thailand (13 billion)• about three times as much as imports from Chile or Ukraine, and four times as much as imports from Vietnam or Bulgaria

The EU's imports from Taiwan amount to about 15% of its imports from China (158 billion) and one third of its imports from Japan (73 billion).

Taiwan supplies 2% of total EU imports of merchandise, but much more in the specific sector of information technology products, where Taiwan's share of the European market stands at around 8%, without taking into account the share of Taiwanese companies invested in China which also export to the EU.

1.3 歐盟進口貿易：台灣是歐盟排行第九的貨物供應者

在2005年，歐盟從台灣進口236億歐元的商品，這個金額：• 超過印度(180億 )或加拿大(170億)• 是澳洲(90億)或泰國(130億)的兩倍• 是智利和烏克蘭的三倍且是越南和保加利亞的四倍

歐盟自台灣進口的貿易額總額大約是從中國進口總額(1580億歐元)的15%，或是從日本進口總額(730億歐元)的三分之一。台灣供應了歐盟所有進口貨物的2%，而且台灣在歐盟進口資訊

貿易及投資概況 9歐盟 – 台灣

產品的市場佔有率為8%，這還沒有將那些在中國投資的台灣企業計算在內。

Taiwan has kept its rank as the EU's 9th largest supplier since 2002.台灣從2002年一直穩坐歐盟的第九大供應者的位置。

Rank. EU Imports from Mio euro %

world

World 1.172.435 100,0 1 USA 162.689 13,92 China 157.718 13,53 Russia 106.632 9,14 Japan 72.833 6,25 Norway 67.000 5,76 Switzerland 65.971 5,67 Turkey 33.418 2,98 Korea 33.200 2,89 Taiwan 23.659 2,0

10 Brazil 23.162 2,011 Saudi Arabia 21.975 1,912 Algeria 20.792 1,813 Libya 19.504 1,714 India 18.872 1,615 Singapore 18.194 1,6

Trade and Investment Factfile 2006�0 EU – TAIWAN

1.4 EU exports: Taiwan is the 23rd largest client for merchandise of the European Union

The EU exported 12.8 billion Euros of goods to Taiwan in 2005.• more than to Algeria (10 billion) or Thailand (8 billion)• about twice as much as exports to Bulgaria (7 billion) or Nigeria (6 billion)• about four times as much as to New Zealand (3 billion) or the Philippines (3.5 billion)

EU exports to Taiwan amount to about one quarter of its exports to China or to Japan (52 and 44 billion respectively).

1.4 歐盟輸出品：台灣是歐盟貨品貿易排行第23大的客戶

歐盟在2005年出口128億歐元的貨物到台灣

• 超過阿爾及利亞(100億)或泰國(80億) • 是出口到保加利亞(70億)或奈及利亞(60億)的兩倍• 是紐西蘭(30億)或菲律賓(35億)的四倍

歐盟出口到台灣的總額大約是出口到中國和日本的四分之一(分別是520億和440億)

貿易及投資概況 ��歐盟 – 台灣

Taiwan purchases 1.2% of the EU's exports. Taiwan's rank as a client for the EU slipped from the 19th to the 23rd position between 2004 and 2005.台灣購買約1.2%的歐洲出口商品。排行自2004年的第19位下降至2005年的第23位。

Rank. EU Exports to Mio euro % world

World 1.058.812 100,0

1 USA 249.984 23,62 Switzerland 81.835 7,73 Russia 56.322 5,34 China 51.671 4,95 Japan 43.567 4,16 Turkey 41.791 3,97 Norway 33.833 3,2

8 United Arab Emir. 25.215 2,4

9 Canada 23.638 2,210 Romania 21.776 2,111 India 21.086 2,012 Australia 20.680 2,013 Hong Kong 20.416 1,914 Korea 20.121 1,915 South Africa 18.068 1,716 Singapore 17.180 1,617 Mexico 16.730 1,618 Brazil 15.940 1,519 Saudi Arabia 15.402 1,520 Israel 13.381 1,321 Ukraine 13.014 1,222 Iran 12.934 1,223 Taiwan 12.800 1,224 Morocco 11.717 1,1

Trade and Investment Factfile 2006�� EU – TAIWAN

1.5 EU – Taiwan trade volume: Taiwan is the EU’s 14th largest trade partner overall

EU – Taiwan overall trade (exports + imports) amounted to 36.5 billion Euros in 2005. This is almost exactly the same amount as in 2004, and it represents:

• more than the EU's trade with Australia (30 billion) or South Africa (35 billion)• more than twice the amount of trade with Indonesia or Tunisia• more than three times as much as trade with Chile or the Philippines

Taiwan slipped from being the EU's 9th or 10th largest trade partner since the beginning of the 2000s, to the 14th rank in 2005. This is due to a combination of factors, among which the fast-growing trade flows with India and Brazil (now 10th and 11th partners of the EU), whose population is several times larger than Taiwan’s ; the rising oil prices, which brought Saudi Arabia forward to the 12th rank ; and the accelerating economic integration with Romania, 13th partner in 2005, before it becomes a full member of the EU in 2007 or 2008.

The EU’s trade deficit with Taiwan remains stable at 10.9 billion Euros in 2005, virtually unchanged from 2004, but still on a slow downward trend since 2000 (-13.2 billion Euros).

1.5 歐盟與台灣貿易交易量：台灣是歐盟的第14大貿易夥伴

歐盟與台灣貿易總額(進口+出口)在2005年達到365億歐元，與2004年的金額非常接近，• 超過歐盟對澳洲(300億)或南非(350億)的貿易量• 是歐盟對印尼或突尼西亞貿易量的兩倍• 是歐盟對智利或菲律賓貿易量的三倍

貿易及投資概況 �3歐盟 – 台灣

在2000年代初期，台灣已開始從位居歐盟第九、第十大的貿易夥伴逐年下滑，在2005年成為第十四位。台灣排名下滑的原因眾多，其一為歐盟對印度與巴西貿易的快速成長（現已分別為歐盟第十大與第十一大貿易夥伴），這兩國的人口總數是台灣的數倍之多。油價的不斷攀升，使沙烏地阿拉伯躍升至第十二位。此外，目前已成為第十三大貿易夥伴的羅馬尼亞，也加速與歐盟的經濟整合，期待在2007 年或2008年時成為歐盟的正式

會員國。

歐盟對台灣的貿易逆差持續， 2 0 0 5 年總額為 1 0 9 億歐元，與 2 0 0 4 年相比幾無變化，但自 2 0 0 0 年起已呈現緩慢減少的趨勢（ 2 0 0 0 年逆差 1 3 2 億歐元）。

Rank. EU Imports+Exports Mio euro %

world

World 2.231.248 100,0 1 USA 412.674 18,52 China 209.389 9,43 Russia 162.954 7,34 Switzerland 147.806 6,65 Japan 116.399 5,26 Norway 100.833 4,57 Turkey 75.209 3,48 Korea 53.321 2,49 Canada 40.775 1,8

10 India 39.958 1,811 Brazil 39.102 1,812 Saudi Arabia 37.378 1,713 Romania 37.050 1,714 Taiwan 36.459 1,615 Singapore 35.374 1,6


1.6 EU – Taiwan trade over the last 15 years: increase, drawbacks and renewed dynamismBased on Taiwanese customs statistics

Overall trade in goods (imports+exports):

• an annual growth rate in bilateral trade of more than 8% from 1990 to 1997• a 22% decline between the peak of 2000 and the year 2002 (international factors and Taiwan's own economic crisis)• strong growth in 2003 (+9.3%), even more in 2004 (+18.6%), and a historical record high maintained in 2005 with a levelling trade volume (+1.2% total, with a slight contraction in Taiwanese exports to the EU, -1.3%, and a moderate growth in EU exports to Taiwan, +4.5%)

1.6 歐盟與台灣十五年間的貿易交流：呈穩定的成長，中間雖有消退，但現在日趨頻繁根據台灣關稅統計資料

整體貨物貿易（進口加出口）

• 1990年至 1997年間，每年雙邊貿易成長率超過8%。• 由於國際因素再加上台灣本身的經濟危機，在2000年達到高峰後至 2002年下降了22%。 • 2003年大幅度成長（增加9.3%），2004年更進一步攀升(增加18.6%)，及至2005年的持平(整體增加了1.2%, 包括台灣出口至歐盟輕微萎縮了1.3%，以及歐盟出口至台灣微幅成長約 4.5%)。


Trade balance (trade in goods only):

• A balanced trade in the 1993-1998 period of steady growth• Back to deficit since 1999, around 6 billion USD according to Taiwanese statistics, 10 billion Euros according to Eurostat• A slowly diminishing trend for the EU's deficit, due to relatively dynamic EU exports to Taiwan since 2000, with a 4.5 billion USD deficit in 2005 after 5.6 in 2004 (Taiwanese customs statistics)

貿易平衡（僅限於貨物貿易）

• 1993年至1998年間穩定地成長，達到貿易平衡。• 1999年重現貿易逆差，根據台灣統計資料，金額約在60億美金，歐盟統計局資料為100億歐元。歐盟對台灣的貿易逆差漸趨減少，歸因於歐盟貨物出口至台灣加速成長，2005年逆差總額為45億美金，前一年為56億美金。（台灣關稅統計資料）

Trade between EU 25 and Taiwan since 1989(bn USD - source : Taiwan Customs Statistics)

05

1015202530354045

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Total Trade EU imports EU exports


1.7 The EU is Taiwan’s fourth largest trade partner

In 2005, the EU was Taiwan’s fourth largest trade partner after China (including Hong Kong), Japan and the United States. The EU accounts for 10.6% of Taiwan’s total external trade in goods (down from 11.4% in 2004), purchases 11.6% of Taiwan’s exports (down from 12.8% in 2004) and provides 9.3% of its imports (down from 9.9% in 2004). This diminishing share of the EU in Taiwan’s external trade is partly due to the rapid expansion of cross-straits trade, which grew by 12% last year and now accounts for 25% of Taiwan’s overall trade, but more generally to the regionalisation of Taiwan’s external trade, which is increasingly with Asian countries.

1.7 歐盟是台灣第四大貿易夥伴

在2005年，歐盟是台灣第四大貿易夥伴，僅次於中國（含香港）、日本和美國。歐盟佔了台灣對外貿易總額的10.6%（減少自2004年的11.4%），購買了11.6%的台灣輸出品（減少自2004年的12.8%），佔台灣進口商品的9.3%（減少自2004年的9.9%）。在台灣對外貿易中，歐盟所佔比例減少的主要原因為，兩岸交易的快速擴展。去年兩岸交易成長了12%，現在則佔了台灣整體貿易量的25%。另一個主要因素是台灣對外貿易的地區化逐漸增加了與亞洲各國的貿易往來。


Share of Taiwan's External Trade

China16%Hong Kong

9%

Japan16%

US13%

Malaysia3%

Australia2%

Others20%

EU11%

Korea5%

Saudi Arabia2%

Singapore3%

Taiwan Trade with its main Partners(bn USD - source : Taiwan Customs Statistics)

0102030405060708090

100

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

China (inc. HK) Japan US EU


The China factor

Taiwanese-owned companies in China play a significant part in the three-way trade relations between the EU, Taiwan and China. A large part of the Taiwanese exports to China enter in the production process of goods which are then re-exported to third countries, among which the EU. Estimates on the share of Chinese exports produced by Taiwanese-owned companies range from 10 to 20%. Extrapolating, this could mean that somewhere between 15 and 30 billion Euros were exported by Taiwanese-owned companies from China to the EU in 2005, out of China’s 157 billion Euros total exports to the EU. This would actually be comparable to the volume of goods exported directly from Taiwan to the EU – 23 billion Euros in 2005. Although these are only rough estimates, there is no doubt that the increasing economic integration across the Taiwan straits must be taken into account when studying trade flows between the EU, China and Taiwan.

中國因素

位在中國的台商公司在歐盟、台灣、中國三方的貿易中扮演著重要的角色。許多商品從台灣出口至中國加工製造後，再輸出至其他國家，歐盟便是其中之一。中國對外輸出額中，估計由台商企業生產的部分約佔了一成到兩成。進一步推算，在2005年中國出口至歐盟的1570億總額中，約有150億至300億歐元是台商企業的出口額。這個數字和台灣在2005年直接出口至歐盟的總額，230億歐元相當。雖然這只是粗略的計算，但兩岸貿易的持續整合對了解歐盟、中國、台灣三方的貿易交流是十分重要的。


1.8 EU – Taiwan trade by Member States of the European UnionA methodological warning: the EU’s single market and free circulation of goods in this market make it difficult to attribute specific trade flows with non-EU economies to one individual Member State in particular. The following analysis and graphs are based on Taiwanese customs statistics.

Germany has been Taiwan’s first European trade partner for several years. Germany, France, Sweden and Austria are the only EU countries to have a trade surplus with Taiwan, according to Taiwanese statistics (although French statistics still register a deficit for 2005).

The most impressive annual growth rates in bilateral trade with Taiwan came in 2005 from new members of the EU such as Slovakia (more than doubled bilateral trade at 230 million Euros), Hungary or Poland (both with an almost 50% increase in bilateral trade at more than 500 million USD each). This was mainly driven by Taiwanese exports to these new members, which are now fully integrated in the EU’s single market. But they also registered good success in exporting to Taiwan, with a 68% increase in Czech exports, and a 37% increase for Hungarian exports. Overall, the share of the 10 new Member States in the EU – Taiwan trade jumped to 5% in 2005, and to more than 7% of Taiwan’s exports to the Union.

On higher volumes, France, Spain and Austria also did very well with exports growth rates to Taiwan of around 20% as compared to 2004.


1.8 台灣與歐盟各會員國之間的貿易方法論的警告：由於歐盟是一個單一市場，再加上自由流通的商品，很難將與

非歐盟夥伴的貿易量，歸納於某個會員國。以下是根據台灣關稅統計的分析資

料與圖表。

多年來，德國一直是台灣第一大的歐洲貿易夥伴。根據台灣的統計資料，德國、法國、瑞典和奧地利是歐盟國家中對台灣維持貿易順差的國家（雖然法國2005年的統計資料仍顯示逆差）。

然而，2005年最令人注目的雙邊貿易年成長率發生在歐盟新會員國，像是斯洛伐克（超過2004年斯洛伐克與台灣雙方貿易的兩倍，高達兩億三千萬歐元）、匈牙利或波蘭（兩者皆成長近乎百分之五十，超過五億美金）的加入。這些新會員國貿易活動已經完全整合至歐盟單一市場，以致於台灣對這些新會員的出口貿易量快速成長。但這些國家也很成功地將商品出口到台灣，如捷克就成長了68%，匈牙利成長了37%。整體而言，在2005年，歐盟的十個新會員國與台灣的貿易在歐台的貿易數字中躍升到5%，而且在台灣至歐盟的出口總量中佔7%。

另外，比起2004年，法國、西班牙與奧地利對台灣的出口貿易

也大約有20%的成長率。


Trade Volume between EU 25 and Taiwan(By Member State - MUSD -2004 - source : Taiwan Customs Statistics)

02000400060008000

1000012000

Ger

man

yN

ethe

rland

sU

KFr

ance

Italy

Bel

gium

Spai

nFi

nlan

dSw

eden

Irel

and

Den

mar

kA

ustri

aH

unga

ryPo

land

Portu

gal

Cze

chLu

xem

bour

gSl

ovak

iaG

reec

eLi

thua

nia

Esto

nia

Slov

enia

Mal

taLa

tvia

Cyp

rus

EU Exports EU Imports

Trade balance between EU 25 and Taiwan(by Member State - MUSD - 2005 - source : Taiwan Custom statistics)

-2500-2000-1500-1000-500

0500

100015002000

Ger

man

yFr

ance

Swed

enA

ustri

aM

alta

Cyp

rus

Slov

enia

Latv

iaIr

elan

dEs

toni

aLi

thua

nia

Cze

chG

reec

eSl

ovak

iaPo

rtuga

lLu

xem

bour

gFi

nlan

dH

unga

ryB

elgi

umIta

lyD

enm

ark

Pola

ndSp

ain

UK

Net

herla

nds


Share of EU Trade Volume with Taiwan (2005)

Germany27%

Netherlands16%

UK12%

France10%

Italy8%

Others13%

Finland3%

Sweden3%

Belgium4%

Spain4%


1.9 Structure by product of the EU – Taiwan trade in merchandiseEurostat 2004 figures

EU imports from Taiwan: highly concentrated on information technology products

a) Machinery and transport equipment account for 74% of Taiwanese exports to the EU.• Within this category, office and telecom equipment (including computers, flat screens, mobile telecommunication devices, photographic equipment etc.) is the largest group of items, with a share of more than 50% of Taiwan’s total exports to the EU – 12.6 billion Euros out of a total of 23.6 in 2004.• Transport equipment is also an important sub-category with around 2 billion Euros exports, almost half of this in bicycles and bicycle or motorcycle parts.• Taiwan holds 5% of the EU's market in machinery and transport equipment, and 8.7% in the office and telecom equipment sub-category where Taiwan is the EU's 4th supplier.

b) Manufactured articles (including iron and steel, plastics, tools, toys, furniture…) account for another 22% of Taiwanese exports to the EU with about 5 billion Euros.

EU exports to Taiwan: more balanced between industrial and consumer goods

a) Machinery and transport equipment is also the first category, accounting for 46% of all EU exports to Taiwan. However, this is more evenly spread between sub-categories.• Office and telecom equipment account for 14.5% of total exports (1.8 billion Euros)• Industrial machinery is at the same level (14.5%, 1.8 billion)• Transport equipment, mainly aircraft, passenger cars and railway


equipment accounted for 1.3 billion Euros in 2004, or 10.5% of total EU exports

b) Chemicals and pharmaceuticals, at more than 2 billion Euros, make 16% of the EU’s exports to Taiwan.

c) Manufactured articles, at around 3 billion, account for around 25% of EU exports.

d) Food and beverages, with around 500 million Euros, make 5% of the total.

1.9 歐盟與台灣貨物貿易的產業結構歐盟統計局：2004年數字

台灣出口到歐盟：高度集中於資訊科技產業

A) 台灣出口至歐盟的總額中，機械與運輸設備占74%。• 這類產品中，以辦公與通信設備（包括電腦、平面螢幕、手機通信設備、攝影器材等）為最大宗，超過對歐盟出口貿易總量的50%，在2004年的總額236億歐元中，佔126億歐元。• 運輸設備也是重要的次項目，約有20億歐元的出口金額，幾乎有一半是自行車以及自行車與摩托車零件。• 歐盟的機械與運輸設備的進口市場中，台灣擁有5%的市場佔有率，且辦公以及通信器材，占了8.7%，是歐盟的第四大供應商。

B) 製造業（包含鋼鐵、塑膠、工具、玩具、家具…）則佔了台

灣出口至歐盟總額的22%，約50億歐元。


歐盟出口到台灣：工業與消費性商品並重

A) 機械與運輸設備也是第一強項，占所有歐盟對台灣出口貿易總額的46%。次項目的比例分配則比較平均。

• 辦公與通信設備佔對台出口貿易總額的14.5%（18億歐元）• 工業機械類的比例相同（14.5%，18億歐元）• 交通運輸設備，主要是飛機、轎車以及鐵路設備，在2004年貿易總額中為13億歐元，或10.5%。

B) 化學與藥品，超過20億歐元，占歐盟對台出口貿易總額的16%。

C) 製造業產品，約30億歐元，占歐盟對台出口貿易總額的25%。

D) 食品飲料類，約5億歐元，占對台貿易總額的5%。


II. Investment flows and stocks2.1 Taiwan’s Foreign Direct Investment in the EU: room for much more

Taiwan is the 16th biggest foreign direct investor in the European Union, with a stock of FDI at 2.2 billion Euros at the end of 2002. This corresponds to Taiwan’s economy world ranking and is roughly comparable with FDI stocks from Korea (2.8 billion Euros) or Brazil (2.1 billion Euros). (Eurostat)

However, this only represents 0.2% of the total stock of FDI in the EU and lags far behind Singapore or Hong Kong, both with around 15 billion Euros. This is clear evidence that the EU is still underexploited by the Taiwanese businesses as a place for good investment opportunities.

Taiwanese direct investment in the new EU Member States is mainly in manufacturing in the electronics and consumer products sectors, but also in research and development centres. In other European countries, it is mainly in R&D centres, logistics and trade-related facilities. Taiwanese FDI is already very significant in some EU countries, such as the Czech Republic where the biggest Taiwanese company there is one of the largest Czech exporters.


2. 年度新增投資及累計投資總額

2.1 台灣對歐盟的海外直接投資：仍大有成長空間

台灣為歐盟第十六大海外直接投資者，在2002年底，累計的投資金額達22億歐元，這與台灣的在全球的貿易額排名相符，並大致與韓國 (28億歐元)或巴西(21億歐元) 在歐盟的投資金額相當(歐盟統計局)。

然而，此金額只佔了歐盟外資總額的0.2%，遠遠落後於新加坡以及香港，此兩地的投資金額達150億歐元。由此可以看出台灣企業還沒有好好把握在歐盟各地的投資機會。

台灣在歐盟新會員國的投資主要集中於電子與消費性商品的製造、研發中心，而在其他歐洲國家，則以研發中心、物流和其他貿易相關設備等為主。對某些歐盟地區來說，台灣已成為重要的外資來源，例如在捷克，最具規模的台灣企業也是該國最大的出口商之一。


Main EU recipients of Taiwanese FDI接受台灣投資的主要國家Taiwan MOEA statistics, FDI stock in million USD, end 2004根據台灣經濟部的統計資料，至2004年底止，投資累計金額以百萬美元計

Country Taiwan FDI stockCzech Republic 870United Kingdom 483Italy 300Netherlands 196Germany 130Hungary 90Finland 83

From a Taiwanese perspective, FDI in the EU represents around 1.5% of its total outward stock of FDI. This is about one fourth of the amount invested in the US, and a very small fraction of FDI in Asia, including China. There is less Taiwanese investment in Europe than in Africa, but about twice as much as in Japan. (Taiwan MOEA statistics)

The evolution over time of Taiwanese FDI in the EU is difficult to trace due to the small amounts, and very dependent on a few large individual projects. From 1999 to 2003, the FDI flows towards the EU have been quite unstable, with a large disinvestment in 2003, and Taiwan’s ranking among East Asian investors in the EU has also been moving a lot. (Eurostat) According to Taiwanese statistics, though, Taiwanese investment in the EU picked up again in 2004 and even more so in 2005 with almost 300 million USD in new investments.


Taiwan Outward FDI by Main Destination

China50%

Others16%

Indonesia8%

Thailand7%

Malaysia6%

Singapore2%

Hong Kong1%

US5%

Vietnam4%

EU251%

從台灣的角度來看，對歐盟的投資佔了台灣對外投資總額的1.5%，也是對美投資金額的四分之一，但若拿對亞洲各國包括中國的投資金額相較，此數據所佔的比例卻是微小。台灣在歐洲的投資額不達對非洲的投資額，但卻是對日本的兩倍(台灣經濟部統計資料)。

台灣在歐盟的投資演變情況並不容易掌握，原因之一是數量不大，再則是因取決於一些少數的大型投資個案。在1999年到2003年期間，對歐盟的投資金額數量並不穩定，2003年甚至出現大幅減資。因此，在與東亞各投資者相較之下，台灣的排名也時起時落(歐盟統計局)。然而，根據台灣方面的統計數據，台灣對歐盟的投資額在2004年回升，2005年的新增投資額甚至增加到近三億美元。


EU FDI inflows from Taiwan and ranking among East Asian investors台灣在歐盟的海外直接投資金額相較於東亞各投資者之排名

Eurostat, million Euros 歐盟統計局統計資料, 以百萬歐元計

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

FDI flows 213 731 47 729 -237Ranking 4 3 7 4 9

2.2 EU Foreign Direct Investment in Taiwan: a significant player

The European Union’s stock of FDI in Taiwan represented 6.27 billion Euros at the end of 2002, accounting for around 0.3% of the total EU stock of outward FDI. This is larger than EU investment in India (5.4 billion), roughly equivalent to investment in Thailand or Malaysia, about half of the EU’s FDI in Korea and 8% of the EU’s FDI in China, including Hong Kong. EU FDI stocks in Taiwan amount to 4% of the total EU FDI in East Asia. (Eurostat)

Historically, the EU’s FDI in Taiwan started to develop significantly at the end of the 1990s, with two peaks in 2000 and 2004. These investments are concentrated in the sectors of retail, electronics and semiconductors, transport and power generation.

According to Eurostat, the EU FDI in Taiwan was the second most profitable in Asia after Indonesia over the 1999-2003 period, with an average annual rate of return of 19% - about 10 percentage points more than China and 8 points more than Korea.

The EU is the third foreign investor in Taiwan, with about 17% of FDI stock, behind the US (22%) and Japan (20%). In terms of flows, year 2004 was very strong, as the EU became the largest foreign investor with almost 1 billion USD of new investment flows. European investors returned to their traditional 3rd ranking in 2005 with a flow of new FDI reaching 677 million

貿易及投資概況 3�歐盟 – 台灣

USD, behind the US (799 million) and Japan (723 million). This represents 16% of the FDI inflows into Taiwan in 2005. (Taiwanese statistics)

FDI Flows between Taiwan and the EUMEUROS - source : Eurostat

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

EU to Taiwan Taiwan to EU

More information: Eurostat, “European Union foreign direct investment yearbook 2005”, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu


2.2 歐盟在台灣的海外直接投資：重要的外資來源

至2002年底止，歐盟在台灣的海外直接投資累計金額達62.7億歐元，佔歐盟對外投資總額的0.3%。這個數字大於歐盟在印度的投資額(54億)，與在泰國或馬來西亞的投資額相當，佔對韓投資額的一半，對在中國含香港投資額的8%。歐盟對台的投資累計金額佔東亞總投資金額的4%(歐盟統計局)。

自1990年代末期起，歐盟對台的海外直接投資金額開始呈現大幅成長，並在2000年以及2004年出現兩次高峰。這些投資主要集中在零售、電子、半導體、交通、發電等產業。

根據歐盟統計局的資料顯示，在1999年到2003年期間，歐盟對台的投資在亞洲獲利率排名第二，僅次於印尼。年平均報酬率為19%，高於中國10個百分點，也高於韓國8個百分點。

歐盟為台灣第三大外資來源，佔台灣整體外資累計額的17%，排在美國(22%)及日本(20%)之後。以新增投資來說，2004年歐盟為台灣最大的外資投資者，投資金額達十億美元。但在2005年，歐盟對台的新增投資額回歸到以往名列第三的紀錄，總額達6億7千7百萬美元，次於美國(7億9千9百萬元)及日本(7億2千3百萬元)。歐盟2005年對台的投資額佔注入台灣的海外投資總額的16%。(根據台灣的統計資料)

欲知更多相關資訊，可參閱歐盟統計局的「2005年歐盟海外直接投資統計年鑑」http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu


III. European presence in Taiwan and people-to-people exchanges3.1 A stabilized community presence

Up to 10.000 Europeans are estimated to live in Taiwan. The community of European nationals has been growing steadily over the past ten to twenty years, and even more so in the recent period.

The Taipei European School testifies to this evolution: from 60 students in 1990, it grew to 400 five years ago, and now teaches almost 1000 students, with a stable proportion of 45% European nationals among them.

The European Chamber of Commerce Taipei (ECCT) continued its growth in 2005 and now consists of 570 individual members (up from 500 a year earlier) and 350 corporate members.

Sixteen Member States of the European Union have unofficial offices in Taipei and the European Commission is also present with the European Economic and Trade Office.

3.2 Continued growth in visitors exchanges

A record-breaking 298.000 visas were issued by EU countries to Taiwanese people in 2005. This is 10% more than in 2004 and is the highest annual number of Taiwanese visitors to the EU in history.

This is still a relatively small proportion of the more than 8 million Taiwanese who travelled overseas in 2005, including about half of them to


China, more than 1 million to Japan and nearly 600.000 to the USA. This brings the EU’s “market share” to around 3.5% of overseas visits, or 7% excluding China.On the positive side, the European destination was more popular in 2005 than Thailand, Vietnam or Indonesia, all of which were ahead of the EU in 2004. Travellers to Europe grew by around 10% as compared to 2004, which is twice as much as the growth rate of total outbound departures.

Around 172.000 European visitors came to Taiwan in 2005, up from 164.000 in 2004, or +4.5%, according to the Taiwan Tourism Bureau. 60% of them, or 100.000, were on a business trip, while 15%, or 26.000, were tourists and 11%, or 19.000, visited relatives. Over the same period, 390.000 US citizens visited Taiwan, with about 140.000 on a business trip, 130.000 visiting relatives and 78.000 tourists. (Statistics: Taiwan Tourism Bureau)

Total Visas Issued by the EU

150000

170000

190000

210000

230000

250000

270000

290000

310000

Total 216323 234040 240406 266428 251366 259007 209770 270928 298012

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

貿易及投資概況 3�歐盟 – 台灣

3. 在台灣的歐洲公民與民間交流

3.1 穩定的居住人口數

居住在台灣的歐籍人士估計約有一萬人。在過去10年到20年間，歐籍人士的數目穩定成長，近幾年的增加幅度更為顯著。

台北歐洲學校可以見證這個趨勢：從1990年的60名學生，成長到5年前的400名，目前該校的學生人數已達到1000人，其中歐洲籍學生的數目一直呈穩定的比例，約為45%。

台北歐洲商務協會在2005年也擴大了規模，目前有超過570名個人會員(前一年度為500名)及350名企業會員。

在台北設有非正式辦事處的歐盟會員國共有十六國，歐洲執委會也在台設立歐洲經貿辦事處。

3.2 雙邊的觀光人數持續成長

在2005年，歐盟國家共核發了29萬8千件簽證給台灣旅客，打破了以往的紀錄。跟2004年比較，成長了10%，同時也創下台灣旅客人數赴歐洲地區旅遊的歷史新高。

2005年有8百多萬名的台灣旅客赴海外旅遊，其中幾乎一半是前往中國大陸，赴日人數也有1百多萬人，赴美人數接近60萬


人，因此，到歐洲地區的人數相對來說所佔的比例較低。以海外旅遊的市場佔有率來說，歐盟只佔有3.5%，如果不包括中國，佔有率則為7%。

好消息是2005年赴歐的台灣遊客要比赴泰國、越南以及印尼來的多，這些地區在2004年都勝過歐盟。與2004年比較，赴歐洲地區的人數成長了10%左右，也是赴海外旅遊總人次成長率的兩倍。

根據台灣交通部觀光局的資料顯示，2005年有17萬2千名的歐籍人士來到台灣，與2004年的16萬4千名比較，成長了4.5%。其中60%，即10萬人次是以商務名義赴台，以觀光名義赴台的佔了15%，即2萬6千名，以探親名義赴台的佔11%，即1萬9千名。同期赴台的美國人民共有39萬人，其中14萬人來台處理商務，13萬人來台探親，7萬8千人來台旅遊(統計資料：台灣交通部觀

光局)

3.3 Studies in the EU: a powerful trend

The number of visas issues by EU countries to Taiwanese students broke a new record in 2005, after 15 years of continuous growth. More than 11.600 student visas were issued, meaning more than 20.000 Taiwanese are studying at the moment in the EU, as students spend more than one year in foreign universities on average. In 2005, 80% of the new students to the EU went to the United Kingdom, but all EU destinations are growing, including the new Member States.

Studies in the EU now account for one third of all studies abroad undertaken by Taiwanese youngsters, and the EU is, over the long run, becoming as attractive as the US for them. On top of the promotion efforts conducted by Member States individually or collectively with the annual European


Taiwanese Student Visas

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

US CANADA AUSTRALIANEW ZEALAND JAPAN EU

Higher Education Fair, the growing community of former students in the EU now plays an important part in promoting European universities and proving that the high quality studies provided in the EU prepare for the highest positions in all walks of life in Taiwan.

Apart from the diversified offers from EU Member States to Taiwanese students, the European Commission now has an EU-wide programme of scholarships for masters degrees called “Erasmus Mundus”. As a result of a world-wide competition, 5 Taiwanese students were selected to benefit from this grant in 2005, and another 13 in 2006.More information about studies in Europe and the Erasmus Mundus programme: www.deltwn.ec.europa.eu


3.3 留學歐洲：一股強勁的趨勢

在連續15年的持續成長後，2005年歐盟國家核發給台灣留學生的簽證總數又創下了歷史新高，共核發了1萬1千6百多份的學生簽證。平均而言，一般學生會在國外大學就讀至少一年以上的時間，所以估計目前應有2萬多名的台灣學生正在歐盟留學。2005年新的留學生中，有80%前往英國就讀，而選擇前往其他歐盟各國，包括東歐在內的各會員國，留學生的人數也持續成長。

目前台灣赴海外留學的學生有三分之一選擇歐盟地區。長期經營下來，歐盟對留學生的吸引力已經和美國並駕齊驅。除了各會員國單獨安排招生事宜或聯合參與歐洲高等教育展外，日益增多的留歐返台學人也在宣傳歐洲各大學上扮演了很重要的角色，歐盟地區高品質的教學可協助學員日後在各類職業生涯上做好準備。

除了歐盟各會員國提供給台灣留學生各種多樣化的就學機會及獎學金之外，歐洲執委會也有 « Erasmus Mundus歐盟碩士課程及獎學金 » 計劃。在與來自全球其它國家的申請人競爭下，台灣學生在2005年有5位、2006年則有13位榮獲此獎學金。

更多留學歐洲(包括Erasmus Mundus歐盟碩士課程及獎學金)訊息，請至歐洲經貿辦事處網站www.deltwn.ec.europa.eu 查詢


2005 Visas

Germany20,5%

UK12,0%

Finland0,3%

Ireland0,4%

Belgium0,7%

Sweden0,8%Netherlands

3,7%

Poland1,3%

Denmark1,8%

Hungary3,9%

Czech8,6%

Austria10,0%

Italy11,9%

France20,8%

Spain3,1%

To learn more about the European Economic and Trade Office, visit our website at

更多歐洲經貿辦事處相關資訊請參觀

http://www.deltwn.ec.europa.eu

Europa The European Union's Website

歐盟網站

http://europa.eu

歐洲經貿辦事處 European Economic and Trade Office臺北市105民生東路三段109號15樓A室

Suite A, 15F, N. 109, Minsheng East Road, Sec. 3 TaipeiTel: +886-2-2715-0365 . Fax: +886-2-2715-0006 . Email: [email protected] . Website: http://www.deltwn.ec.europa.eu

Documents

EU - Taiwan 歐盟-台灣...Trade and Investment Factfile 2006 EU – TAIWAN I. Trade relations In 2005, Taiwan was the EU’s • 9th supplier in merchandise trade • 23rd client