Ethnolinguistic Groups Presentatio

8/4/2019 Ethnolinguistic Groups Presentatio

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ETHNOLINGUISTICGROUPS

IN THE

PHILIPPINES

Presentation by

Kareen Gancio


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Tonight we will

Identify and briefly describe the

different ethnolinguistic groups in thePhilippines

Present some current issuesconcerning these groups


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ethnicity

Ethnic Groups

Group distinguished by cultural similarities(shared among members of that group) and

differences (between that group and others); ethnicgroup members share beliefs, values,habits, customs, and norms, and a

common language, religion, history,geography, kinship, and/or race.

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072500506/student_view0/glossary.html
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Ethnicity vs. Nationality

nationalitycan be termed as alegal concept

ethnicitycan be termed as a

cultural concepthttp://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/politics/difference-between-ethnicity-and-nationality/
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Ethnic Groups in thePhilippines

Tri-people:INDIGENOUS PEOPLES/ETHNIC MINORITIES AND POVERTY

REDUCTION PHILIPPINES, 2002 Report

Christians

Muslims

Tribal groups
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I. Lowland ChristiansSettlersWhoseancestorsarelowlandindigenous peoplewho

convertedtoChristianity
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SpeaksMalayo-polynesian languages

The speakers of this language family are

thought to have originated in southernChina (the Yellow River valleys)andmigrated via Taiwan into theislands of the Philippines (about2500BC), Indonesia and out into the Pacific(about 1000BC).

I. Lowland ChristiansSettlers
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languagewas the main point of

internal differentiation, but themajority interacted and intermarried regularlyacross linguistic lines

http://countrystudies.us/philippines/35.htm

I. Lowland ChristiansSettlers
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CIA World Factbook(2000 census)

Tagalog 28.1%

Cebuano 13.1%

Ilocano 9% Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%

Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%

Bikol 6% Waray 3.4%

other 25.3%https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
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has over a 170 languages and

4 that have no knownremaining speakers

http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/people/languages/
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II.Lowland Muslim settlers (Moros)

Islam

Concentrated in the Mindanao areaThere are at least 13 Islamized

ethnolinguistic groups indigenous to

Mindanao (Moro Nation)
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13 groups are:

1) Maranaw

2) Maguindanao

3) Tausug

4) Yakan

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5) Samal

6) Sangil

7) Molbog

8) Kalibugan

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9) Kalagan

10) Palawani

11) Iranun

12) Jama Mapun13) Badjao

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Only 5 provinces and one city remainMuslim enclaves Sulu

Tawi-Tawi

Basilan

Lanao del Sur

Maguindanao Marawi City



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ARMM was created in 1989 by virtueof The Organic Act for theAutonomous Region in Muslim

Mindanao (RA 6734).

RA 9054 amended RA 6734 in 2001.The amended law expanded ARMM'sarea of autonomy. In a plebiscite,Basilan and Marawi City (in Lanao del

Sur) opted to join ARMM.

ARMM
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ARMM powers and basic principles

a) As stated in RA 9054, ARMM"shall remain an integral andinseparable part of the

national territory of theRepublic".

ARMM


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b) The President exercisesgeneral supervision over theRegional Governor.

ARMM
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c)The Regional Governmenthas the power to create its ownsources of revenues and to levy taxes,

fees, and charges, subject toConstitutional provisionsand the provisions of RA

9054.

ARMM
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d) The Shari ah applies only toMuslims; its applications arelimited by pertinent

constitutional provisions(prohibition against cruel andunusual punishment).

http://www.gmanews.tv/story/112847/ARMM-history-and-organization

ARMM
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III. Indigenous Group

2 significant characteristics ofindigenous peoples are observed (ADB2002 Poverty Reduction Report):
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1) descent from population groups present in a

given area, most often beforemodern states orterritories were created andbefore modern borders were defined
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2) maintenance of cultural identities; and socialeconomic, cultural, and political institutions

separate from mainstreamor dominant societies and cultures
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ADBs working definition

those with a social or culturalidentity distinct from thedominant or mainstreamsociety, which makes them vulnerable to

being disadvantaged in theprocesses of development.

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IPRA Indigenous People

Republic Act 1997, RA No.8371

AN ACT TO RECOGNIZE, PROTECT AND PROMOTETHE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL

COMMUNITIES/INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, CREATING ANATIONAL COMMISSION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE,

ESTABLISHING IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS,

APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOROTHER PURPOSES.
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INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

A group ofpeople or homogeneous societiesidentified by self-ascription and ascription byothers, who have continuously lived asorganized community on communally

bounded and defined territory, and who have,under claims of ownership since timeimmemorial, occupied, possessed andutilized such territories, sharing commonbonds of language, customs, traditions andother distinctive cultural traits, or who have,through resistance to political, social andcultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, become

historically differentiated from the majority
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ICCs/IPs [indigenous culturalcommunities/indigenous peoples] shall likewiseinclude peoples who are regarded asindigenous on account of their descentfrom the populations which inhabited thecountry, at the time of conquest orcolonization, or at the time of inroads ofnonindigenous religions and cultures, orthe establishment of present state

boundaries, who retain some or all of theirown social, economic, cultural and politicalinstitutions, but who may have beendisplaced from their traditional domains or

who may have resettled outside their
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Historical continuity occupation of ancestral lands/domains (or at

least part of them)

common ancestry with the original occupantsof these lands

culture in general, or specific manifestationsof it

language and residence whether in theirlands of origin or evicted from it
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Self-identification & Group membership

weaved by the peoples attachment to landand territory
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distribution (NCIP population estimatein 1998):

Mindanao 61%

Luzon 33%

Visayas 6%

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Indigenous_Peoples/PHI/



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7 ethnographic areas (set by IPRA)

1. Region 1 and CAR

2. Region 2

3. The rest of Luzon (R3, part of R4, & R5)4. Island groups (part of R4, R6, 7, & 8)

5. Northern and Western Mindanao(R9[Zamboanga Peninsula] & R10 [Northern

Mindanao]6. Southern and Eastern Mindanao (R11 [Davao

Region] & R13 [Caraga]

7. Central Mindanao (R12 [SOCCSKSARGEN])

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Common subsistence

swiddenandwet-rice

cultivation, hunting,fishing, gathering,andthetrade oflocallymanufactured items

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59/77

WHO ARE THE

POOR?


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being unable to invite a

wide circle of relatives andclan members to a feast, sidaor pedit.


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being unable to invite a

wide circle of relatives andclan members to a feast, sidaor pedit.

Kankanaeys in Cordillera
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we are poor only

because others say we arepoor.


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we are poor only

because others say we arepoor.

Higaonon in Bukidnon
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The nearest terms akin to poverty are:

Agkapulog - they do not have money to buycertain things they need, but this conditiondoes not necessarily indicate that food is scarce

tingauhol - seasonal hunger. Although food islimited during this period, the situation is

temporary and can be mitigatedc)

kalugan - person in a state of difficulty:while walking through a steep and narrowterrain, when food is scarce, when aconflict is unresolved, or when violence is

experienced
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kaubong-ubongone who is practically without any

living area and who does not attendto his/her physical appearance (e.g.,does not take a bath). Individuals aresaid to be in this state because theyreside in the interior areas and donot participate in communityactivities
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kaubong-ubongone who is practically without any

living area and who does not attendto his/her physical appearance (e.g.,does not take a bath). Individuals aresaid to be in this state because theyreside in the interior areas and donot participate in communityactivities
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they are not poor, but are living indifficult circumstances brought

about specifically by loss of landand access to resource
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they are not poor, but are living indifficult circumstances brought

about specifically by loss of landand access to resource

Lumads

(generally)
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poor = squatters who haveno land

Lumads

(generally)


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POLITICAL

INSTITUTIONS


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Recognized in the area are two main Datusand others who comprise the Council of

Elders. The Datus have specialized skillsrecognized and respected by the community.Collectively, they take charge of

ceremonial functions, conflict

resolution, and healing functions.In effect, they make the major decisionsconcerning the community.

(The Higaonon)
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the Datu is the center ofgovernanceand conflict resolution. Common issuesare murder, adultery, theft, and unpaiddebts.

(Ata-Manobo community in Davao)
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The Datu should have goodness andstrength of character, be helpful to

the community in development plansand services, generate respect andtrust from the group, and look after

the peace in the community.


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The Datus power is inherited butthere is also a selection process toidentify an individual worthy of the

position among offspring and closerelatives. The Bae or wife of theDatu is also respected and has

important leadership functions.


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Most Common Issues

1)Economic

2)Cultural


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Tonight we

Identified and briefly described thedifferent ethnolinguistic groups in the

Philippines
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Tonight we

Identified and briefly described thedifferent ethnolinguistic groups in the

Philippines

Presented some current issuesconcerning these groups