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Ethnobotany. Lecture 28
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
April 8, 2013
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 28 April 8, 2013 1 / 41
Outline
1 PharmacognosyPlant remedies for cardiovascular systemPlant remedies for respiratory system
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
PharmacognosyPlant remedies for cardiovascular
system
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Heart problems (arrhythmic conditions, failure etc.)
Plants with cardiac glycosidesIn addition, lily of valley (Convallaria majalis with convallatoxin)and motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca with specific essential oils)
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, Plantaginaceae, Europe
Digitalis purpureae foliumContain digoxin and other cardiac glycosidesIncrease the heart muscle contractility and reduces conductivityinside a atrioventricular node
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Foxglove
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Digoxin
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Hawthorn, Crataegus spp., Rosaceae, Northhemisphere
Crataegi folium/floresThe mixture of cyanide glycosides and flavonoidsBlocks repolarizing potassium current in ventricular muscle andprolongs its activity
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 28 April 8, 2013 8 / 41
Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Lily of valley, Convallaria majalis
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Convallatoxin
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Common motherwort, Leonurus cardiaca
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Venous insufficiency problems
Hemorrhoids, varicose veinsAntioxidants are normally used as remedies
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillis, Ericaceae, Eurasia
Myrtilli fructusAnthocyanosides have vascular spasmolytic effects
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Bilberry
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Butcher’s broom, Ruscus aculeatus, Asparagaceae,Eurasia
Rusci rhizomaSaponin glycosides, inculding ruscine have been shown toproduce positive effects to lipid profiles
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Ruscus
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Horse chestnut, Aesculus spp., Sapindaceae, Northhemisphere
Seeds contant mixture of saponin flavonoids, e.g., aescinHave multiple membrane-related effects: anti-edema, thrombolyticetc.
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Horse chestnut
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Aescin
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Atherosclerosis
Drugs should decrease platelet formation and risks of thrombosisand atherosclerosisAspirin (modified salicilyc acid from willows, Salix is the main drug)
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for cardiovascular system
Garlic, Allium sativum, Alliaceae, Eurasia
Allii sativi bulbiSulphuric compounds like allicin and ajoene inhibit sythesis ofLDL (low density lipoprotein)
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
PharmacognosyPlant remedies for respiratory system
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Bronchitis and nasal congestion
Overproduction of mucus, the effect similar to edemaSynthetic analogs of adrenalin (oxymetazolin etc.) are normallyused
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Ephedra, ma huang, Ephedra spp., Ephedraceae,wordwide
Old component of TCMEphedrine alkaloid has multiple effects (stimulation of CNS,decongestion etc.)Theophylline from tea and cocoa may be used for the samepurposes
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Ephedra
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Ephedrine
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Asthmatic conditions
Inhalations have a positive, broncholytic effectEssential oils and camphor are common component of inhalations
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Myrtaceae, Australia
Eucalypti aetheroleum1,8-cineole is a major componentHas multiple effects like antiseptic and antispasmodic
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Eucalyptus
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Allergy
Mostly due to the activation of histamin receptorsSynthetic drugs (like cetirizine etc.) have multiple side effects
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Khella, Ammi visnaga, Umbelliferae, Mediterranean
Active compounds are coumarins like khellinHave vasodilating effects, blocks calcium membrane channels
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Khella
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Butterbur, Petasites hybridus, Compositae, Eurasia
Sesquiterpene lactones (eremophinolides like petasin)Traditionally used as anti-asthmatic and against migraine, but hasstrong anti-histamin effect
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Butterbur
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Mucolytics
Have a softening effect for coughReduce viscosity of mucus
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Sage, Salvia officinalis, Labiatae, Eurasia
Salviae foliumContains essential oil thujoneIn addition, has a memory-stimulating and antimicrobial effects
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Senega, Polygala senega, Polygalaceae, NorthAmerica
Polygalae radixTriterpenoid saponins: seneginMucolytic and antiseptic effects
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Senega
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
Summary
Heart and vessel system problems are often threatening withglycosidesRespiratory system remedies are essential oils and alkaloids
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Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for respiratory system
For Further Reading
A. Shipunov.Ethnobotany [Electronic resource].2011—onwards.Mode of access:http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_310
M. Heinrich and others.Fundamentals of pharmacognosy amd phytotherapy (selectedchapters). [Electronic resource].Churchhill Livingstone, 2004.Mode of access: http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_310/heinrich2004_fund_pharm_part.djvuPages 199–214.
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