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Southeastern Europe . Ethnic Groups in the Balkans . Yugoslavia. Created in 1920 from remains fromAustro -Hungarian Empire Changed name to Yugoslavia in 1929. Ethnic Groups. Albanians Bosnians Croats Hungarians Montenegrins Serbs Slovenes Macedonians . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ethnic Groups in the Balkans
Southeastern Europe
Yugoslavia
Created in 1920 from remains fromAustro-Hungarian Empire
Changed name to Yugoslavia in 1929
Ethnic Groups
AlbaniansBosniansCroatsHungariansMontenegrinsSerbsSlovenesMacedonians
During WWII invasions and civil wars between ethnic groups led to creating 6 equal republics within Yugoslavia Kosovo, Serbia and
Vojvodina given autonomous status (free from rule of Yugoslavia)
Controlled by communist president Josip Broz Tito Authoritarian rule Some ethnicities
discriminated
Croatia
Tito’s Death and Aftermath Josip Tito,
president of Yugoslavia, dies in 1980.
By the late 80s, a new leader had emerged, Slobodan Milosevic Emerged on a
platform of nationalism and religious hatred
Serbia under Milosevic
1985: Serbia accuses Kosovo of anti-Serb “genocidal” policies
Nationalism of Serbs continues to grow
1990: Milosevic dissolves Kosovo autonomy
Kosovo responds by declaring a republic
Serbs = ChristianAlbanians= Muslim
Croatia Conflict In June 1991: Croatia
and Slovenia declare independence from Yugoslavia
Fascist movement in Croatia and anti-Serb rhetoric leads Serbia to invade with Yugoslav Nat’l Army (JNA)
Serbia Bombed Vukovar for 86 days, after fall of city, begins first mass executions of men
Cease-fire in Croatia
At the end of 1991, the U.S. brokered a cease-fire agreement between Croatia and Serbia
Bosnian Conflict In 1992 U.S. and
international community recognizes independence of Bosnia, Serbia responds by attacking Sarajevo “siege” style
In the countryside Serbs rounded up Bosnians, had mass shootings, forced them to relocate, or put them in concentration camps
Serbian soldiers and men raped thousands of Bosnian women
U.N. Involvement
U.N. responds with sanctions and peacekeeping troops to ensure supplies reach Sarajevo
U.N. ordered not to intervene militarily
“Ethnic Cleansing” Throughout 1993 Serbs
carry out ethnic cleansing of Bosnians, certain that U.N. will not interevene
Radovan Karadzic, Bosnian Serb Republic President ordered and controlled these attacks
Ratko Mladic carried out the siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica massacre