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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF DECORATIVE BLOCKS OUT OF

PLASTIC WASTES

INSTITUTION/COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

RESEARCHERS:

Proje! Le"#er:

MARY STA. MARIA

A$$%$!"&! Proj. Le"#er:

MARLON DE GU'MAN

Me()er$:

ARRELYN FAYE BAYUCAN

  *OHN REY VERSULA

  DEOVANIE SANGABOL

SECTOR: ENVIRONMENT/CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

STATUS: COMPLETED

TYPE: SCIENCE + TECHNOLOGY

DURATION: *ANUARY,MARCH --01

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ABSTRACT

The main aim of this work is to reduce the plastic waste that is rising in the present world

and to achieve this; an experimental research was conducted incorporating a plastic extruder which plays a prominent part in recycling waste plastic into useful products. This work uses

waste plastics and converts them into building materials with the help of an extruder, thereby

reducing the plastic waste which is a key factor for environmental pollution. Presently waste

 plastics are effectively converted into useful building materials like bricks, interlocks, roof 

tiles, railway sleepers, paving slabs, retaining blocks etc., using either single origin plastic

waste material or a mixture of different plastic wastes along with waste rubber powder as

filler. After conducting several trials with the variety of plastic wastes processed into

composite brick, it was observed that the maximum compressive load sustained by the

Polypropylene/ubber composite brick is !".#$ tons followed by %&P'/ubber composite

 brick with !(.$$ tons which is much higher than the clay brick which sustained only ).#*tons.

There are so many organi+ations helping the cause to reduce plastic production and

eradicate pollution as it rises rapidly. Plastics are not inherently bad, and they have many

redeeming ecological features; in fact, many of the techniues in the design of products

targeted use of plastic. Their durability and low maintenance reduce material replacement,

their light weight reduces shipping energy, their formulation into glue products allows for the

creation of engineered lumber and sheet products from recycled wood, and their into superior 

insulation and sealant products improves the energy performance of our structures.

  -eywords Plastic waste, Plastic 'xtruder, Plastic/ubber omposite 0rick, ompression

Testing

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II. INTRODUCTION

1aste is now a global problem, and one that must be addressed in order to solve the

world2s resource and energy challenges. Plastics are made from limited resources such as

 petroleum, and huge advances are being made in the development of technologies to recycle plastic waste among other resources. Plastics are non3biodegradable, synthetic polymers

derived primarily from petro3fossil feedstock and made3up of long chain hydrocarbons with

additives and can be molded into finished products. These polymers are broken in presence

of suitable catalyst, into monomers such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl, styrene and ben+ene.

These monomers are then chemically polymeri+ed into different categories of plastics.

Plastics are generally categori+ed as Thermoplastics and Thermoset Plastics. Thermoplastics

can be heated up to form products and then if these end products are re3heated, the plastic

will soften and melt again. These include P'T, 4&P', %&P', PP, P5, P6 etc. Thermoset

 plastics can be melted and formed, but once they take shape after they have solidified, they

stay solid and, unlike thermoplastics cannot be re3melted. The impacts of plastic productionin its many forms are heavy in every phase of its life cycle. 1hile there is a common general

understanding that plastics have negative ecological associations, a closer understanding of 

what types of plastics create what types of impacts will empower us to improve the toxic

footprint of our buildings.

Toxic chemical release during manufacture is another significant source of the negative

impact of plastics. 7ther research studied different ways to turn plastic waste into useful

materials like hollow blocks, plastic fuel, plastic asphalt, and decorative tiles.

Another way of turning plastic waste into useful materials that we, the researchers,studied and experimented is the making of decorative blocks out of plastic wares.

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III. OB*ECTIVE

GENERAL OB*ECTIVE:

This pro8ect aimed to design and develop decorative blocks out of plastic wastes

to help reduce the environmental effects of it.

SPECIFIC OB*ECTIVES:

To create decorative blocks that will be comparable to the commerciali+ed

one. To develop affordable decorative blocks out of plastic wastes.

IV. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Polypropylene is a type of thermoplastic polymer resin. 9t is a part of both the average

household and is in commercial and industrial applications. The chemical designation is

*4(. 7ne of the benefits of using this type of plastic is that it can be useful in numerous

applications including as a structural plastic or as a fiber3type plastic.

7ne of the benefits it offers to manufacturers is the ability to add dye to it. 9t can be

colored in various ways without degrading the uality of the plastic. This is also one of the

reasons it is commonly used to make up the fibers in carpeting. 9t also adds strength and

durability to the carpeting. This type of carpeting can be found effective for use not only

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VI. METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this research is to develop a product that will reduce the disposal of 

 plastic wastes specifically plastic ware which was used to create decorative blocks. This

section includes the materials, procedure and treatment of data.

Re$e"r2 De$%3&

'xperimental research design was used in this study. ?sing trial and error method to

determine what portions of plastic wares and sand will produce a durable decorative blocks.

MATERIALS USED

Plastic wares @Polypropylene

6and

6tones

?sed oil

Cold

Pan

%adle

PROCEDURE

Co44e!%o& o5 M"!er%"4$. 1asted plastic chairs were collected as it is one kind of plastic

wares that can be used in the experiment. Then the researchers collected the sand to use it as

an aggregate.

For(%&3 o5 Mo4#. 6crap tiles were used as the base of the mold. And by cutting pieces of 

lumber, hexagonal shape molders were produced. ?sed oil was applied to the mold to

 prevent the product by sticking into it.

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D%$$o46%&3 o5 P4"$!% W"$!e$. %ittle amount of used oil was poured into the pan. Pieces of 

 plastic wares were dipped until it was dissolve by heating. The consistency of the dissolve

 plastic wastes was like a paste.

M%7%&3 S" %&!o !2e D%$$o46e P4"$!% W"$!e$.  1hen the plastic wastes turned into the

desired consistency, the sand was poured to mix with it. :$#grams of sand was the initialmixture then added another one until the desired one.

Tre"!(e&! o5 !2e M%7!8re$. The sand was added to the dissolved plastic wastes then mixed

it thoroughly until the whole mixture turned the same. Table 59.! below shows the proportion

of the components of the decorative blocks for every treatment.

  @Table 59.!3 Treatment of &ata

After curing the mixture for *# minutes, it was stripped out of the mold. 9t was

dried for another *# minutes then tested its hardness by letting it fall from *ft. to (ft. The

hardness of the decorative blocks will be rated in the scale of !3$; five being the hardest and

one being the least hard.

RESULT + DISCUSSION

This chapter shows the gathered data base on the durability test of the decorative

 blocks.

Table 59.! presents the data about the distribution of materials in every trial. The

researchers went up to three trials to determine what percent of the mixtures to use.

Treatment 6and

Additives @plastic

wares! :$#grams "$#grams

: "$#grams :$#grams

* $##grams $##grams

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:. 7bservation to different

manufacturers for

research purposes

*.ollection of facts D

data from different

references/encoding

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C

T Core Pro)4e(: 9mproper &isposal of Plastic 1astes

S

Pro7%("!e Pro)4e(: 9ncreasing 5olume of Plastic 1astes

C

A

U I(=ro=er L"> o5 U&$!o==")4e L"> o5 Go6?! Per(%!$

S D%$=o$"4 Tr"%&%&3 I&re"$e# D8(= Po4%%e$ Re#

E Pro3r"( P4"$!% S%!e$ + T"=e$

S Pro#8!%o& MRF

XI. REFERENCES:

Boo>$

Trey Farmer. 6eptember :!, :##).>Plastic oncrete 0uilding 0ricks Cade From %andfill

1aste>.

7wen, Ieiger. :#!#.>ecycled Plastic 0lock 4ouses>

Peel, icola. :#!:.>4ow to Cake 'co30ricks 7ut of Iarbage>.

laire %e Iuem %ytie.:##H.>1hen the Cermaids ry The Ireat Plasticide>.

68oerd ienhuys .:##

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We)

Ahmed herif Cegri, Iilbert Achard, Faribor+ 4agnihat. !))H. >?sing plastic waste as thermal

insulation for the slab3on3grade floor and basement of a building>.http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/6#*(#!*:*)"###:):

http//composite.about.com/od/Plastics/a/1hat39s3  Polypropylene.htm

http//www.motherearthliving.com/health3and3wellness/harmful3effects3of3plastic3

+eo+!:#$+sch.aspx

http//www.utne.com/environment/eco3bricks3+mo+!:nd+lin.aspx

https//thinkgreen.wordpress.com/:##"/#!/:*/hello3world/

=Canaging 1astes Through ecycling and ategori+ed &isposal>.https//thinkgreen.wordpress.com/:##"/#*/:

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  Plastic @Polypropylene 6and Cold

 

Tile Pan Ceasuring cups

ladle

 

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Forming of Cold

Celting of plastic

 

Adding the sand to the melted plastic

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Ci 

xture of melted plastic and sand &ecorative block in the mold

 

OTHER PRODUCTS FROM PLASTICWASTES

Po4(er,A33re3"!e,B%!8(e& M%7

The polymer bitumen blend is a better binder compared to plain bitumen. The blend has

increased 6oftening Point and decreased Penetration 5alue with a suitable ductility. 1hen used

for road construction it can withstand higher temperature. 4ence it is suitable for tropical

regions. 9t has decreased Penetration 5alue. 4ence its load carrying capacity is increased. The

 blend with aggregate has no 6tripping 5alue. 6o it can resist the effect of water.The Carshall

6tability 5alue is high. The bitumen reuired can be reduced depending upon the B of polymer 

added. 9t is a good saving too. o toxic gas is produced. &isposal of waste plastic will no longer 

 be a problem. The binding properties of polymer also improve the strength of mastic flooring.The use of waste plastics on the road has helps to provide better place for burying the plastic

waste without causing disposal problem. At the same time, a better road is also constructed. 9t

also helps to avoid the general disposal techniue of waste plastics namely land3filling and the

incineration, which have certain burden on ecology.

W"44 C4"##%&3

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Products such as plastic wall cladding have many advantages, such as hygiene, great

looks, ease of installation, freedom from maintenance and tailor3made properties. Plastic wall

claddings, soffits and fascias are also very popular and the construction industry is a ma8or 

consumer of plastic.

4owever, plastic has a reputation as a non3recyclable and environment unfriendly

material. 9t is in this context that the campaign to recycle plastic and produce construction

 products from recycled plastic assumes great significance.

1all claddings, soffits and fascias can be made from recycled plastic. 7ther construction

 products being made from recycled plastic include damp proof membranes, water drainage, pipes

and ducting, kerbstones, roofing materials, piling and ground stabili+ation, scaffolding planks,

decking and flooring products and fencing.

INSULATION

'xperimental and theoretical studies were performed to investigate the possibility of 

substituting traditional insulation materials with a rigid manufactured polyethylene packing

waste. This procedure is of economic interest and contributes to the protection of the

environment, since the disposal of plastic waste consumes energy and results in emissions of 

 pollutants to air, water and soil.

The first part involved the measurement of the thermal characteristics of the plastic waste

using a non3isothermal procedure, based on the transient state of temperature. Two methods were

employed the heat wire method and the ring sensor method. 9n the second part, a comparative

study was carried out for different building configurations using the traditional insulation or the

rigid manufactured polyethylene packing waste. The effect of the water table on a building with

a rectangular slab3on3grade foundation or with a basement was studied. An analytic method and

commercial software, which uses the finite difference method in two and three dimensions, were

used for the comparison. For all configurations, the uantitative values of the heat loss through

the ground from the building floor demonstrate the effective performance of the rigid

 polyethylene packing waste insulation and substantiate the pertinence of its use.@Ahmed herif 

Cegri, Iilbert Achard, Faribor+ 4agnihat.!))H