Ethics and Making- Hugh Leonard

8/9/2019 Ethics and Making- Hugh Leonard

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Leonard Training and Consulting. All Rights Reserved Leonard Training and Consulting. All Rights Reserved 11


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ObjectivesObjectives1. Definitions

1. Why Study Ethics? Goal Setting.2. Definitions of key terms

3. Steps in Ethical Decision-Making4. Becoming an Ethically Mature Person5. The Cultural Context of Ethics The Possibility of Global Standards6. Why Individuals and Communities need Ethics.7. Why Ethics is Complex

2. Case Study #1 A Personal Ethical Dilemma

1. John Smith, his Father, Napster and You

2. Individual Responses

3. Group Responses and Reports

3. Case Study #2 Business Ethics and Success1. The Leader s Ethical Compass

2. Lockheed s Kochian and Premier Tanaka

3. Individual Responses

4. Group Responses and Reports

4. Cases and Applications1. Brainstorm Cases involving Ethics Individual and Corporate

5. Action Items1. Learning s from each of the modules

2. Applications and Action Plan

3. Closure


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Why Study Ethics? Brainstorm Exercise

1. Ethics and You?

1. How might Ethics help you______________________________________?2. How might Ethics hinder you____________________________________?3. What Motivates you to study ethics_______________________________?

2. Ethics and Other People?

1. Why do people need Ethics_____________________________________?

2. What is a difficulty with ethical diversity__________________________?3. Name a recent public breach of ethics _____________________________

3. Ethics in Society?

1. Comment on the Status of Ethics Now____________________________?

2. What hinders Ethical Behaviors_________________________________?

3. What promotes Ethical Behaviors _______________________________?

4. Goal Setting for Session

____________________________________________________________


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Definitions

Ethics refers to theapplicationof moral principles

to behaviors or actionsso that they might bedefinedas correct, good andproperor not correct ,bad and improper .


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Decision-MakingWise Decisions

1. Addresses the right problem

2. Clarifies the real objectives (the desired results)

3. Develops a range of alternatives

4. Considers the consequences (of each action)

5. Assesses impact on others

6. Makes tradeoffs among conflicting objectives7. Deals sensibly with uncertainties

8. Takes account of one s risk-taking attitude (tolerance)

9. Plans ahead for decisions linked over time Adapted from Hammond., John S. & Keeney., Ralph L. Management Decision-Sciences

What are the links between Ethics and Decisions??


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Steps in Ethical Decision-Making

1. Problem-recognition Becoming aware of the ethical dimensions of an activity

2. Clarification of goals Deciding on what one wants to achieve

3. Information gathering Assembling of all relevant information

4. Development of options Sorting out the various means of resolving the issues

5. Consideration of consequencesThinking through the effects of each of the actions and of alltogether

6. Choose Deciding on what course of action will be taken

7. Monitor and ModifyTo keep track of the results of the activities and adaptaccordingly


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Becoming an EthicallyMature Person

Contexts ofDecisions


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The West The East

The South

The North

The Cultural Context


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Individuals & The Human Co mmunity Nee d Ethics

In th e f ac e of:

S truggl e

Magical Be li ef s

Manipulation

Crim e s


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Why Ethics is Complex

Right /Wrong

UniversalPrinciples

Values Values

Intention

Decisions

Responsibility

Law

Good / Evil

Culture

Context Virtue

Knowledge

Rights

Morality

Duties

Relationships

Sheriff judges by the DeedIt s Only the Tip of the Iceberg

Feelings


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Ethics of Sharing Music for Profit:

1. May 1999 Founded Napster

1. S.W. allowed users to share files in MP3 Format over Internet2. May 2000, 10 million + users - $15 million venture capital funds3. Sean is sued by Record companies, Metallica, Dr. Dre Illegal to distribute music owned by

others

2. Napster side Moral & Legal Right to make copies

3. Industry side No right to give copies of music owned by others

During one week, (March 2000), 300,000 people downloaded music from site

4. August 2000 Judge says shut down site basis pirating without paying

5. You have heard news of lawsuits against those copying music.

Penalties range up to fines of $250,000 and five years in jail.

Shawn (Napster) Fanning


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It is Jun e, 2000. Y our fri e nd & roommat e at coll e g e,John Smith, has start e d a b usin e ss of downloading hit songs through Napst e r, (G rockst e r, Kazaa, e tc .)and s e lling customiz e d copi e s for $10 e ach .

Sc e nario

John s fath e r has mad e larg e donations to th ecoll e g e , paid for your tuition and was instrum e ntal in g e tting you acc e pt e d into th ecoll e g e. In r e turn, h e ex p e cts that you will beh e lpful to John in his studi e s and b usin e ss .

You ar e v e ry int e llig e nt, popular b ut poor and d e p e nd e nt on th e S mith s support to stay in coll e g e. S inc e you ar e popular, John is ex p e cting you to mark e t th e CD s to your fri e nds .

John has p e rsuad e d you to s e ll his first 500 CD s and h e split th e profits with you 50/50. T h e oth e r stud e nts lov e th e d e als . You hav e bee n r e ading up on th e pot e ntial lawsuits against thos e who download and s e ll music . Your dou b ts and an x i e ti e s hav e incr e as e d .


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1. What is the ethical problem here,if any?

2. What elements must beconsidered in making a decision?

3. What are your options?

4. What would be best for Musicindustry?

5. What would be best for Napster?6. What would be best for the

music loving audience?7. What will you gain or lose

according to your decision?8. What is best according to yourethical principles?

9. What will you do? Why ?

Challenge

1. __________________________ _________________________?

2. __________________________ _________________________?

3. __________________________ _________________________?

4. __________________________ _________________________?

5. __________________________ _________________________?

6. __________________________ _________________________?

7. _________________________?8. __________________________ _________________________

9. __________________________ _________________________ ?


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Challenge1. What is the

ethicalproblem here,

if any ?

4. What would be best for the music

Industry?

5. What would be

best for Napster?

6. What would bebest for the

music-loving audience?

2. What elementsmust be considered in

making a decision?

3. What areyour options?

7. What will you gainor lose accordingto your decision?

8. What is best according

to your ethical principles?

9. What will you do?

Why?


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The Leader s Ethical Compass


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Bribery

1. The Story1. Lockheed paid $2 million to Japan s Premier Tanaka to get ANA to buy airplanes

2. Lockheed sold $1.3 billion worth of planes to Japan

3. Bribe discovered. Kotchian had to resign and Tanaka was arrested

2. Circumstances1. Possible bankruptcy facing Lockheed prior to sales

2. Saving jobs in the U.S.

3. Used a Trading company and a consultant (criminal) as intermediaries

3. Discussion Points

1. Such money is called a commission in Japan2. No laws against the practice in the U.S.

3. Everyone is doing it

4. Payments were requested by the intermediaries


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What is Your Decision?

For Paying Bribe?1. Company needs to survive

2. Effective contacts but criminal

3. CIA knows these activities

4. Save thousands of jobs

5. No U.S. laws violated

6. Normal practice in Japan

7. Others (many) are doing same

Against Paying Bribe?1. It is an anti-competitive practice

2. A high risk of blackmail

3. CIA knows but still not legal

4. Saving jobs does not validate

5. Even without laws, still bound

6. Practice alone does not justify

7. Own judgment is focus of ethics

What is Your Value & Reasoning?


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1. List areas of Impact of the Payments?__________________________

2. Bribe, Commission, Extortion?________________________________

3. Commercially ok, Individually not ok___________________________

4. Both punished severely. Fair or not fair?________________________

5. Reasons you might act differently from Kotchian?_________________

6. List key ethical themes & questions in this case?__________________

7. List methods of recourse of victims in this case?__________________

8. What corporate culture allows bribes?__________________________

9. How to fix that culture?_____________________________________

Dimensions of Bribery involving Governments and Corporations


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Emerging Ethical Issues

Examples:1. Information Technologies and Privacy2. Genetic Engineering and Human Dignity3. Weapons of Mass Destruction and Global Survival4. Cultural Imperialism and Diversity5. Others? ______________________________________________

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________


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1. Learning s from Definitions

1. _____________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________

2. Learning s from Case #1 A Personal Ethical Dilemma

1. _____________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________

3. Learning s from Case #2 Corporate Bribery1. _____________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________

Learning s about Ethics


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1. Objectives? _______________________________________

2. Actions? __________________________________________3. Who all are Responsible? _____________________________

4. Start Date? ______ Completion Date? ______________?

5. Criteria for Success? ________________________________?

6. Resources Required? _______________________________?

7. Accountable To? ___________________________________?

Action Items


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Hugh LeonardPr i n cip a l, Leonard Tra i n i ng and C on s u lti ng

Leonard has 20-plus years Human ResourceDevelopment experience helping organizations develop theskills necessary for executives and staff to improve theperformance of the multiple-culture employee groups intheir workplaces and business contexts. Prior to foundingLTC , he spent 26 years with the Sacred HeartsCongregation, seventeen of those in Japan as a missionary.In that capacity, he acted as co-pastor in three parisheswhile providing services in many satellite Christiancommunities. At the same time, he was active in youth

groups and in industrial counseling projects, conductingworkshops for human development, teaching, writingbooks and serving needs of the citizens of two localconstituencies. In this regard, he founded and led theHitachi Human Life Center for eight years. This experiencebecame the basis of the Bi- Cultural Manager courses whichhe conducted for Japanese managers for over seven yearsin Southern California and around the world.

Relevant Experience

His human and organization development-related workincludes conducting a variety of management development and conflict-resolution workshops for over 20 organizationsworldwide, including the U.S. and Asia. His practice utilizesproven assessment, development, change management and follow-up intervention tools to facilitate effectiveperformance in business and workplace contexts .

Professional Affiliations

Leonard s professional affiliations include serving as Board Member of the Japan America Society, where hedeveloped and conducted workshops on Working withthe Japanese; Board Member, Cultural NewsOrganization (for promotion of Japanese culture in theU.S.); Teacher, The Bi- Cultural Manager course at California State University, Long Beach ( CSULB);Member, Professional Coaches and Mentors Association(PCMA); Member, American Society for T raining andDevelopment (AS TD); Member, International Society forPerformance Improvement (ISPI); Member, Mastermind,

Education

His education for the priesthood was gained at Queen of Peace Seminary of N.H., USA, 1965. He is also agraduate of University of Southern California, where hereceived his Master s degree in Asian Area studies. Hehas an Masters Degree in Human Resource Development (MHRD) and a Master s Degree in Applied T heology.Presently taking a Certificate in Executive Coaching(equivalent to Masters).

LTC


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Thank You

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Ethics and Making- Hugh Leonard