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ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2006Legal Ethics

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Preliminary ConsiderationsWho is a lawyer 2Wha! is "o#!e$%la!e& 'y !he !er$ (%ra"!i"e o) law* 2Why is i! #e"essary !o &e!er$i#e whe!her or #o! a#a"!i+i!y is ,#&er !he &e)i#i!io# o) %ra"!i"e o) law

Ca# #o#-lawyers a%%ear i# "o,r! S%e"ial r,les )or lawyers i# %,'li" ser+i"e .Co&e o) %ro)essio#al res%o#si'ili!yP,'li" o))i"ials

.

.II. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL BEHAIOR

The %ra"!i"e o) law is #o! !ra&e or "ra)!/ Th,s a lawyer$ay #o! a&+er!ise his s1ill as a !ra&es$a#&oes

R,le o# a&+er!ise$e#!s

Per$issi'le a&+er!ise$e#!s Possi'le are#as )or i#&ire"! soli"i!a!io# 3The lawyer a#& !he "lie#! rela!io#shi% 4P,rely Perso#al Na!,re o) Rela!io#shi% 55i&,"iary 7,!y 52A!!or#ey8s lie#s 5S%e"ial r,le o# lawyer8s %,r"hase o) "lie#!8s %ro%er!y

'e"a,se o) )i&,"iary rela!io#shi%

5

Co#)i&e#!iali!y 5Co#)li"! o) i#!eres! 5I#&e%e#&e#"e o) !he lawyer e+e# i) a# a9e#! o) "lie#! 53Ter$i#a!io# o) ser+i"es 53:i#&s o) %ay$e#! 20A!!or#ey8s )ees 25Quantum meruit 25Champertous"o#!ra"!s 22Lawyer $,s! o'ey !he law/ 2Lawyer $,s! 'e "a#&i& a#& res%e"!),l !o !he "o,r!s 2

a#& !heir "ollea9,es

Ca#&or !o "o,r!s 2Lawyer sho,l& %ro$o!e res%e"! !o "o,r!s 2.Res%e"! !o "ollea9,es 2;Lawyer $,s! 'e 9oo& a9e#!s o)

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I. PRELI!INAR)CONSI&ERATIONS

=5/ W>OISALAW?ER=2/ W>AT IS CONTEMPLATE7 B? T>E TERM (PRACTICE O

LAW*=/ W>? IS IT NECESSAR? TO 7ETERMINE W>ET>ER OR

NOT ANACTIVIT?ISUN7ERT>E7EINITIONOPRACTICEOLAW

=./ CANNON-LAW?ERSAPPEARINCOURT=;/ SPECIALRULESORLAW?ERSINPUBLICSERVICE

*+. %HO IS A LA%)ER,

A la-yer is one -ho /PaRRT05/ Passe& !he 'ar e@a$s2/ Re9is!ere& i# !he roll o) a!!or#eys/ Re"ei+e& a "er!i)i"a!e o) li"e#se !o %ra"!i"e law

)ro$ !he Cler1 o) Co,r! o) !he S,%re$e Co,r!/./ Ta1e# a# oa!h

A1ter Admission he or she m2st /PORe05/ Pay a##,al %ri+ile9e !a@

2/ O'ser+e !he r,les o# %ro%er e!hi"s/ Re$ai# a# IBP $e$'er i# 9oo& s!a#&i#9 'y

re9,larly %ayi#9 IBP &,es a#& o!her assess$e#!s

*Santos v. Llamas (A.C. No. 4749. January 20, 2000)(he e)emption granted *# +,A, 4.' to senior citi!ens frompa#ing individual income ta) does not e)empt la/#ers /hoare lie/ise senior citi!ens from pa#ing 23 dues andprivilege ta),

RE3(IRE!ENTS FOR A&!ISSION TO THE BAR

/A4 CORP05/ A! leas! 25 years ol&2/ Ci!ie# o) !he Phili%%i#es/ O) 9oo& $oral "hara"!er./ Resi&e#! o) !he Phili%%i#es;/ Pro&,"!io# 'e)ore !he S,%re$e Co,r! sa!is)a"!ory

e+i&e#"e o)a/ oo& $oral "hara"!er'/ No "har9es a9ai#s! hi$ i#+ol+i#9 $oral

!,r%i!,&e ha+e 'ee# )ile& or are %e#&i#9 i#a#y "o,r! i# !he Phili%%i#es/

*Tapucar vs. Tapucar. A.C. No. 44! (99!)(he reuirement of 5ood $oral Character is a continuingreuirement; good moral character is not onl# a conditionprecedent for admission to the legal profession6 *ut it mustalso remain intact 7/hile e)ercising the profession8 in orderto maintain one9s good standing in that e)clusive andhonored fraternit#,

*5. %HAT IS CONTE!PLATE& B) THE TER!

6PRACTICE OF LA%7,

PRACTICE OF LA% 8 $ea#s a#y a"!i+i!y i# o,r o,! o)"o,r! whi"h reD,ires !he a%%li"a!io# o) law le9al%ro"e&,re 1#owle&9e !rai#i#9 a#& e@%erie#"e/

*Cay"tano v. #onso$ 20 SC%A 20 (c&t&n' AL% 2)(o engage in the practice of la/ is to perform those acts6/hich are characteristics of the profession, 5enerall#6 topractice la/ is to give notice or render an# ind of service6/hich device or service reuires the use in an# degree of

Adviser: Justice Hofilea; Head: atrina Anne Alvare!; "nderstud#: $aria %elicitas &le

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legal no/ledge or sill,

*n %" Ar'os&no (997)(he practice of la/ is a 3+&5& granted onl# to those/ho possess the LA%)ERS PRACTICE LA%,?es %ro+i&e& !he a%%eara#"e is #o! ha'i!,al wi!ho,!"o$%e#sa!io# a#& s,'

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Le9al Cli#i" o) !he law

s"hool/6/ U#&er !he &ire"! s,%er+isio#

a#& "o#!rol o) a# IBP$e$'er &,ly a""re&i!e& 'y!he law s"hool/

Be1ore the NLRC or anyLaor Ariter

5/ Perso# re%rese#!i#9 hi$sel)2/ Perso# re%rese#!i#9 his

or9a#ia!io# or $e$'ers o#!hereo) Art ''' of thea*or Code6 3? 44'6 asamendedB,

Be1ore the Cadastral Co2rt a #o#-lawyer "a# re%rese#! a

"lai$a#! Ca&as!ral A"! Act''EF6

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a"!s or o$issio# o) %,'li" o))i"ers alrea&y %e#alie& 'y

e@is!i#9 law !he )ollowi#9 shall "o#s!i!,!e "orr,%! %ra"!i"e o)a#y %,'li" o))i"er a#& are here'y &e"lare& !o 'e ,#law),l H H H

&F acce@tingor haing any memer o1 his 1amilyacce@t em@loyment in a @riate enter@rise -hich has@ending o11icial 2siness wi!h hi$ &,ri#9 !he %e#&e#"y!hereo) or wi!hi# o#e year a)!er !er$i#a!io#/

Section ; /0 o1 RA ;+9%rohi'i!s o))i"ials )ro$ &oi#9 a#yo) !he )ollowi#9 a"!s

5/ Ow# "o#!rol $a#a9e or a""e%! e$%loy$e#! as

o))i"er e$%loyee "o#s,l!a#! "o,#sel 'ro1era9e#! !r,s!ee or #o$i#ee i# a#y %ri+a!e e#!er%risere9,la!e& s,%er+ise& or li"e#se& 'y !heir o))i"e,#less e@%ressly allowe& 'y law/

@ @ @These %rohi'i!io#s shall "o#!i#,e !o a%%ly )or a %erio& o)o#e 5F year a)!er resi9#a!io# re!ire$e#! or se%ara!io#)ro$ %,'li" o))i"e e@"e%! i# !he "ase o) s,'%ara9ra%h 'F2F a'o+e ',! !he %ro)essio#al "o#"er#e& "a##o! %ra"!i"ehis %ro)essio# i# "o##e"!io# wi!h a#y $a!!er 'e)ore !heo))i"e he ,se& !o 'e wi!h i# whi"h "ase !he o#e year

%rohi'i!io# shall li1ewise a%%ly/

P(BLIC OFFICIALS NOT ALLO%E& TO ENAE INPRIATE PRACTICE OF LA% IN THE PHILIPPINES/'O>TA!PO0

5/ ',&9es a#& o!her o))i"ials as e$%loyees o) !heS,%re$e Co,r! +ule 146

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9o+er#$e#! is !he a&+erse %ar!yJ

'/ A%%ear as "o,#sel i# a#y "ri$i#al "ase wherei#a# o))i"er or e$%loyee o) !he #a!io#al or lo"al9o+er#$e#! is a"",se& o) a# o))e#se "o$$i!!e&i# rela!io# !o his o))i"eJ

"/ Colle"! a#y )ee )or !heir a%%eara#"e i#a&$i#is!ra!i+e %ro"ee&i#9s i#+ol+i#9 !he lo"al9o+er#$e#! ,#i! o) whi"h he is a# o))i"ialJ

&/ Use %ro%er!y a#& %erso##el o) !he 9o+er#$e#!e@"e%! whe# !he Sa#99,#ia# $e$'er"o#"er#e& is &e)e#&i#9 !he i#!eres! o) !he9o+er#$e#!/

9. RA :+$< Sec. + /as amended0A re!ire&

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PROCESS BUTMUSTPROVI7EEICIENTSERVICE

*+. THEPRACTICEOFLA% ISNOTTRA&EORCRAFT. TH(S< ALA%)ER!A)NOTA&ERTISEHISSILLASATRA&ES!AN&OES

HistoryLawyeri#9 i# !he I##s o) Co,r! o) E#9la#& was%re+io,sly %ra"!i"e& 'y weal!hy %eo%le/ These %ra"!i!io#ersloo1e& &ow# ,%o# all )or$s o) !ra&e a#& "o$%e!i!io#/,s!i"e AD,i#o i# a re"e#! le"!,re re$ar1e& !ha! a&+er!isi#9o) a lawyer8s ser+i"e is a# a"! i# 'a& !as!e/

APPLICABLE CANONS 8 CO&E OF PROFESSIONALRESPONSIBILIT)

R2le 5.$9G A lawyer shall #o! &o or %er$i! !o 'e &o#e a#ya"! &esi9#e& %ri$arily !o soli"i! le9al ',si#ess/

R2le 5.$=G A lawyer shall #o! "har9e ra!es lower !ha#!hose ",s!o$arily or %res"ri'e& ,#less "ir",$s!a#"es sowarra#!

Wha! !his r,le %re+e#!s is a $ar1e! or 'ar9ai#i#9 a!!i!,&e is

)os!ere&/

R2le 9.$=G A lawyer shall #o! %ay or 9i+e a#y!hi#9 o) +al,e!o re%rese#!a!i+es o) !he $ass $e&ia i# a#!i"i%a!io# o) or i#re!,r# )or %,'li"i!y !o a!!ra"! le9al ',si#ess/

*+.+. R(LEONA&ERTISE!ENTS

eneral R2le No a&+er!ise$e#!s allowe&/

Lawyers $ay #o! a&+er!ise !heir ser+i"es or e@%er!ise #or

sho,l& #o! resor! !o i#&ire"! a&+er!ise$e#!s )or %ro)essio#al

e$%loy$e#! s,"h as ),r#ishi#9 or i#s%iri#9 #ews%a%er"o$$e#!s or %ro",ri#9 his %ho!o9ra%h !o 'e %,'lishe& i#"o##e"!io# wi!h "a,ses i# whi"h !he lawyer has 'ee#e#9a9e& or "o#"er#i#9 !he $a##er o) !heir "o#&,"! !he$a9#i!,&e o) !he i#!eres! i#+ol+e& !he i$%or!a#"e o) !helawyerKs %osi!io# a#& all o!her sel)-la,&a!io#/

The $os! wor!hy a#& e))e"!i+e a&+er!ise$e#! %ossi'le is!he es!a'lish$e#! o) a well-$eri!e& re%,!a!io# )or%ro)essio#al "a%a"i!y a#& )i&eli!y !o !r,s!/

*+.5. R(LEONEGCEPTE&ORPER!ISSIBLEA&ERTISE!ENTS

CANON 9G A lawyer i# $a1i#9 1#ow# his le9al ser+i"esshall ,se o#ly !r,e ho#es! )air &i9#i)ie& a#& o'ROLE05/ Or&i#ary si$%le @ro)essio#al Car&/ I! $ay

"o#!ai# o#ly a s!a!e$e#! o) his #a$e !he #a$e o)!he law )ir$ whi"h he is "o##e"!e& wi!h a&&ress!ele%ho#e #,$'er a#& !he s%e"ial 'ra#"h o) law

%ra"!i"e&/ l"p vs. L"'al Cl&n&c, nc., 22 SC%A7!B

2/ Re%,!a'le law lis!s i# a $a##er "o#sis!e#! wi!h!he s!a#&ar&s o) "o#&,"! i$%ose& 'y !he "a#o#s o)'rie) 'io9ra%hi"al a#& i#)or$a!i+e &a!a are allowe&/dB

/ A si$%le a##o,#"e$e#! o) !he o%e#i#9 o) a law)ir$ or o) "ha#9es i# !he %ar!#ershi% asso"ia!es)ir$ #a$e or o))i"e a&&ress 'ei#9 )or !he


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"o#+e#ie#"e o) !he %ro)essio# is #o! o'

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Ca#o#s o) Pro)essio#al E!hi"s ABA R,les a#& U/S/

,ris%r,&e#"eF/

No!e I# a#y "ase o) ',si#esses whi"h lay$e# e#9a9e i#a#& are "losely asso"ia!e& wi!h !he %ra"!i"e o) law !ha! !heirsoli"i!a!io# o) ',si#ess $ay rea&ily 'e"o$e a $ea#s o)i#&ire"! soli"i!a!io# )or a#y lawyer asso"ia!e& wi!h !he$R,le 5;/03 $ay 'e "o#si&ere& d,F ie/ a""o,#!i#9 )ir$sI#s,ra#"e a&e is as inde@endentas

a

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re%ose& i# hi$/

No )ear o) owe+er he $ay re#&er s,"h ser+i"e i) wi!h !he"o#se#! o) his "lie#! he "a# o'!ai# as "olla'ora!i#9"o,#sel a lawyer who is "o$%e!e#! o# !he $a!!er/

R2le +".$5G A lawyer shall #o! ha#&le a#y le9al $a!!erwi!ho,! a&eD,a!e %re%ara!io#/R2le +".$9 G A lawyer shall #o! #e9le"! a le9al $a!!ere#!r,s!e& !o hi$ a#& his #e9li9e#"e i# "o##e"!io#!herewi!h shall re#&er hi$ lia'le/R2le +".$=G A lawyer shall 1ee% !he "lie#! i#)or$e& o)!he s!a!,s o) his "ase a#& shall res%o#& wi!hi# areaso#a'le !i$e !o !he "lie#!8s reD,es! )or i#)or$a!io#/

CO!PETENCE 8 s,))i"ie#"y o) lawyer8s D,ali)i"a!io# !o&eal wi!h !he $a!!er i# D,es!io# a#& i#"l,&es 1#owle&9ea#& s1ill a#& !he a'ili!y !o ,se !he$ e))e"!i+ely i# !he

i#!eres! o) !he "lie#!/

A lawyer $,s! 1ee% hi$sel) "o#s!a#!ly a'reas! wi!h !he!re#& o) a,!hori!a!i+e %ro#o,#"e$e#!s a#& &e+elo%$e#!s i#all 'ra#"hes o) law/

There $,s! 'e or&i#ary &ili9e#"e i# %rose",!io# or &e)e#seo) his "lie#!8s "a,se/

*5.+.A.+. ATTORNE)SACTSBIN&THECLIENT

IN&S OF APPEARANCES

5/ eneral a@@earanceG whe# !he %ar!y "o$es !o"o,r! ei!her as %lai#!i)) or &e)e#&a#! a#& see1s9e#eral relie)s )ro$ !he "o,r! )or sa!is)a"!io# o) his"lai$s or "o,#!er"lai$s res%e"!i+ely/

2/ S@ecial a@@earance 8whe# a &e)e#&a#! a%%earsi# "o,r! solely )or !he %,r%ose o) o'

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Ece@tion The %ri#"i%le !ha! !he ri9i& r,le $,s! yiel& !o !he

"o,r!8s &,!y !o re#&er

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lawyer !o re$ai# a $e$'er o) !he le9al %ro)essio#/

APPLICABLE CANONS 8 CO&E OF PROFESSIONALRESPONSIBILIT)

CANON :G A lawyer shall #o! &ire"!ly or i#&ire"!ly assis! i#!he ,#a,!horie& %ra"!i"e o) law/

R2le :.$+G A lawyer shall #o! &ele9a!e !o a#y ,#D,ali)ie&%erso# !he %er)or$a#"e o) a#y !as1 whi"h 'y law $ayo#ly 'e %er)or$e& 'y a $e$'er o) !he 'ar i# 9oo&s!a#&i#9/R2le :.$5G A lawyer shall #o! &i+i&e or s!i%,la!e !o &i+i&e

a )ee )or le9al ser+i"es wi!h %erso#s #o! li"e#se& !o%ra"!i"e law e@"e%!

a/ Where !here is a %re-e@is!i#9 a9ree$e#!wi!h a %ar!#er or asso"ia!e !ha! ,%o# !he la!!er8s&ea!h $o#ey shall 'e %ai& o+er a reaso#a'le%erio& o) !i$e !o his es!a!e or !o !he %erso#ss%e"i)ie& i# !he a9ree$e#!J or

'/ Where a lawyer ,#&er!a1es !o "o$%le!e,#)i#ishe& le9al ',si#ess o) a &e"ease& lawyerJ or

"/ Where a lawyer or law )ir$ i#"l,&es#o#-lawyer e$%loyees i# a re!ire$e#! %la# e+e# i)

!he %la# is 'ase& i# whole or i# %ar! o) a %ro)i!shari#9 arra#9e$e#!s/

A la-yer m2st not taDe as @artner or associate one-ho law7SF5/ is a Forei9# lawyer unless li"e#se& 'y

!he SC/2/ Is #o! a lawyer / Is dis'arre&./ >as 'ee# s,s%e#&e& )ro$ !he %ra"!i"e

o) law

*5.# FI&(CIAR)&(T)

FI&(CIAR) &(T)- is !he %ri#"i%le !ha! a!!or#ey &eri+es #o,#&,e a&+a#!a9e !ha! $ay o%era!e !o !he %re

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se%ara!e a#& a%ar! )ro$ his ow# a#& !hose o) o!hers 1e%!

'y hi$/R2le +.$9G A lawyer shall &eli+er !he ),#&s a#& %ro%er!yo) his "lie#! whe# &,e or ,%o# &e$a#&/ >owe+er he shallha+e a lie# o+er !he ),#&s a#& $ay a%%ly so $,"h !hereo)as $ay 'e #e"essary !o sa!is)y his law),l )ees a#&&is',rse$e#!s 9i+i#9 #o!i"e %ro$%!ly !herea)!er !o his"lie#!/ >e shall also ha+e a lie# !o !he sa$e e@!e#! o# all

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(he follo/ing persons are prohi*ited from acuiring

propert# under litigation *# reason of the relation of trust ortheir peculiar control either directl# or indirectl# and even ata pu*lic or @udicial auction:1, 5uardians;', Agents., Administrators4, 3u*lic officers and emplo#eesE, Judicial officers and emplo#eesD, 3rosecuting attorne#s and la/#ers Art 14F16

=CCB, (hose speciall# disualified *# la/

Elements o1 Article +=:+ /Ciil CodeJ La&' vs. CA, !2SC%A 294) /PA9L0

5/ The @ro%er!y or i#!eres! o) !he "lie#! $,s! 'e i#li!i9a!io#

2/ There $,s! 'e a# a!!or#ey-"lie#! rela!io#shi%/ The a!!or#ey !a1es %ar! as "o,#sel i# !he "ase./ The a!!or#ey 'y hi$sel) or !hro,9h a#o!her

%,r"hases s,"h %ro%er!y or i#!eres! &,ri#9 !he%e#&e#"y o) !he li!i9a!io#/

;/ This also i#"l,&es lease a#& $or!9a9e/

eneral R2leA lawyer $ay #o! %,r"hase e+e# a! a %,'li"or

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/ Co$$,#i"a!io# is i#!e#&e& !o 'e "o#)i&e#!ial see

R,le 50 Se"/ 25'F R,les o) Co,r!F

%HEN IS THERE N8 PRIILEE& CO!!(NICATION5/ A)!er %lea&i#9 has 'ee# )ile& G o#"e )ile&

!he %lea&i#9 "eases !o 'e a %ri+ile9e&"o$$,#i"a!io#J i! 'e"o$es %ar! o) %,'li" re"or&s/

2/ Co$$,#i"a!io# i#!e#&e& 'y !he "lie#! !o 'ese#! !o a !hir& %erso# !hro,9h his "o,#sel G i! losesi!s "o#)i&e#!ial "hara"!er as soo# as i! rea"hes !heha#&s o) !hir& %erso#

/ Whe# "o$$,#i"a!io# so,9h! 'y "lie#! i s

i#!e#&e& !o ai& ),!,re "ri$e./ Whe# "o$$,#i"a!io# 'e!wee# a!!or#ey a#&

"lie#! is hear& 'y a !hir& %ar!y G !hir& %ar!y !es!i$o#yis a&$issi'le as e+i&e#"e

E+e# i) !he "o$$,#i"a!io# is ,#%ri+ile9e& !he r,le o) e!hi"s%rohi'i!s hi$ )ro$ +ol,#!arily re+eali#9 or ,si#9 !o his'e#e)i! or !o !ha! o) a !hir& %erso# !o !he &isa&+a#!a9e o)!he "lie#! !he sai& "o$$,#i"a!io# ,#less !he "lie#!"o#se#!s !here!o/

This is a%%li"a'le !o s!,&e#!s ,#&er !he S!,&e#! Pra"!i"eLaw Pro9ra$/

CANON 5+G A lawyer shall %reser+e !he "o#)i&e#"es a#&se"re!s o) his "lie#! e+e# a)!er !he a!!or#ey-"lie#! rela!io# is!er$i#a!e&/

Con1idence L re)ers !o i#)or$a!io# %ro!e"!e& 'y !hea!!or#ey-"lie#! %ri+ile9e/ +evised +ules of CourtB

Secret L re)ers !o o!her i#)or$a!io# 9ai#e& i# !he

%ro)essio#al rela!io#shi% !ha! !he "lie#! has re9,la!e& !o 'ehel& i#+iola!e or !he &is"los,re o) whi"h wo,l& 'ee$'arrassi#9 or wo,l& li1ely 'e &e!ri$e#!al !o !he "lie#!/

R2le 5+.$+G A lawyer shall #o! re+eal !he "o#)i&e#"es orse"re!s o) his "lie#! e@"e%!

aF Whe# a,!horie& 'y !he "lie#! a)!er a"D,ai#!i#9 hi$o) !he "o#seD,e#"es o) !he &is"los,reJ

'F Whe# reD,ire& 'y lawJ"F Whe# #e"essary !o "olle"! his )ees or !o &e)e#&

hi$sel) his e$%loyees or asso"ia!es or 'y

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R2le 5+.$#G A lawyer shall a&o%! s,"h $eas,res as $ay

'e reD,ire& !o %re+e#! !hose whose ser+i"es are ,!ilie& 'yhi$ )ro$ &is"losi#9 or ,si#9 "o#)i&e#"es or se"re!s o) !he"lie#!/

R2le 5+.$G A lawyer shall a+oi& i#&is"ree! "o#+ersa!io#a'o,! a "lie#!8s a))airs e+e# wi!h $e$'ers o) his )a$ily/

R2le 5+.$; G A lawyer shall #o! re+eal !ha! he has 'ee#"o#s,l!e& a'o,! a %ar!i",lar "ase e@"e%! !o a+oi& %ossi'le"o#)li"! o) i#!eres!/

APPLICABLE LA%S

A. R(LE +9$< R(LES ON EI&ENCE

Sec. 5= &is2ali1ication y reason o1 @riilegedcomm2nication.The )ollowi#9 %erso#s "a##o! !es!i)y as !o $a!!ers lear#e&i# "o#)i&e#"e i# !he )ollowi#9 "ases @ @ @ 'F A# a!!or#ey "a##o! wi!ho,! !he "o#se#! o) his "lie#!'e e@a$i#e& as !o a#y "o$$,#i"a!io# $a&e 'y !he "lie#!!o hi$ or his a&+i"e 9i+e# !hereo# i# !he "o,rse o)

%ro)essio#al e$%loy$e#!J #or "a# a# a!!or#ey8s se"re!arys!e#o9ra%her or "ler1 'e e@a$i#e& wi!ho,! !he "o#se#! o)!he "lie#! a#& his e$%loyees "o#"er#i#9 a#y )a"! !he1#owle&9e o) whi"h has 'ee# a"D,ire& i# s,"h "a%a"i!y/

B. REISE& PENAL CO&E

Art. 5$:. "trayal o6 Trust -y an Attorn"y or Sol&c&tor.%"v"lat&on o6 s"cr"ts. I# a&&i!io# !o !he %ro%era&$i#is!ra!i+e a"!io# !he %e#al!y o) prision correccional i#i!s $i#i$,$ %erio& or a )i#e ra#9i#9 )ro$ P200 !o P5000or 'o!h shall 'e i$%ose& ,%o# a#y a!!or#ey a! law or

soli"i!or who 'y a#y $ali"io,s 'rea1 o) %ro)essio#al &,!y as

i#e@",sa'le #e9li9e#"e or i9#ora#"e shall %re

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12t2re 1ra2d or crime',! "ri$es)ra,&s (alrea&y

"o$$i!!e&* )alls wi!hi# !he %ri+ile9e

*5.#.C. CONFLICTOFINTEREST

CANON +#G A lawyer shall o'ser+e "a#&or )air#ess a#&loyal!y i# all his &eali#9s a#& !ra#sa"!io#s wi!h his "lie#!/

R2le +#.$+G A lawyer i# "o#)erri#9 wi!h a %ros%e"!i+e"lie#! shall as"er!ai# as soo# as %ra"!i"a'le whe!her !he$a!!er wo,l& i#+ol+e a "o#)li"! wi!h a#o!her "lie#! or hisow# i#!eres! a#& i) so shall )or!hwi!h i#)or$ !he

%ros%e"!i+e "lie#!/R2le +#.$9 G A lawyer shall #o! re%rese#! "o#)li"!i#9i#!eres!s e@"e%! 'y wri!!e# "o#se#! o) all "o#"er#e& 9i+e#a)!er a ),ll &is"los,re o) !he )a"!s/R2le +#.$" G A lawyer who is e#9a9e& i# a#o!her%ro)essio# or o"",%a!io# "o#",rre#!ly wi!h !he %ra"!i"e o)law shall $a1e "lear !o his "lie#! whe!her he is a"!i#9 as alawyer or i# a#o!her "a%a"i!y/

To a+oi& 'rea"h o) le9al e!hi"s a lawyer sho,l& 1ee% a#y',si#ess i# whi"h is e#9a9e& i# "o#",rre#!ly wi!h !he%ra"!i"e o) law e#!irely se%ara!e a#& a%ar! )ro$ !he la!!er/

R(LE ON CONFLICTIN INTERESTS

*Nap&l vs. :al$"1, 2!/ SC%A 7!t is generall# the rule *ased on sound pu*lic polic# that anattorne# cannot represent adverse interest, t is highl#improper to represent *oth sides of an issue, (heproscription against representation of conflicting interestfinds application /here the conflicting interest arises /ithrespect to the same general matter and is applica*le

ho/ever slight such adverse interest ma# *e, t applies

although the attorne#9s intention and motives /ere honestand he acted in good faith,

Ho/ever6 representation of conflicting interest ma# *eallo/ed /here the parties consent to the representationafter full disclosure of facts,

R2leA# a!!or#ey "a##o! re%rese#! a&+erse i#!eres!/

Ece@tion

Where !he %ar!ies "o#se#! !o !he re%rese#!a!io# a)!er ),ll&is"los,re o) )a"!s/

TESTS IN &ETER!ININ CONFLICTIN INTERESTS5/ Whe!her or #o! !he a""e%!a#"e o) a #ew rela!io# will

%re+e#! a# a!!or#ey )ro$ !he ),ll &is"har9e o) his&,!y o) ,#&i+i&e& )i&eli!y a#& loyal!y !o his "lie#! ori#+i!e s,s%i"io# o) ,#)ai!h),l#ess i# &o,'le-&eali#9i# !he %er)or$a#"e !hereo)/(iana v, ?campoB

2/ Whe!her !he lawyer will #ow ha+e !o o%%ose a#ar9,$e#! he %re+io,sly es%o,se& )or !he sa$e

%erso# Cedo v, 3=2F

*Santos v. "ltran, AC No. !! (200)(here is a conflict of interest /hen a la/#er representsinconsistent interests of t/o or more opposing parties, (hetest is G/hether or not in *ehalf of one client6 it is thela/#ers dut# to oppose it for the other client, n *rief6 if heargues for one client6 this argument /ill *e opposed *# him/hen he argues for the other client, (his rule covers notonl# cases in /hich confidential communications have *eenconfided6 *ut also those in /hich no confidence has *een


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*esto/ed or /ill *e used,

Also6 there is conflict of interest if the acceptance of thene/ retainer /ill reuire the attorne# to perform an act/hich /ill in@uriousl# affect his first client in an# matter in/hich he represents him and also /hether he /ill *e calledupon in his ne/ relation to use against his first client an#no/ledge acuired through their connection,

Another test of inconsistenc# of interests is /hether theacceptance of a ne/ relation /ill prevent an attorne# fromthe full discharge of his dut# of undivided fidelit# and lo#alt#

to his client or invite suspicion of unfaithfulness or dou*ledealing in the performance thereof,

Note

R2le .$9G A lawyer shall #o! a)!er lea+i#9 9o+er#$e#!ser+i"e a""e%! e#9a9e$e#!s or e$%loy$e#! i# "o##e"!io#wi!h a#y $a!!er i# whi"h he ha& i#!er+e#e& while i# sai&ser+i"e/R2le +#.$=G A lawyer $ay wi!h !he wri!!e# "o#se#! o) all"o#"er#e& a"! as $e&ia!or "o#"ilia!or or ar'i!ra!or i#

se!!li#9 &is%,!es/*3onal$ 3"" vs. CA, 7/ SC%A /At a certain stage of the controvers# *efore it reaches thecourt6 a la/#er ma# represent conflicting interests /ith theconsent of the parties, A common representation ma# /orto their advantage since a mutual la/#er6 /ith honestmotivations and impartiall# cogni!ant of the partiesdisparate positions ma# /ell *e *etter situated to /or outan accepta*le settlement,

*5.. IN&EPEN&ENCEOFTHELA%)EREEN IFANAENTOF

CLIENT

A@@licale Canon

R2le +:.$9 G A lawyer shall #o! allow his "lie#! !o &i"!a!e!he %ro"e&,re i# ha#&li#9 !he "ase/

eneral R2leNe9li9e#"e 'i#&s "lie#!/

Ece@tions

5/ Re"1less i$%r,&e#"e &e%ri+es "lie#! o) &,e%ro"essF

2/ Res,l!s i# o,!ri9h! &e%ri+a!io# o) o#e8s %ro%er!y!hro,9h !e"h#i"ali!y

Lawyer sho,l& &o his 'es! e))or!s !o res!rai# a#& !o %re+e#!his "lie#!s )ro$ %er%e!ra!i#9 a"!s whi"h he hi$sel) o,9h!#o! !o &o/ Or else wi!h&raw/ B,! lawyer shall #o! +ol,#!eer!he i#)or$a!io# a'o,! !he "lie#!8s "o$$issio# o) )ra,& !oa#yo#e G "o,#!er !o &,!y !o $ai#!ai# "lie#!8s "o#)i&e#"ea#& se"re!s/

*5.;. TER!INATIONOFSERICES

A@@licale Canons

Canon 55G A lawyer shall wi!h&raw his ser+i"es o#ly )or9oo& "a,se a#& ,%o# #o!i"e a%%ro%ria!e i# !he"ir",$s!a#"es/

R2le 55.$+G A lawyer $ay wi!h&raw his ser+i"es i# a#yo) !he )ollowi#9 "ases

a/ Whe# !he "lie#! %,rs,es a# il le9al or i$$oral


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"o,rse o) "o#&,"! i# "o##e"!io# wi!h !he $a!!er he

is ha#&li#9J'/ Whe# !he "lie#! i#sis!s !ha! !he lawyer %,rs,e

"o#&,"! +iola!i+e o) !hese "a#o#s a#& r,lesJ"/ Whe# his i#a'ili !y !o wor1 wi!h "o-"o,#sel wil l

#o! %ro$o!e !he 'es! i#!eres! o) !he "lie#!J&/ Whe# !he $e#!al or %hysi"al "o#&i! io# o) !he

lawyer re#&ers i! &i))i",l! )or hi$ !o "arry o,! !hee$%loy$e#! e))e"!i+elyJ

e/ Whe# !he "lie#! &eli'era!ely )ails !o %ay !he )ees)or !he ser+i"es or )ails !o "o$%ly wi!h !he re!ai#era9ree$e#!J

)/ Whe# !he lawyer is ele"!e& or a%%oi#!e& !o a%,'li" o))i"e a#&

9/ O!her si$ilar "asesR2le 55.$5G A lawyer who wi!h&raws or is &is"har9e&shall s,'

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2/ Clie#! co#&,"!s hi$sel) i# a $a##er whi"h !e#&s !o

&e9ra&e his a!!or#eyJ/ Clie#! re),ses !o e@!e#& "oo%era!io#J./ Clie#! s!o%s ha+i#9 "o#!a"! wi!h hi$/

The ri9h! o) a "lie#! !o !er$i#a!e a lawyer is a'sol,!e/ S,"h!er$i#a!io# $ay 'e wi!h or wi!ho,! "a,se/

%HEN ATTORNE)>CLIENT RELATIONSHIP ISTER!INATE& /%A>FIC0

5/ Wi!h&rawal o) !he lawyer ,#&er R,le 22/05J2/ A%%oi#!$e#! or ele"!io# o) a lawyer !o !he

9o+er#$e#! %osi!io# whi"h %rohi'i!s %ri+a!e %ra"!i"eo) lawJ

/ 7ea!h o) !he lawyer ,#less i! is a Law ir$hiso!her %ar!#ers "o#!i#,e wi!h !he "aseJ

./ 7ea!h o) !he "lie#!;/ 7is"har9e or &is$issal o) !he lawyer 'y !he "lie#!6/ 7e"lara!io# o) !he %res,$%!i+e &ea!h o) !he lawyer

art, .F06 =e/ Civil Code; art, 416 %amil# CodeB/ 7is'ar$e#! or s,s%e#sio# o) !he lawyer )ro$ !he

%ra"!i"e o) lawJ3/ ,ll !er$i#a!io# o) !he "ase or "aseJ

4/ I#!er+e#i#9 i#"a%a"i!y or i#"o$%e!e#"e o) !he "lie#!&,ri#9 !he %e#&e#"y o) !he "ase )or !he# !he "lie#!loses his "a%a"i!y !o "o#!ra"! or !o "o#!rol !hes,'

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ATTORNE)S FEES5/ Ordinary attorneyKs 1ee - !he reaso#a'le

"o$%e#sa!io# %ai& !o a lawyer 'y his "lie#! )or !he le9alser+i"es he has re#&ere& !o !he la!!er/ The 'asis )or !his"o$%e#sa!io# is !he )a"! o) his e$%loy$e#! 'y a#& hisa9ree$e#! wi!h !he "lie#!/

2/ Etra>ordinary attorneyKs 1ee - a# i#&e$#i!y )or&a$a9es or&ere& 'y !he "o,r! !o 'e %ai& 'y !he losi#9%ar!y i# li!i9a!io#/ The 'asis )or !his is a#y o) !he "ases%ro+i&e& )or 'y law where s,"h awar& "a# 'e $a&e

s,"h as !hose a,!horie& i# Ar!i"le 2203 o) !he Ci+ilCo&e a#& is %aya'le NOT !o !he lawyer ',! !o !he"lie#! ,#less !hey ha+e a9ree& !ha! !he awar& shall%er!ai# !o !he lawyer as a&&i!io#al "o$%e#sa!io# or as%ar! !hereo)/

HO% ATTORNE)S FEES !A) BE CLAI!E& B) THELA%)ER

5/ I! $ay 'e asser!e& ei!her i# !he +ery a"!io# i# whi"h!he ser+i"es o) a lawyer ha& 'ee# re#&ere& or i# ase%ara!e a"!io#/

2/ A %e!i!io# )or a!!or#eyKs )ees $ay 'e )ile& 'e)ore !he

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a!!or#ey8s )ees/

R2le 5$.$5G A lawyer shall i# "ases o) re)erral wi!h !he"o#se#! o) !he "lie#! 'e e#!i!le& !o a &i+isio# o) )ees i#%ro%or!io# !o !he wor1 %er)or$e& a#& res%o#si'ili!yass,$e&/R2le 5$.$9G A lawyer shall #o! wi!ho,! !he ),ll 1#owle&9ea#& "o#se#! o) !he "lie#! a""e%! a#y )ee rewar& "os!s"o$$issio# i#!eres! re'a!e or )orwar&i#9 allowa#"e oro!her "o$%e#sa!io# wha!soe+er rela!e& !o his %ro)essio#ale$%loy$e#! )ro$ a#yo#e o!her !ha# !he "lie#!/

Ece@tion A lawyer $ay re"ei+e "o$%e#sa!io# )ro$ a%erso# o!her !ha# his "lie#! whe# !he latter has 12llDno-ledge and a@@roal thereo1.+ule 1.6 sec, '07e86+evised +ules of CourtB

R2le 5$.$=G A lawyer shall a+oi& "o#!ro+ersies wi!h "lie#!s"o#"er#i#9 his "o$%e#sa!io# a#& shall resor! !o

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Note

R2le 55.$5G A lawyer who wi!h&raws or is &is"har9e& shalls,'

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%ro+isio# alrea&y re#&ere& i#o%era!i+e 'y re%eal or

a$e#&$e#! or asser! as a )a"! !ha! whi"h has #o! 'ee#a%%ro+e&/R2le +$.$9 G A lawyer shall o'ser+e !he r,les o)%ro"e&,re a#& shall #o! $is,se !he$ !o &e)ea! !he e#&so)

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To warra#! a )i#&i#9 o) (%re

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or i#!eres! e#"o,ra9e a#y s,i! or %ro"ee&i#9 or &elay

a#y $a#8s "a,se/R2le +.$= G A lawyer shall e#"o,ra9e his "lie#!s !oa+oi& e#& or se!!le !he "o#!ro+ersy i) i! will a&$i! o) a)air se!!le$e#!/

*#.5. NOT TO RE'ECT EGCEPT FOR ALI& REASONS< THECA(SEOFTHE&EFENSELESSOROPPRESSE&. EENIFALA%)ER&OESNOTACCEPTACASE< HESHALLNOTREF(SE TO REN&ER LEAL A&ICE TO THE EGTENTNECESSAR)TOSAFE(AR&LATTERSRIHTS.

A@@licale CanonsCANON 5 G A lawyer shall $a1e his le9al ser+i"esa+aila'le i# a# e))i"ie#! a#& "o#+e#ie#! $a##er "o$%a!i'lewi!h !he i#&e%e#&e#"e i#!e9ri!y a#& e))e"!i+e#ess o) !he%ro)essio#/

R2le 5.$+G A lawyer shall #o! ree la'ors ,#&er "o#)li"! o) i#!eres! 'e!wee# hi$a#& !he %ros%e"!i+e "lie#! or 'e!wee# a %rese#!"lie#! a#& !he %ros%e"!i+e "lie#!/


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R2le +=.$= G A lawyer who a""e%!s !he "a,se o) a%erso# ,#a'le !o %ay his %ro)essio#al )ees shall o'ser+e!he sa$e s!a#&ar& o) "o#&,"! 9o+er#i#9 his rela!io#swi!h %ayi#9 "lie#!s/

*Canoy v. 8rt&1 A.C. 4!, #arc< /, 200a/#ers /ho devote their professional practice torepresenting litigants /ho could ill afford legal servicesdeserve commendation, Ho/ever6 his mantle of pu*licservice /ill not deliver the la/#er6 no matter ho/ /ellmeaning6 from the conseuences of negligent acts, t is not

enough to sa# that all pauper litigants should *e assured oflegal representation, (he# deserve ualit# representationas /ell,

*#.9. NOT TO &ELA) !ANS CA(SE< NOT AB(SE CO(RTPROCESS< B(T!(STPROI&EEFFICIENTSERICE

APPLICABLE CANONS

R2le +$.$9G A lawyer shall o'ser+e !he r,les o) %ro"e&,rea#& shall #o! $is,se !he$ !o &e)ea! !he e#&s o)

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favora*le disposition,

R(LES OF CO(RT

R2le ;< Sec. #. Certi1ication against 1or2m sho@@ing.GThe %lai#!i)) or %ri#"i%al %ar!y shall "er!i)y ,#&er oa!h i# !he"o$%lai#! or o!her i#i!ia!ory %lea&i#9 asser!i#9 a "lai$ )orrelie) or i# a swor# "er!i)i"a!io# a##e@e& !here!o a#&si$,l!a#eo,sly )ile& !herewi!h aF !ha! he has #o!"o$$e#"e& a#y a"!io# or )ile& #ay "lai$ i#+ol+i#9 !hesa$e iss,es i# a#y "o,r! !ri',#al or D,asi-

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5/ Pre

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li!i9a!io#

./ P,'li"a!io# !e#&i#9 !o &e9ra&e !he"o,r!J &isres%e"!),l la#9,a9e i# %lea&i#9s

;/ Mislea&i#9 !he "o,r! or o's!r,"!i#9

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;/ Boar& o) o+er#ors &e"i&es wi!hi# 0 &ays/

6/ I#+es!i9a!io# 'y !he Soli"i!or-e#eral/ SC re#&ers )i#al &e"isio# )or &is'ar$e#!

s,s%e#sio# &is$issal/

32ant2m Proo1The %roo) reD,ire& is CLEAR< CONINCIN andSATISFACTOR)e+i&e#"e/

B2rden o1 Proo1The ',r&e# res!s o# !he COMPLAINANT !he o#e whoi#s!i!,!e& !he s,i!

OFFICERS A(THORIE& TO INESTIATE IN THE&ISBAR!ENT CASES

5/ S,%re$e Co,r!2/ IBP !hro,9h i!s Co$$issio# o# Bar 7is"i%li#e or

a,!horie& i#+es!i9a!or/ O))i"e o) !he Soli"i!or e#eral

!ITIATIN CIRC(!STANCES IN &ISBAR!ENTA2ILF

5/ ood 1aithi# !he a"D,isi!io# o) a %ro%er!y o) !he

"lie#! s,'am&n r"c&a, 92 SC%A !Cr&t"r&on (he applicant must6 lie a candidate foradmission to the 2ar6 satisf# the Court that he is a person

of good moral character L a fit and proper person topractice la/, (he Court /ill tae into consideration theapplicants character and standing prior to the dis*arment6the nature and character of the charge for /hich he /asdis*arred6 his conduct su*seuent to the dis*arment6 andthe time that has elapsed *et/een the dis*arment and theapplication for reinstatement, Ihether or not the applicantshall *e reinstated rests on the discretion of the court,

*Cu& vs. Cu&, SC%A 7+einstatement to the roll of attorne#s /ipes out the

restrictions and disa*ilities resulting from a previousdis*arment,

The S,%re$e Co,r! i# a&&i!io# !o !he reD,ire&reha'ili!a!io# o) !he a%%li"a#! )or rei#s!a!e$e#! $ay reD,ires%e"ial "o#&i!io#s !o 'e ),l)ille& 'y !he a%%li"a#!/

*=. PAR&ON

Is a disarred la-yer d2e to coniction 1or a crime


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a2tomatically reinstated to the @ractice o1 la- 2@on

eing @ardoned y the President,

To 'e rei#s!a!e& !here is s!ill a #ee& )or !he )ili#9 o) a#a%%ro%ria!e %e!i!io# wi!h !he S,%re$e Co,r!/ n r"%ov"ro, 0 SC%A !0B

I) &,ri#9 !he %e#&e#"y o) a &is'ar$e#! %ro"ee&i#9 !heres%o#&e#! was 9ra#!e& e@e",!i+e %ar&o# !he &is$issal o)!he "ase o# !ha! sole 'asis will &e%e#& o# whe!her !hee@e",!i+e %ar&o# is a'sol,!e or "o#&i!io#al/ I) !he %ar&o# isa'sol,!e or ,#"o#&i!io#al !he &is'ar$e#! "ase will 'e

&is$isse&/ >owe+er i) !he e@e",!i+e %ar&o# is "o#&i!io#al!he &is'ar$e#! "ase will #o! 'e &is$isse& o# !he 'asis!hereo)/

*.#. CONTRIB(TIONTOSOCIET)AN&SELF&EELOP!ENT

CANON =G A lawyer shall %ar!i"i%a!e i# !he i$%ro+e$e#!o) !he le9al sys!e$ 'y i#i!ia!i#9 or s,%%or!i#9 e))or!s i# lawre)or$ a#& i# !he a&$i#is!ra!io# o)FOL& OBLIATION OF A LA%)ER5/ >e owes i! !o hi$sel) !o "o#!i#,e i$%ro+i#9 his

1#owle&9e o) !he lawsJ2/ >e owes i! !o his %ro)essio# !o !a1e a# a"!i+e

i#!eres! i# !he $ai#!e#a#"e o) hi9h s!a#&ar&s o)le9al e&,"a!io#J

/ >e owes i! !o !he lay %,'li" !o $a1e !he law a %ar! o)!heir so"ial "o#s"io,s#ess/

Bar !atter "#$!AN&ATOR) CONTIN(IN LEAL E&(CATION

/Ado@ting the R2les on the Contin2ing Legal Ed2cation1or !emers o1 the Integrated Bar o1 the Phili@@ines0

A2g2st "< 5$$$

3ertinent 3rovisions:

P2r@oseReD,ire& o) $e$'ers o) !he IBP !o e#s,re !ha! !hro,9ho,!!heir "areer !hey 1ee% a'reas! wi!h law a#&

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RE3(IRE!ENTS OF CO!PLETION OF !CLE

Me$'ers o) !he IBP ,#less e@e$%!e& ,#&er R,le shall"o$%le!e e+ery years a! leas! 6 ho,rs o) "o#!i#,i#9 le9ale&,"a!io# a"!i+i!ies/ (he .D hours shall *e divided asfollo/s:

a/ 6 ho,rs G le9al e!hi"s'/ . ho,rs G !rial a#& %re!rial s1ills"/ ; ho,rs G al!er#a!i+e &is%,!e resol,!io#&/ 4 ho,rs G ,%&a!es o# s,'s!a#!i+e a#&

%ro"e&,ral laws a#& @artici@atory G %re%ari#9 as a,!hor or "o-a,!hor wri!!e# $a!erials e/9/ ar!i"le 'oo1 or 'oo1re+iewF whi"h "o#!ri',!e !o !he le9al e&,"a!io# o)!he a,!hor $e$'er whi"h were #o! %re%are& i# !he

or&i#ary "o,rse o) his %ra"!i"e or e$%loy$e#!Je&i!i#9 a law 'oo1 law

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3/ O$',&s$a# !he O+erall 7e%,!y O$',&s$a# !he

7e%,!y O$',&s$e# a#& !he S%e"ial Prose",!or o)!he O))i"e o) !he O$',&s$a#J4/ >ea&s o) 9o+er#$e#! a9e#"ies e@er"isi#9 D,asi-

CO!PLIANCE

5/ A $e$'er who )ails !o "o$%ly wi!h !he reD,ire$e#!sa)!er !he 60-&ay %erio& shall 'e LISTE7 AS7ELINUENT MEMBER 'y !he IBP Boar& o)o+er#ors ,%o# re"o$$e#&a!io# o) !he Co$$i!!eeo# MCLE/

2/ The lis!i#9 as a &eli#D,e#! $e$'er is a&$i#is!ra!i+ei# #a!,re ',! shall 'e $a&e wi!h #o!i"e a#& heari#9'y !he Co$$i!!ee o# MCLE/


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CO!!ITTEE ON !AN&ATOR) CONTIN(IN LEAL

E&(CATIONCom@osition S!a#&i#9 Co$$i!!ee o) i+e ;F Me$'ers

5/ Re!ire& ,s!i"e o) !he SC G Chair$a# #o$i#a!e& 'y!he SC

2/ IBP Na!io#al Presi&e#! G Vi"e-Chair/ o!her $e$'ers G #o$i#a!e& 'y !he Phili%%i#e

,&i"ial A"a&e$y UP Law Ce#!er a#& Asso"ia!io#o) Law Pro)essors res%e"!i+ely/

Me$'ers o) !he Co$$i!!ee shall 'e o) %ro+e# %ro'i!y a#&i#!e9ri!y a#& shall re"ei+e "o$%e#sa!io# as $ay 'e

&e!er$i#e& 'y !he SC/ The i#i!ial !er$s o) ea"h o) !he $e$'ers shall 'e ;. a#& years res%e"!i+ely/

E11ectiity5; Se%!e$'er 2000 )ollowi#9 i!s %,'li"a!io# i#2 #ews%a%ers o) 9e#eral "ir",la!io#/


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NE% CO&E OF '(&ICIAL CON&(CT FOR THE PHILIPPINE

'(&ICIAR)A/M/ No/ 0-0;-05-SC3romulgated: April '6 '004

Affectivit#: June 16 '004

CA=?= 1IN&EPEN&ENCE

,&i"ial i#&e%e#&e#"e is a %re-reD,isi!e !o !he r,le o) lawa#& a ),#&a$e#!al 9,ara#!ee o) a )air !rial/ A

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CA=?= .I!PARTIALIT)

I$%ar!iali!y is esse#!ial !o !he %ro%er &is"har9e o) !he

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a%%eara#"e o) i$%ro%rie!y i# all o) !heir a"!i+i!ies/

Se"/2/ As a s,'

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'e#e)i! as a%%ro%ria!e !o !he o""asio# o# whi"h i! is $a&e%ro+i&e& !ha! s,"h 9i)! awar& or 'e#e)i! $i9h! #o! reaso#a'ly 'e%er"ei+e& as i#!e#&e& !o i#)l,e#"e !he

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reD,ire si$ilar "o#&,"! o) le9al re%rese#!a!i+es "o,r! s!a)) a#&o!hers s,'

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