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Authentic, Transformational and Transactional
Leadership
Contrasting styles, Contrasting motivations
Agenda
Authentic Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Examples of effective leaders using Authentic and Transformational approaches
Authentic Leadership
Defined:
“A pattern of leader behavior that develops from and is grounded in the leader’s positive psychological qualities and strong ethics.” *
“Authentic leaders genuinely desire to serve others through their leadership. They are more interested in empowering the people they lead to make a difference than they are in power, money or prestige for themselves. They are as guided by qualities of the heart, by passion and compassion, as they are by qualities of the mind.” **
Composed of:
Self-awareness
Internalized moral perspective
Balanced processing
Relational transparency* Walumbwa, et al, 2008** George, 2003
Authentic Action Wheel
Adapted from Terry, 1993
Authentic Leadership Characteristics
Compassion
Passion
Behavior
Consistency ConnectednessGeorge, 2003
The Authenticity Paradox
How can you balance authenticity – staying true to your self – with growth and learning?
How does thinking critically about authenticity relate to emotional intelligence?
Modeling the Way:Authenticity in Action?
Clarify and live the shared values
“Walk the Talk”
Ask purposeful questions
Seek feedback
How do others see you in terms of living the values?
Give feedback to others
Don’t let things slide if you see people acting inconsistent with the organization’s shared values
Transformational Leadership
Focused on positive change
Transformational leadership:– Articulates the difference between the current
reality and a compelling vision
Research shows transformational leadership is related to increased follower….
– Job satisfaction
– Satisfaction with leader
– Motivation
– Performance
Contrasting Leadership Styles
Transactional leader– Rewards and sanctions used to
motivate followers
– Relationship viewed as an exchange
Transformational leader– Followers believe in and internalize leader’s
vision for positive change
– Loyalty and commitment
Laissez-Faire– Completely hands off
– Ignores needs of team
Comparing Transactional and Transformational Leadership
Transactional– Control
– Emphasis on compliance
– Motivate through social exchange of valued resources
– Coercive, legitimate, and reward based power
– Focus on compliance through control, often resulting in low self-worth.
Transformational– Empowerment
– Values and beliefs
– Motivate by increasing belief in self-ability and self-determination
– Expert and referent based power
– Focus on followers’ self-growth through internalization of goals.
Charisma in TransformationalLeadership
Charisma defined:
– “A fire that ignites followers’ energy and commitment, producing results above and beyond the call of duty.” Weber
– Is charisma always good?
– Examples of charismatic leaders?
Charismatic/Transformational Behaviors
Visionary– Articulating a vision that followers can
share
Modeling action for realizing the vision– Inspirational
– Storytelling
– Unconventional behavior or charisma
– Altruism – acting for others, not self
– Confidence in the vision
Transformational Leadership and Altruism
Altruism– Motivation through concern for others.
Intentions: A willingness to sacrifice one’s self for others.
Actions: Behavior that helps others.
Reasons people behave altruistically.– Reciprocity norm
– Social responsibility norm
Forms of Altruistic Behavior
Harming ConcernHelping Concern
(cost) for others(benefits) for others
Helping Concern
(benefits) for self
Harming Concern
(cost) for self
Genuine/
moral altruism
Vindictive/
self-destructive
egotism
Utilitarian/
mutual altruism
Hedonistic
egotismApathetic
egotism
Examples of Transformational Leaders
Dr. V
– CEO of Aravind Eye Hospitals
Gordon Gecko
– CEO of a fictional corporation
Wangari Maathai
– Environmental Activist